A brief introduction to Marx's life

Karl Marx (German: Karl Marx; May 5, 1818-March 14, 1883), translated as Michaels in China, was a Jewish German philosopher, economist, sociologist, political scientist, revolutionary theorist, journalist, historian and revolutionary socialist. Marx's work in economics explained the relationship between the vast majority of workers and capitalists, and laid the foundation for many subsequent economic thoughts. Marx is also one of the founders of sociology and social sciences. In Karl Marx's life, he published a large number of theoretical works, among which the most famous and influential two works were the Manifesto of the Producer Party published in 1848 and Das Kapital published from 1867 to 1894.

on may 5, 1818, Marx was born in trier, Rhine province, Prussia, a relatively wealthy middle-class family. In October 1835, when studying in Bonn University and Humboldt University in Berlin, Marx became interested in young hegelians's philosophy. After graduating from college, Marx contributed to a newspaper with radical views in Cologne. At the same time, his own historical materialism theory sprouted and began to take shape.

After Marx moved to Paris, France in p>1843, he continued to write columns in other related newspapers with radical views. It was at this time that Marx met his later important friend and supporter-friedrich engels. In 1849, after Marx was exiled, he moved to London with his wife and children. After he arrived in London, he continued to write and began to construct his theory about social and economic activities. Marx also actively participated in the socialist movement and soon became an important figure in the first international.

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Overview of Marxism

Marxism is one of the most complicated and profound theories in modern times. The scope of the theory includes a wide range of fields such as politics, philosophy, economy and society. The development of Marxism is beyond the reach of any other doctrine, and because of this, there are many different versions of explanations and statements in this world. As Hal Draper, a modern American Marxist, said, "In human history, few theories have been seriously distorted by unusual people like Marx's thought". In addition to Marxism-Leninism, many schools of thought consider the theory of self-faction as the orthodox inheritance of Marx. Nowadays, the more influential and main camps include Trotskyism, Stalinism, Western Marxism and so on.

Marx's greatest contribution to philosophy is to introduce the concept of practice into philosophy, which links philosophy with the liberation of the modern proletariat (working class). The thorough application of this philosophy in the field of social history led to the emergence of historical materialism. Under the guidance of historical materialism, Marx analyzed and studied the economic foundation of capitalist society and discovered the surplus value, pointing out that the class struggle between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie will inevitably lead to the dictatorship of the proletariat, which is from capitalism to * * *.

Marx's philosophy

Generally speaking, Marx's philosophy did not have absolute influence in his time; But just a few years after his death, at the end of the 19th century, with the aggravation of the general crisis in the bourgeois world, Marx's philosophy quickly spread all over the country. Establishing a capitalist welfare state has become the trend of political and economic reform in advanced European countries. After that, Marxism was divided into non-Evolutionary Marxism and Revolutionary Marxism.

the theory of non-revolutionism, also known as revisionism, takes Edward Bernstein as the center, advocates gradual socialist development, and regards Marxism as a moral standard. The revolutionary theory is most famous for radical Lenin, emphasizing the unavoidable necessity of violent revolution for establishing proletarian dictatorship. The revolutionaries regard Marxism as a historical scientific theory and proletarian world outlook and methodology, and think that this theory is a theoretical reflection of the objective process of history, a product of the broad masses of working people in practice, and a crystallization of all outstanding human cultural heritage. ?

Marxism

Marxism reached its peak in the early 2th century and the middle 2th century with the vigorous spread of the Soviet Union founded by Lenin and the Bolshevik Party. During this period, the contemporary interpretation of Marxism seems to be questioned and disputed by many scholars. With the decline and disintegration of the Soviet Union, the political influence of Marxism has also weakened.

Marxism, as one of the most famous and far-reaching philosophical theories in modern times, is still active in various fields of academic circles, and the spirit of the theory is also applied to the direction of government administration from time to time. In the 21st century, there are still many countries and political parties in the world who take Marxism as their ideology, such as Cuba, Nepal, Cyprus, France, Portugal, Greece and so on.

Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia: Karl Marx.