How did England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland come together in history?

As we all know, the full name of Britain is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, including Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and Great Britain includes England, Wales and Scotland. In other words, Britain is made up of most of the islands in the British Isles, the largest of which is Great Britain, and the second largest is Northern Ireland and Ireland. On the west coast of Scotland, there is a large archipelago called hebrides. On the northeast coast of Scotland, there are Orkney Islands and Sadrin Islands. All these islands have administrative relations with the mainland, but the Isle of Man off the coast of Ireland and the Channel Islands between Britain and France are basically autonomous and not part of the United Kingdom.

So, how did England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland come together in history? Why is Britain called the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland? This should start with the history of Britain.

Roman rule over the island of Great Britain began in 43 AD and lasted for more than 300 years. Invaded by the Angles, Saxons and Jutes from Northern Europe, the Romans finally retreated in 408. In the next two centuries, invasion and harassment gradually turned into settlement on the island, and many small kingdoms were established. The British live alone in what is now Wales and Cornwall. These small kingdoms have risen one after another, dominating the whole country and finally dominating the kingdom of Western Sahara in the south. However, Vikings from Scandinavia subsequently invaded and settled in Britain, even though the Wessex dynasty defeated the invading Danes in the 10 century and once ruled a large area of England.

1066, Duke William of Normandy defeated the British in the Battle of Hastings, so Normans from France and other places came to settle in Britain. In the following three centuries, French became the language of the nobility, and the legal structure and social structure were also affected to some extent.

Although Wales is within the sphere of influence of the English, it has always been under the command of the Celtics. However, after the death of Prince Llewellyn in 1282, Edward I of England of England launched a campaign and won, putting Wales under the rule of England. However, the Welsh do not want to be ruled by England. In the early15th century, Irving Gerlind led an uprising. However, in 1536 and 1542, England and Wales were unified administratively, politically and legally.

Most people who originally lived in Scotland were Picts. In the 6th century, Scots from Ireland settled in what is now argyle. The English lived in Lothian, while the British in Wales continued north to Strathclyde. In the 9th century, all parts of Scotland united against the Vikings. Throughout the Middle Ages, the powerful monarchy of England always threatened the independence of Scotland.

In England, Elizabeth I was succeeded by James VI of Scotland (James I, England) in 1603. That's it. During the reign of oliver cromwell, England and Scotland were forcibly unified, but they remained independent in the17th century. It was not until 1707 that the two sides realized the benefits of close political and economic union and agreed to establish a single British parliament. Scotland still retains its own judicial system and religious groups. During the reign of George I and George II, two Hanover Protestants, the relationship between England and Scotland became tense, and the James II Party launched two rebellions in an attempt to restore the Catholic Stuart royal family.

Ireland had many kingdoms in BC, but it did not escape the Viking invasion. By the 10 century, Ireland was ruled by the vikings.

1 169 Henry II of England invaded Ireland. British Pope Adrian IV granted this power to Henry II, the supreme ruler, because he wanted the Irish Church to integrate into Rome as soon as possible. Most of Ireland fell into the hands of Anglo-Norman dignitaries. In the Middle Ages, England had almost no direct jurisdiction over Ireland.

Several Tudor monarchs tried to interfere in Ireland. During the reign of Elizabeth I, Irish rebels suffered a series of attacks. The rebels are mainly concentrated in the northern province of Ulster. 1607, Ulster became the settlement of immigrants from Scotland and England because of the failure of the rebellion and the escape of the leaders.

1642 to 1652, due to the English civil war, Ireland took the opportunity to break out many uprisings, but they were all suppressed by Cromwell. 1688 After James II was abolished, the war between Britain and Ireland never stopped. /kloc-the 0/8th century was a period of relative peace. /kloc-at the end of 0/8, the British government made a lot of efforts for stability. 1782, the Irish Parliament established in the Middle Ages gained legislative autonomy, and the only constitutional connection with it was the Royal Government. However, the parliament only represents a few Anglo-Irish privileged classes, and Catholics are excluded. 1798 there was an uprising, but it failed. Ireland and Great Britain were unified in 180 1 year.

Although the riots of the National Uprising Army in Dublin were suppressed in 19 16, at the end of World War I, a guerrilla named Irish Peace Army began to take military action against the British authorities. /kloc-the Irish government bill passed in 0/920 stipulated that two local self-government committees should be established, one in Dublin and the other in Belfast. This bill was implemented in Northern Ireland on 192 1, but only six of the nine counties in the province accepted their own parliaments, and at the same time they still enjoyed seats in the British Parliament and were subject to the highest jurisdiction of the British Parliament.

However, Irish peace forces are still fighting tirelessly in the south to get rid of Britain and gain independence. It was not until the armistice agreement was signed in June of 192 1 and the Anglo-Irish Treaty was concluded in February of the same year that Ireland was able to establish a free state, which eventually became the Republic of Ireland in June of 1949. Only then did Britain change from "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland" to "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland".

The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man, which do not belong to Britain, actually have a special origin with Britain. In the 10 century and 1 10 century, the Channel Islands were once a part of the Principality of Normandy. Before 1266, the isle of man nominally belonged to Norway, and finally came under the direct jurisdiction of the royal government in 1765. Although both the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man have their own legislatures and legal systems, the British government is still responsible for their national defense and international relations.

Britain now has Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales and England, which are actually four countries in history. Based on England, Britain was formed after successively annexing Wales, Scotland and Ireland. After the merger, the national sentiment in these places fluctuated obviously, and there was always a separatist tendency. Especially after Ireland's independence, six northern counties chose to stay in Britain because most residents believed in the Anglican Church. However, a few Catholics still insist on returning to Ireland. Although the activities of the Irish peace forces have obviously weakened, this national sentiment is a problem that cannot be ignored and stirs the nerves of the British government.