Who is the most cruel monarch in China's history? Who is the cleverest?

The most wise monarch in the history of China-Li Shimin 02: 20 On Saturday, February 2, 2008, the Zhenguan dynasty was stronger than any other dynasty in China. Throughout several powerful dynasties in China's history, the symbol of prosperity is nothing more than enriching the country and strengthening the people. Only Zhenguan Dynasty made outstanding achievements in deep civilization (mainly referring to system and cultural inheritance). The wealth of the Tang Dynasty empire is evidenced by a poem by Du Fu, a great poet, who said, "I recall that in the prosperous era of Kaiyuan, there were still thousands of households in a small town, and the rice was rich and the public and private granaries were rich ...". In line with the high development of productive forces, the international prestige of the Tang Dynasty also reached its peak, and foreign wars won successive victories. It has maintained a continuous offensive posture for more than 100 years and its territory has expanded extremely. The vast territories of North Korea, Mobei and the Western Regions have been merged into Chinese territory one after another, and the territory of the Western Regions reaches the stone country on the east bank of the Aral Sea (Tashkent, Central Asia). In addition to the fruitful achievements known by these people, the civilization of Zhenguan Dynasty was second to none in the world at that time.

First, social order is unprecedentedly stable.

The social order in Zhenguan Dynasty is incredibly good, and it doesn't close all night. In 630, only 29 prisoners in China were sentenced to death. In 632, the number of death row inmates increased to 290. At the end of this year, Li Shimin allowed them to go home and deal with their affairs, and they will die when they come back next autumn (Guqiu execution). In September of the following year, all 290 prisoners were put back, and none escaped. At that time, China's political civilization, officials performed their duties, people lived and worked in peace and contentment, and there were few unfair phenomena, and there were not many grievances in the hearts of Chinese people. People who have plenty of food and clothing will not take risks to survive; People with a peaceful mind are not easy to go to extremes, so the probability of committing a crime is very small.

Second, open national borders.

The Tang Empire was the most civilized and powerful country in the world at that time, and Chang 'an, the capital, was a cosmopolitan metropolis, just like new york in the United States today. At that time, the Tang Empire was the "sunshine zone" in the eyes of people with lofty ideals all over the world, and outstanding talents from all over the world risked their lives to rush to the Tang Empire. After seeing the high prosperity and civilization of the Tang Dynasty empire, the envoys of various countries felt that their country was almost like an uncivilized "virgin forest", and they did not want to return to China and tried their best to stay. China's highly developed culture makes most people from all countries who come to China proud that they are from China (which reminds people of the green card of the United States today). Not only the capital Chang 'an, but also "expatriates" from all over the country have settled here, especially the emerging commercial cities. There are more than 200,000 western expatriates in Guangzhou alone. Zhenguan Dynasty is a rare open dynasty in the history of China. There are no strict restrictions on the entry of foreigners and the exit of China people, that is, they are not worried that China people will forget their roots after going out; I'm not worried about foreigners coming in and usurping the role of master. This alone shows the high self-confidence of Zhenguan dynasty, which is convinced that its country is the most civilized and prosperous land in the world and is not worried that foreign culture will drown it. The national quality of Zhenguan Dynasty was so high that it did not discriminate against or cater to foreigners, nor did it blindly exclude foreigners or "take out food", showing a supercilious national temperament and kingly demeanor. Foreigners in China enjoy the same civil rights as people in China, just like people in China are at home. They can not only make a fortune, but also be an official in politics. Many expatriates from the Arab Empire and Japan hold official posts in China, and some of them also hold senior ministerial positions.

In addition to accepting a large number of foreign immigrants, the Tang Empire also received a batch of foreign students to study advanced culture in China. Only Japanese students at public expense received seven batches, each with hundreds of students. Private self-funded international students far exceed this figure. After returning to China, these Japanese students carried out Japan's first modernization movement-the modernization to innovation, that is, the China Movement, which imitated the Zhenguan dynasty at that time and made the Japanese nation in the primitive tribal state leap forward for a thousand years.

1200 years later, the Japanese Empire carried out the second modernization movement, fully accepted western culture, made itself leap for hundreds of years, trampled on the former teachers, and created two terrible massacres in the teachers' "yard".

The Japanese nation is not smart, it is just good at learning. This nation, which is half a beat slower than others, has one of the greatest advantages ―― backwardness but not stubbornness. When foreign civilizations invade, they always take the initiative to accept cultures that are more advanced than themselves, and accept the advanced achievements of human civilization in the fastest and most convenient way, thus quickly jumping into the ranks of advanced nations. It is not terrible for a nation to lag behind, but stubbornness is the most terrible!

Be broad-minded, love as life, and be tolerant of people.

Whether a country and a nation can prosper or not depends not only on the superhuman qualities of the helmsman, but also on the ability to carry out his will. Today, the importance of talents has become a common sense, because talents determine the fate of a country. But not all people in power value talents. The reality is that more than half of those in power ignore or even hate talents. Only those outstanding politicians who are broad-minded, have the courage to take responsibility, can recognize the importance of talents, can tolerate the weaknesses of talents without hurting the overall situation, and are not afraid that talents will surpass him can be appointed.

Li Shimin's love for talents is described in many historical books, and the most typical example is his trust and reuse of Wei Zhi. Yes, my brother's old minister, Li, and the two brothers used to be sworn political enemies. More than once, I persuaded Li to kill first, so I should hate him. After Li Shimin won the power race, almost everyone thought that Li Shimin would kill Wei Zhi to vent his anger, or accuse others of killing him as a scapegoat; No one could have imagined that Li Shimin's greatest punishment for Wei Zhi was to appoint him as the prime minister of the empire and form children's in-laws with him. The fruit of this dramatic ending is: Wei Zhi made an unparalleled contribution to the prosperity of the Tang Empire!

During the Zhenguan period in Li Shimin, there were many talented people, including, Fang, Du Ruhui and Wuji. Wu has Li Jing, Qin has, and Cheng has peace. A large number of elites have formed a strong and efficient leadership core around Li Shimin. However, Li Shimin still felt that there were not enough talents. He repeatedly ordered the Prime Minister to recommend talents in the form of sealing Yide. After repeated urging, there was no news for a long time. Feng Yide said sadly, "It's not that I don't work hard. It's really that there are no talents in this world." Li Shimin immediately corrected him: "Gentlemen use people as tools, and each has his own strengths. Since ancient times, people have been ruled by kings. Can we borrow talents from different generations? How can you be lightweight if you can't visit yourself? " After listening to such insights, Feng Yide was ashamed in addition to shame.

Fourth, a high degree of self-control, a deep understanding of human weaknesses, and a high degree of vigilance against "good words."

People are evolved from animals, and there are more or less traces of animals on them; As long as people, whether great or ordinary, have a human side and an animal side.

The real connotation of human civilization is to enhance human nature to the greatest extent and to overcome animal nature as much as possible. How much human nature has a great relationship with a person's status. Animal elements in people of high and low status are easy to spread and grow. The former does not care about the means of survival; The latter will abuse power at will. Because of his high position, the emperor of China was able to release the pent-up animal nature.