Where is tall fescue mainly distributed?

Festuca arundinacea alias: Festuca arundinacea, Festuca arundinacea; Festuca arundinacea is a cool-season perennial tufted grass. In the geographical distribution of plants, it belongs to the north temperate distribution type and naturally distributes in the temperate zone of Eurasia. In Europe, in addition to Iceland, Greenland and the particularly cold areas in the northern part of the former Soviet Union, it is distributed all over Europe and can also be distributed in northern Africa (Tunisia, Morocco, etc. ) crossing the Mediterranean Sea south; In Asia, it is distributed from Transcaucasia in West Asia to Xinjiang in China and Siberia in the former Soviet Union. Europe is the most concentrated area of Festuca arundinacea, with the largest number and the most variation types. According to flora. EUROPAEA》Vol.5 was published in 1980. There are five subspecies of Festuca arundinacea, namely subspecies. Uechtriana (Wiesb。 )Hegi，subsp。 Atlantis (Saint Yves) subspecies of Okwir. (lag. )ar-can。 At the same time, France, Britain and other countries began to cultivate tall fescue as early as19th century, and Europe was also the first region to cultivate tall fescue. Therefore, it can be inferred that Europe is not only the distribution center and evolution center of tall fescue, but also the origin or origin center of cultivated tall fescue.

Festuca arundinacea is a broad-leaved tree species, which is widely distributed in wet grasslands in Europe. Tall plants, high forage and seed yield, wide adaptability to soil and management conditions, long utilization period, strong drought resistance and pest resistance, but poor forage quality and palatability. It was introduced to North America, South America and Oceania by European immigrants in the late19th century (around 1879). After planting forage in these areas, it was once poor palatability. It was not until the 1940s that Alta( 1940) was cultivated in Oregon and (1943) was cultivated in Kentucky, and the forage quality and palatability were improved before it was widely cultivated and utilized again. Especially after 1970s, R.C.Buckner and others in America used Loliumsp. As germplasm resources to improve the quality of tall fescue, Kenhy and Johnstone, new varieties of tall fescue with good palatability and low toxigenin (an alkaloid that inhibits the digestion rate of ruminants), have been successfully cultivated, which have not only been widely used, but also attracted wide attention from scientific and technological circles. At present, after long-term cultivation, breeding and improvement, Festuca arundinacea has cultivated more than 100 varieties suitable for different regions and uses around the world, becoming a world-famous cultivation pasture. In North America (United States, Canada), Europe (France, Britain, Finland, the former Soviet Union), Oceania (New Zealand, Australia), South America (Argentina) and Asia (Japan, China), pasture, lawn grass and soil and water conservation plants are planted in semi-arid areas with irrigation conditions, and the planting area in the United States alone has exceeded 6,544. The introduction and cultivation history of Festuca arundinacea in China is short. 1923 was introduced and cultivated in Northeast China for the first time, and now four cultivated varieties have been cultivated. In the classification of perennial cultivated grass species in China, Festuca arundinacea is listed as the dominant grass species in southwest China, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River (Huaihe River) and Huaihe River (Haihe River), and its planting area is expanding continuously.

Since 1970s, China has introduced some varieties of tall fescue from Australia, Netherlands, Canada and the United States and planted them in Beijing, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi and Xinjiang. They are generally adaptable and flourish, and can adapt to most warm temperate regions in northern China and subtropical regions in southern China. They are promising grass species for establishing artificial grassland and improving natural grassland in this area.