What was the population of each country before the battle of Changping?

First of all, I am not interested in population and military issues, and I have no intention of writing about them. But if some comrades take pains to express doubts, it is better to discuss it.

1. About the population in the Warring States Period: In the middle and early period of the Warring States Period, there were mainly seven big countries, twelve small countries (the so-called "four merchants and twelve princes"), the Zhou royal family and some messy vassal states and foreign regimes. The seven great powers controlled more than three-quarters of the population of the whole region at that time, so if their population is included, the total population of China is almost the same. Among the seven countries, the order of population should be like this (taking 260 years before the battle of Changping as an example): Chu > Qin > Qi > Zhao > Wei > Han > Yan. As other online experts have long pointed out, population determines the strength of a country. In terms of population, Chu should be the strongest, but its territory is too vast, ethnic problems are particularly serious, and civil strife continues. Moreover, the characteristics of its main ethnic group are: brave but not tenacious, good at making quick decisions and not good at fighting protracted wars. Qin people are different. They have the tenacity of nomadic people. Nearly a thousand years later, Du Fu also said, "Men in China can face the toughest battles.". Because Sanjin is a "country of four wars", the individual combat effectiveness of the troops is even stronger than that of Qin Jun, but due to geographical, institutional, economic and other reasons, it has been frustrated repeatedly on the battlefield. ) I take Qi as an example, because on the one hand, it has its population data, on the other hand, its population figure is just among the seven countries. The main information in this respect comes from Su Qin, who told Qi Xuanwang that there are 70,000 households in Linzi, the capital of Qidu, with an average of at least three adult men in each household, so that Linzi City can produce 265,438+10,000 soldiers by itself. This sentence is enough to refute the fallacy of many "scholars" with ulterior motives at all times and in all countries. Qi Xuanwang can't help but know how many people are in his capital, can he? Since "there are at least three adult men in each household", there is no doubt that there are 8- 10 people in each household, not five people as some people say, plus men, women and children. I take the median of 9,7× 9 = 630,000 residents (one soldier in three people is scary enough. Now, Beijing can provide more than 4 million troops, exceeding the current size of the entire People's Liberation Army). There are more than 70 famous cities in Qi, among which Ju, Jimo, Yangcheng and Xue are all capitals of Qi. Sima Qian once personally went to the scene to investigate. During the Meng Changjun period, Xuecheng once accepted more than 60,000 immigrants, which shows its large scale. According to the old rules before the Spring and Autumn Period, the circumference of a big city is one-third of that of the capital, that of a medium-sized city is one-fifth of that of the capital, and that of the smallest city is one-ninth of that of the capital. Assuming that they are all squares, their area should be at least 8 1 of the capital. The area of a city is usually in direct proportion to the total number of its residents. So I think that in these 70 big cities, the population can't be below 1 10,000, otherwise it will still be a city. If "one fifth of the capital" is taken as the average, then its area and population should be one fifth of the capital. In the state of Qi, the number is about 25,000. In fact, during the Warring States period, it was very normal for ministers to expand the scale of their cities without authorization. So I can at least raise this number to 40,000, so I can work out that the minimum urban population is 4× 70 = 2.8 million. Together with Linzi City itself, it reached 3.4 million. Please note that this is only the total urban population of Qi, and most people still live in rural areas. Because there is no industrialization, handicrafts are not as developed as in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and cities lack employment opportunities, the proportion of urban and rural population is definitely much lower than the current 1: 3. Even if we take the modern 1: 3, the rural population of Qi will reach 3× 340 =10.2 million. Conclusion: The minimum population of Qi is 3.4 million+10.2 million =136,000. Even if the population of Chu and Qin is equal to that of Qi, the population of these three big countries alone can reach 3×13.6 million = 40.8 million. The combined population of all other countries should be at least half of this figure, that is, about 20 million people. I think I've tried my best to remove all the foam components. During the Changping War, the total population of China could not be less than 60 million. In fact, the population of China has almost always accounted for about a quarter of the world. At that time, the world population was close to 200 million. (According to edward gibbon, a British historian, in his masterpiece The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, it is estimated that after more than 200 years, the total population of the Roman Empire will reach1.200 million. So far, no one has questioned this. Plus the Middle East, India, ┉ ┉ ┉ ┉ ┉ ┉ ┉ ┉ ┉ ┉ ┉ ┉ ┉ ┉ ┉ ┉ ┉.

2. About the scale of the Warring States War: The Warring States Period lasted for 254 years, which is called the "War of 250". In fact, this is the longest, largest and bloodiest war in human history. Although its average intensity is not as good as the dispute between Chu and Han, its cost is much higher, hence the name "Warring States". Although various theories contend, none of them has established absolute superiority, let alone a decent universal religious belief. The monarchs of all countries are fearless and the whole people are morally bankrupt, so the war is particularly cruel. In fact, all national governments have evolved into war machines, all subordinate to and serving the war. But they can't send everyone to the battlefield. According to Sun Tzu's Art of War (I'm sorry to talk about it on paper), after a person goes out to war, at least 6 million people must participate in logistics work. (There are 700,000 people who spend hundreds of thousands of miles on expeditions, and the expenses of the people, the work of the public, the daily expenses of thousands, the internal and external turmoil, the inaction of the Tao. By the Warring States period, the efficiency of the government and social productivity had more than tripled, and the number of "700,000 households" could be reduced by at least half. The ratio of soldiers to civilians may be 65,438+0: 25. (Eight hundred years later, when Yang Di conquered Korea, there were * * *1133,800 officers and men of the whole army, nearly 4 million migrant workers, and more than 30 million people suffered in the rear, which can also be compared with this. In this way, the standing army of Qi should be: 1360000÷20 = 680000, which can be regarded as a veritable country (theoretical figure: 720000), and it can be doubled to more than one million in extreme cases, which is completely in line with the estimation of various data at that time. The population of Qin is slightly larger than that of Qi, and the population of Zhao is slightly smaller than that of Qi. It is no exaggeration that Qin Neng can mobilize 700,000 soldiers and 500,000 soldiers. When Qin Shihuang unified China, he sent 300,000 men to attack Xiongnu and 500,000 men to attack Baiyue. Together with dealing with the adherents of the six countries, Donghu and North Korea, the national strength should reach about 654.38+0.2 million. Even according to the "normal" military-civilian ratio of 1:25, the population of the whole country dropped sharply to 30 million, which shows the ferocity of Qin Jun. In fact, the high military-civilian ratio was one of the main reasons for the uncontrolled riots in Chen Sheng, so the military-civilian ratio at that time was probably much lower than 1:25. After Qin's death, Liu Bang spent more than ten years destroying his political enemies. Until Ying Bu was killed, the world was barely peaceful. The population of the early Western Han Dynasty was far less than that of the Qin Dynasty, not to mention the Warring States period. The peak of population statistics in the Western Han Dynasty is 59.8 million (the ratio of military and civilian is close to 1: 100, and the people live a very moist life). There are a little more in the Eastern Han Dynasty, but they are all the same as those in the Warring States. The population record of the Warring States period was not broken until the prosperous Tang Dynasty, which shows that our ancestors more than 2,000 years ago were really rich. If it weren't for the damn "250 War", everyone would live in peace, or one country, seven systems, among other things, our forest coverage rate would not be 8% by now, at least 40% (European and American average)! I have always believed that the Warring States and the Three Kingdoms can rank among the top three in China's list of the stupidest times. No wonder they didn't have Duke Zhou, Confucius and Laozi, only Zhuang Zhou, Monk, Gong Sunlong, Cao Cao and Zhuge Liang. The situation at that time was sad enough, and it was even more sad for future generations to worship such characters and deeds. Therefore, we can learn from history and don't let similar stupid things happen again and again. Our motherland can't stand a long time. In addition, I want to reiterate that Sima Qian had the right to speak more than anyone else in the battle of Changping. After all, his ancestor, General Sima Yi, was one of the chief culprits of this tragedy. (Sima Yi was later given to die with his old boss Tian Lei, and I will definitely talk about it later. ) In the Western Han Dynasty, where there was physical evidence in the battle of Changping, no one doubted his figures. Now, some people dare to doubt. Isn't this forgetting your ancestors? A nation with such advanced astronomy can't even count correctly. Some things can be doubted, but some things should not be doubted. Don't make Master Lu angry and shout in his grave, "Have China people lost confidence?"