Which countries are vying for American colonies? Please give a brief introduction, it can be directly used as a speech ~

The following is a standard speech about American colonial history, which only needs the landlord to modify the beginning and end slightly. Hope to adopt

Now, we must study the gradual development of American colonies in the past 50 years. /kloc-in the first half of the 0/7th century, many British people flooded into the United States. Legally speaking, the colony they settled in was an area established according to the charter and ruled by the king of England. But because Britain didn't have time to look west, they quickly learned autonomy. In the civil war, the British mainland was too busy to take care of itself and had to let them go their own way. Although Cromwell's regime claimed that Parliament was the highest authority in the English-speaking world, its decrees were never put into practice, but were swallowed up by the wave of restoring monarchy. 1660 years later, the British government has a clear new plan. In the following 50 years, successive British governments tried to implement the supremacy of the king in the American colonies and strengthen the power and protection of the royal family in other overseas territories, hoping to achieve fame and fortune. Britain set up some committees to deal with the United States, established new colonies in Carolina and Pennsylvania, and seized the new Netherlands from the Dutch. Britain has taken some measures to safeguard the kingship in these newly acquired areas. It also tried to abolish or restrict the concessions of the old colonies. All these made the conflict between Britain and the colonial parliament continue, and the colonial parliament was dissatisfied with the royal family's attempt to strengthen its rule over the colony. Most colonial parliaments are representative institutions of property owners, who demand the same rights, procedures and privileges as Westminster parliament. Many MPs have hated the king of England since childhood. Their ancestors preferred exile to submission to tyranny. They think they are also fighting for the problem that once turned the British Parliament against Strafford and Charles I. They oppose the interference of the British Trade and Colony Committee, because this interference directly infringes on the privileges guaranteed by the original colonial charter and rudely threatens their vested interests.

For a long time, the British Parliament has not participated in this conflict. The two sides of the struggle are the colonies determined to prevent American autonomy and the Privy Council ministers. 1682, the colonists asked the Privy Council to issue a charter to allow them to settle in the open area near the western border of Florida. The Privy Council rejected this request, saying that the royal policy "does not allow the establishment of any new colonies in America, nor does it grant any power that may promote the tendency of colonial independence". During the reign of James II, the tendency of the prince's office was strengthened. 1685, new york became a province of the royal family. According to France's practice in Canada, Britain incorporated some colonies in New England into the "New England Dominion", and its main excuse was the need to unite against France's expansion. However, this action was strongly resisted. /kloc-The British Revolution in 0/688 marked the disintegration of the "New England Dominion".

Britain's behavior is not entirely out of "selfish intentions." French imperialism gradually threatened the boundaries of British territory. The reforms implemented by Louis XIV's Prime Minister colbert greatly expanded the strength and wealth of France, and British politicians and businessmen faced a life-and-death competition at sea and in the world market. They saw that with the support of the centralized government, France's colonial and trade activities continued to develop. However, in the British Empire, the parliamentary parties fought fiercely, the colonial parliament was restless and a large number of committees were noisy. In this case, how can Britain eliminate the threat of France?

A very practical plan has come out. Trade between British colonies must be coordinated in London. One of the main goals of the plan is to promote the development of British merchant ships in order to provide reserve forces for ships and sailors in wartime. The whole scheme is based on navigation law. Colonial trade must only use British cargo ships, and these ships must use British crew to sail to British ports. The British government banned the colonies from trading with the outside world to ensure the development of British shipping. Moreover, the economic theory at that time also supported this action of stopping colonial autonomy. The prevailing view of trade at that time was based on the desire of self-sufficiency, economic nationalism or mercantilism. A country's wealth depends on its trade balance. Importing more than exporting means gold outflow and economic recession. To make the country prosperous, we must have rich natural resources. Colonies play a very important role in this respect. They must produce important raw materials, such as wood for the navy and provide a market for the growing British manufacturing industry. The British Empire must be a closed economic system. Colonial manufacturing should be restricted to avoid competition within the empire. Trade between colonies should also be strictly controlled. In short, this is the economic concept embodied in the legislative activities of17th century. In the above scheme, there is no room for the colonies to develop independently, but they can only be the raw material base and product market of Britain.

This plan was not strictly implemented, because in the seventeenth century, no government could enforce such laws thousands of miles away. The American colonial parliament complained bitterly, but it went its own way and skillfully got rid of the shackles of Westminster.

1688 The British Revolution changed the whole situation. Up to now, the colonies regard the British Parliament as an ally against the royal family, but once the Parliament defeats the royal family in the domestic constitutional struggle, it will attempt to override the American colonies. The conflict was postponed because of the Spanish throne war. Due to the long-term struggle with France on the European continent, the British government was forced to avoid major struggles in other regions. It wants to concentrate the power of English speakers to deal with the most important conflicts, so it has to give up all kinds of efforts to establish authority on the American continent. The Committee on Trade and Colonies was no longer nervous and basically let the colonies go their own way.

The spirit of harmonious coexistence that people yearn for is far from being realized for many reasons. From the British point of view and tradition, the colony is developing steadily. The American colonies are inhabited by a generation born there. They have been honed in the struggle with nature, and developed rapidly from the east coast to the vast west. They are determined to safeguard their rights and independence. The principles of the British revolution and the Whig Party's thought in the17th century are more influential in the United States than in Britain. Young and energetic Americans find that they are hindered by laws and regulations everywhere in the development of resources, so they hate all important measures taken according to the British position. On the other hand, although the colonists soon realized their potential and wealth, they did not organize themselves. Moreover, although they are instinctively loyal to their country and aware of the threat from France, they are as eager as Britain to avoid serious conflicts. They actively participated in the plan to conquer French Canada, but lacked organization. The expedition they launched in 17 1 1 failed. They were not only jealous of the British government, but also jealous of each other, so they soon fell into isolation in the quarrel.

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This situation runs through the whole period of walpole's administration, and he believes that conflicts must be avoided at all costs. But as time went on, the colonists pushed their luck. /kloc-in the mid-8th century, the colonial parliament violently attacked the authority of the imperial government, trying to become a parliament with autonomy, thus mastering the internal power of several colonies and getting rid of all restrictions and interference from London. There are countless struggles between the British appointed governor and the colonial legislature, and both sides have many complaints. The king regards overseas posts as a rare favor to his servants, while the British government regards overseas posts as a reward for its supporters. Therefore, in the ruling institutions of the whole colony, there is a smell of corruption in British social life. Governors, advisers, judges and other officials were all appointed by the king, but few people were chosen for the benefit of the colonists. A historian said, "The United States is a hospital in Great Britain, which houses corrupt parliamentarians and courtiers who have fallen out of favor." But this is by no means to say that all British officials belong to this type. Especially in the north, most governors are from colonial families, and the most capable officials in the colonial government also belong to this class. Inevitable struggles also took place among the colonies. Governors are in a particularly vulnerable position on financial issues. Their salaries were set by colonial parliaments, which usually did not support them. As the years passed, the confrontation between officials and parliament gradually deepened.

Great changes have taken place behind the quarrel about daily management. 1688 After the British Revolution, kingship was greatly restricted in Britain, but it was still respected in the United States. Although the colonial parliament tried to emulate Britain, it ran into a wall everywhere. They are restricted by the Charter or the Constitution, and special customs, various organizations and naval courts also exercise jurisdiction in the colonies. Although the British government tried to avoid public intervention, the situation got worse and worse. People still think that the United States was created for the economic interests of Britain. The American colonies provided naval supplies and tobacco, while the West Indies sent shiploads of sugar to British ports. However, the output and population of the United States are increasing. There are signs that these colonies will produce their own products and no longer provide a market for Britain. As early as 1699, the British Parliament enacted a law prohibiting the development of industry in the United States. In the United States, especially in New England, the economic situation is becoming increasingly tense. Americans can only sell their products to neighboring areas, or to the territories of Britain and other countries in the West Indies, in order to obtain the funds needed to import a large number of industrial products from Britain. This practice violates the provisions of the navigation law. The economic pressure from Britain is increasing year by year, and the colonial trade deficit appears. By the middle of17th century, the annual deficit reached more than 3 million pounds. Colonial businessmen can only raise enough cash by illegal means. The outflow of funds from the United States enabled Britain to pay in the future World War I.. London's financial community knows this very well, and so does Peter. We can still see from the Peter Monument in London City Hall how he revitalized trade through war during his administration. However, the United States has been seriously affected. Americans have neither a mint nor a unified currency, and the indiscriminate issuance of paper money quickly leads to devaluation, which leads to the deterioration of the situation. The instability of colonial credit made British businessmen complain.

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/kloc-At the beginning of the 8th century, the last of the thirteen colonies was born. James Oglethorpe, a philanthropist, painfully witnessed the terrible experience of debtors who were unable to repay their debts. After careful consideration, he came up with a way to let these people move to a new colony. He made a suggestion to the British government. 1732, the management Committee was established, which will manage the vast territory of southern South Carolina. The following year, the first settlement was established in Savannah. Some small manors have been opened there, and everyone can enjoy religious freedom except Catholics. The first batch of British debtors moved here, which made the oppressed in many parts of Europe yearn for a new life. A large number of Jews followed. Then Protestants from Salzburg, Moravians from Germany and highland residents from Skye also came. This multilingual place called Georgia soon attracted enthusiastic missionaries, and it was here that john wesley began his missionary activities.

The moral purity shown in the initial stage was soon defiled by secular quarrels. Many immigrants, like their parishioners in other colonies, coveted sugar and wine and longed for serfdom. The local managers were tired of their management work. They quarreled with the emerging businessmen in Savannah for a long time, and finally the colonial charter was cancelled. 1752, Georgia was ruled by the royal family. This colony later became the last British base on American territory. The number of British immigrants is getting smaller and smaller, but there are also new immigrants from other regions. As early as the end of17th century, refugees from Scotland and Ireland swarmed in, because their efforts in domestic industry and commerce were hit by the British Parliament Act, and they formed a powerful anti-British force in their new homeland. German immigrants kept coming to Pennsylvania and soon exceeded 200,000. Hard-working Huguenots also fled from France to escape religious persecution. There were also frequent population movements between colonies. As a result, the colonies with pleasant environment were connected and the population quickly doubled. The vast land extends westward, providing homes for the descendants of the first generation of colonists. Fertile land without owners has attracted countless families. In the activity of reclaiming virgin land, immigrants have broadened their horizons and become more adventurous. A healthy and independent society is forming its own life and culture under the influence and edification of the surrounding environment. The westward movement led by Germans in Pennsylvania and Northern Ireland began. In order to find new land, people climb mountains and go forward bravely. There are all kinds of people among them. On the western farms adjacent to Indian villages, there are strong pioneers and strong farmers, while in the New England colonies, there are blind and confident businessmen, lawyers and gentlemen, as well as descendants of businessmen. The existence of this varied society depends on the slaves sold by the north and the laborers captured from British towns, while in the south, it depends on more and more serfs shipped from Africa every year. In this process, Europe has experienced many events. Although most Americans may not have noticed these events, they have begun to affect the fate of the thirteen colonies.