By the way, what counties are there near Bailong River in Longnan?

Wudu County, Bailong River! 1。 Location and population of Bailong River basin

1. 1 Bailong River originated in Luqu, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province, and langmusi, ruoergai county, Sichuan Province. It flows into Jialing River through the junction of Diebu County, Zhouqu County, Dangchang County, Wudu County, Guangyuan City and Wenxian County in Longnan City, and is 38 1.5 kilometers away from Gansu Governor's Office. Bailong river basin in Gansu province, with a basin area of 32.60-34.40 north latitude and 1030- 105.50 east longitude? 17846.3 square kilometers (Bailong River Basin includes the southeast of Min County in Dingxi area). The land flowing through the main stream of Bailong River Basin includes the land flowing through the main tributaries. The main tributaries flow through the land in Tanchang County, Longnan City, Luotang County, Wudu County and Jiuzhaigou County (formerly Nanping County) of Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province. Zhuoni, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the north and northeast of the basin, Min County in Dingxi area, Lixian County, Xihe County, Chengxian County and Kangxian County in Longnan City border Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, ruoergai county and Jiuzhaigou County in Sichuan Province, and Pingwu County and Qingchuan County in Guangyuan City in the south. The mountains are undulating, and the whole basin, as far as the upstream is concerned, the Minshan mountain system, as far as the middle reaches are concerned, there are not many open areas along the Qinling Mountains and Bailong River, and most residents on steep slopes and cliffs are scattered in valleys or semi-slopes, with inconvenient transportation and difficult natural conditions. Because of this, simple folk dialects also have some characteristics. Bailong river basin

1.2 is a multi-ethnic area, with nearly 130 townships in the whole basin, and Tibetan townships account for 1/6 of the whole country. [1] According to the statistics of this bureau, the total population of Bailong River Basin in Gansu Province 1.08 million is about1.20 million, and there are about1.00 million people in Han Dynasty, accounting for nearly 1/65438 of the total population. There are Di nationality, Mongolian nationality and Hui nationality, but the number is small.

2。 Origin and language of residents

2. 1 Bailong River Basin has always been the main ethnic group of Qiang, Di and Tibetan minorities in Yuan Dynasty. After the Korean customs industry entered the river basin, the number was very small. In the Ming Dynasty, in order to consolidate the frontier and instill "foreigners", the government began a large-scale migration of Han people from China to the Bailong River Basin. In addition, in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Han nationality gradually became the main watershed. The refugee war reached its climax in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and a large number of Sichuan and Sichuan immigrants poured into the Bailong River basin. The second refugee climax occurred in Shaanxi, that is, during the Tongzhi Uprising in Huiqing, Gansu Province since 12, a large number of immigrants poured into the basin from Shaanxi. The former is because the agricultural economy was severely damaged in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, resulting in a large number of refugees. Due to the deep rivers and mountains, dense forests, tyranny and inexperience in military tactics, Bailong River attracted a large number of refugees, especially those in Sichuan and Hubei. It is widely circulated in Longnan that the ancestors said that the next step was taken by the acacia tree in Sichuan. Today, I saw some genealogical materials to prove that these allegations are true. The article Immigrants, a new knowledge of Huixian County, contains: For decades, people from Sichuan, Hubei and Hunan began to come, and the industry of reclaiming land from the sea declined, and the mountains no longer idle to compile lobbyists [2]. The Records of Xihe County contains: "Qingxian County, Shaanxi County and Shaanxi Business County have had many houses for a long time, so at the end of the Ming Dynasty, they were naturalized and killed more. [3] ",this is the mid-Qing Dynasty, Shaanxi, Shanxi refugees continue to flood into the region, especially in the sixties and seventies, a Muslim uprising broke out in Shaanxi. The chaos in Guanzhong was an unprecedented loss, and millions of displaced people were placed in foreign lands. Shaanxi Province, which was in decline, had a large population in Ming and Qing Dynasties. From the first year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1862) to Tongzhi in 65438 +00 (1874), the Hui uprising in Gansu failed. Author: Zhao Wenlin, such as the historical population of China [4] The current population of Shaanxi is 12023672 per square kilometer, increasing from 60 to 1874, with only 7756057 per square kilometer, a decrease of nearly 50,000 yuan. A large number of records show that Shaanxi and Shanxi entered the area. In a word, the residents of Bailong River Basin mainly come from Sichuan, Hubei, Shaanxi and Shanxi.

2.2 Residents closely related to the main body, Qiang and Tibetan languages in Bailong River Basin. The first advantage of large-scale migration of Han nationality in China is to stay in Bailong River basin. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Chinese has become the dominant language. China is at the continuous level of the river basin, and the first level is "Sichuan and Chongqing". It is conceivable that "the language and dialect of Zhongchuan dialect in the basin had a great influence in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. In the next few decades, the dominant dialects in Southwest Mandarin, Zhongchuan dialect and Bailong River basin will be the first. The original reservoir in the basin is relatively crowded and narrow. The second level is "Guanzhong, then Guanzhong", which is a diffuse impact and erodes the inherent advantages of the Sichuan dialect basin. In Chinese dialects, the Central Plains Mandarin and the Southwest Mandarin compete against each other, thus forming a modern Bailong River Chinese dialect with the Central Plains Mandarin as the mainstream and the Southwest Mandarin with obvious flowers.

3。 Grammar of Mandarin in Chinese Dialect in Bailong River Basin and Mandarin in Southwest China

3. 1 comparison method. Based on the geographical location of Bailong River Basin and the historical background of the residents, we think that this transitional dialect belongs to the basin Chinese dialect of Zhongyuan Mandarin and Southwest Mandarin. There are two levels here, the first is the degree and duration of synchronization in space. What do these two aspects have to do with combinatorial languages? This paper attempts to explore the characteristics of Chinese dialects in Bailong River Basin of Central Plains and Southwest China. We choose 15 dialect, which reflects the grammar of Chinese dialects in Bailong River basin, from upstream to downstream, in Dianga Town (county), Luoda Township, Fengdie Township, Chengguan Town and Dangchang Town of Hadapu Town in Zhouqu County.

Then to Xi 'an and Chengdu, which respectively represent the two poles of Southwest Mandarin, Xi 'an dialect and Chengdu dialect, the contrast of Central Plains Mandarin represented by the grammar and semantics of Chinese dialects in Bailong River basin, and the grammar contrast of Xi 'an dialect and Chengdu dialect. Then, according to the statistical data of relevant parties, the grammatical features of Bailong River Basin are close to or close to Southwest Mandarin. The grammatical materials of Bailongjiang Chinese dialect are the first-hand materials investigated by the author. The materials of An Dialect mainly come from Guanzhong Dialect Finance [5], Xi 'an Dialect Dictionary [6] by Wang, and An Dialect [7] edited by Huang Borong's Chinese Dialect Grammar. Chengdu, and then the materials are mainly based on Chengdu Dialect Grammar by Zhang Yizhou, Zhang Qingyuan and Deng Yingshu [8], Sichuan Dialect and Mandarin by Liang Deman [9] and Chengdu Dialect Grammar Compilation of Chinese Dialects.