Characteristics of Thai vocabulary formation

Thai is an analytical isolated language, and its basic vocabulary is mostly monosyllabic words. Different tones can distinguish vocabulary and grammar. Synthesis and overlapping are widely used in word formation. Thai has absorbed a large number of Sanskrit, Pali and a considerable number of Mongolian, Khmer, Chinese, Malay and English vocabulary sources. At least 60% of Thai vocabulary comes from ancient Indian words-Sanskrit and Pali, most of which are political, philosophical, religious, artistic, psychological and abstract terms. With the spread of Brahmanism and Buddhism, most of them are completely copied, but for the convenience of pronunciation, it is many times more difficult to write Thai than to speak Thai. For example, the sound s has three characters in Thai because there are three s in Sanskrit. In Sanskrit, these three s represent different pronunciation parts. Sanskrit uses three different letters to represent these three s, but Thai pronunciation of the three s is exactly the same, while the font keeps the original appearance of Sanskrit-also represented by three different letters. So in Thai Pinyin, there are three possible letters that pronounce S, and this S is just a headache in Thai spelling. Besides Pinyin, the pronunciation of Thai is actually quite simple for Chinese, because quite a few words are very similar to the pronunciation of Minnan, especially for people who grew up in Taiwan Province Province, it often feels a bit like listening to Taiwanese or Hakka. However, Thai contains a large number of ancient Indian words, namely Sanskrit and Pali words, most of which are polysyllabic, and vowels have long and short sounds, as well as tongue rolling, tongue skipping, linking and ending caused by simplified syllables. To speak Thai clearly, the first is the tone, and the second is the long and short sounds, especially the consonant ending sounds that Chinese does not have. Sanskrit characters such as Ratha Thai: Rod, Megha Thai: Meg, Thai (Phasa), Thai (PhasaThai) and Thai (ksana Thai: Sana) are all in Sanskrit and Pali, and the official names of Thais are all in Pali, such as BirdThongchai. The wars and natural disasters in the past century have caused a large number of dialects from South China to enter Thailand with the tide of immigration. It is conservatively estimated that more than 5% of modern Thai10-/kloc-0 comes from Chinese, such as Gueiˊdiaoˊ, mian and jiao. With the spread of western culture to the east, there are more and more English loanwords, and most electrical and technical terms are transliterated directly, such as Fax (fax machine), Offi(Office office), Internet (network), Websai (website), Computer (computer), ice cream (ice cream) and fen (fans? Lover), overtime (OT = overtime), Chia (Come on? Cheer up) The number of ................................................................................. is increasing every day. As mentioned earlier, Thai spelling is more troublesome because there are 44 consonants, 32 vowels and 5 tones. It is said that Sanskrit is the most subtle and difficult language to learn in the world. The difficulty lies in the fineness of grammar, but spelling is not that difficult. Thai is really the same as Chinese: it can be said that there is no grammar, but the spelling is quite complicated. Therefore, if you reverse the operation and only learn to listen and speak first, Thai will become much easier. [1][ Edit this paragraph] Historical Thai belongs to phonological writing type. /kloc-The inscription of Langanheng in the 0/3rd century is the earliest and most complete Thai document found so far. According to the inscription, in 1283, Langanheng the Great of Sukhothai Dynasty created Thai characters. In fact, Thai is a transformation of Mongolian and Khmer, and later, through the reforms of past dynasties, modern Thai was formed. Modern Thai has 42 consonants and 32 vowels and symbols. Vowel letters can appear before and after consonants, and can also appear above and below consonants. There are four tone symbols, which are marked on the upper right of consonants, and the first tone is unmarked. Thai is written from left to right, generally without punctuation marks. [Edit this paragraph] belongs to Sino-Tibetan language family-Zhuang Dong language family-Zhuang Dai language family (otherwise it belongs to Dong Tai language family-Dong Tai language family). [Edit this paragraph] The status of many dialects in Thai is controversial in Thailand and Laos. Standard or Central Thai, spoken by 25 million people (1990), the official language of Thailand; Bangkok Thai can be regarded as one or an independent dialect of standard Thai. Holat, with 400,000 users (65,438+0,984), is used in Lohan, Thailand (where the air is poor). Northeast Thai (Ethan). The dialect of Ethan in Thailand is sometimes considered as a dialect of Lao. Number of users150,000 (1983). Northern Thai (Thai Yuan or Lanna) spoken by 6 million people (1983). Five million people (1990) speak Malay or Pattani. The number of users is 3 million (1998). Taishan Dam. It is used by 500,000 people in Vietnam. National Taiwan University, Vietnam or other areas125,000 people (1990). Phuan or Phu Thai has 400,000 users (65,438+0,993), mainly outside Thailand. Dai language (law). There are 78,000 users in Thailand (65,438+0,993) and about 250,000 to 654,380,000 users in China. Song. The number of users is about 20,000 to 30,000 (1982). Shan language is spoken by about 3 million people in Myanmar (1993). (Statistical data source: Ethnologue 2003- 10-4) Phonetic consonants Thai consonants? 2? 9 ? 2? 0 ? 2? 2 ? 2? 4 ? 2? 5 ? 2? 6 ? 2? 7 ? 2? 8 ? 2? 9 ? 2? 2 ? 2? 0 ? 2? 1 ? 2? 2 ? 2? 3 ? 2? 4 ? 2? 5 ? 2? 6 ? 2? 7 ? 2? 8 ? 2? 9 ? 2? 0 ? 2? 1 ? 2? 2 ? 2? 3 ? 2? 4 ? 2? 5 ? 2? 6 ? 2? 8 ? 2? 7 ? 2? 9 ? 2? 0 ? 2? 1 ? 2? 2 ? 2? 3 ? 2? 4 ? 2? 6 ? 2? 5 ? 2? 7 ? 2? 8 ? 2? 9 ? 2? 0 ? 2? 1 ? 2? 2 ? 2? 3 ? 2? There are three groups of voiced stops in Thai: unvoiced stops, unventilated stops and voiced stops. Most Chinese voiced stops are only against unventilated unvoiced sounds (such as the initials of "wave") and aspirated unvoiced sounds (such as the initials of "slope" [ph]), while Thai also has a set of unventilated voiced stops (such as against [p] and [ph]) [p], [t], [k] and [m]. 0? 7], [w] and [j] can be used as rhyme endings. Vowel? 2? 3? 2? 6 ? 2? 3? 2? 7 Thai vowels? 2? 3? 2? 8 ? 2? 3? 2? 0 ? 2? 3? 2? 1 ? 2? 3? 2? 2 ? 2? 3? 2? 3 ? 2? 3? 2? 4 ? 2? 3? 2? 5 ? 2? 2? 2? 3? 2? 6 ? 2? 2? 2? 3 ? 2? 3? 2? 3? 2? 6 ? 2? 3? 2? 3 ? 2? 2? 2? 3? 2? 8? 2? 6 ? 2? 2? 2? 3? 2? 8 ? 2? 2? 2? 3? 2? 0 ? 2? 2? 2? 3? 2? 1? 2? 6 ? 2? 2? 2? 3? 2? 3? 2? 6 ? 2? 2? 2? 3? 2? 3 ? 2? 4? 2? 3 ? 2? 6? 2? 3 ? 2? 5? 2? 3 ? 2? 3? 2? 9 Tone Five Tones: [33], [2 1], [45], [14], [4 1]. [Edit this paragraph] Vocabulary The basic vocabulary of Thai keyboard analysis is mostly monosyllabic. Absorbed a lot of Sanskrit and Pali vocabulary. Common greetings? 2? 0? 2? 7? 2? 7? 2? 0? 2? 8? 2? 1 hello? 2? 0? 2? 4? 2? 8? 2? 2? 2? 8? 2? 1? 2? 1? 2? 3? 2? 3? 2? How are you? 2? 2? 2? 0? 2? 3? 2? 8? 2? 1? 2? 1? 2? 1? 2? 0? 2? 6? 2? 8? 2? 1? 2? 3? 2? 5? 2? 1? 2? 6? 2? 7? 2? Nice to meet you? 2? 3? 2? 5? 2? 1? 2? 7? 2? 8? 2? 4? 2? 9? 2? 7? 2? 3? 2? 5? 2? 1? 2? 1? 2? See you later. The number will be quick. 2? 8? 2? 5? 2? 3? 2? 2? 2? 4 nung 1？ 2? 1? 2? 3? 2? 2? 2? 0? 2? 5 Song 2? 2? 0? 2? 3? 2? 5 sarm 3？ 2? 0? 2? 8? 2? 1 See 4? 2? 0? 2? 1? 2? 0 har 5？ 2? 1? 2? 1? 2? 8 hok 6？ 2? 1? 2? 9 jade 7? 2? 2? 2? 6? 2? 9? 2? 8 pad 8？ 2? 3? 2? 5? 2? 8 gow 9？ 2? 2? 2? 9? 2? 1? 2? 8 sip 10？ 2? 0? 2? 0? 2? 4 sip-et 1 1？ 2? 0? 2? 0? 2? 4? 2? 2? 2? 3? 2? 9? 2? 8 yee-sip 20？ 2? 2? 2? 1? 2? 0? 2? 0? 2? 0? 2? 4 yee-sip-et 2 1？ 2? 2? 2? 1? 2? 0? 2? 0? 2? 0? 2? 4? 2? 2? 2? 3? 2? 9? 2? 8 sarm-sip 30？ 2? 0? 2? 8? 2? 1? 2? 0? 2? 0? 2? 4 see-sip 40? 2? 0? 2? 1? 2? 0? 2? 0? 2? 0? 2? 4 har-sip 50？ 2? 1? 2? 1? 2? 8? 2? 0? 2? 0? 2? 4 hok-sip 60？ 2? 1? 2? 9? 2? 0? 2? 0? 2? 4 jet-sip 70？ 2? 2? 2? 6? 2? 9? 2? 8? 2? 0? 2? 0? 2? 4 pad-sip 80？ 2? 3? 2? 5? 2? 8? 2? 0? 2? 0? 2? 4 gow-sip 90？ 2? 2? 2? 9? 2? 1? 2? 8? 2? 0? 2? 0? 2? 4 Nong-Roy 100? 2? 3? 2? 1? 2? 3? 2? 2 agricultural plate 1, 000? 2? 8? 2? 7? 2? 3 nung-Sean100000? 2? 3? 2? 0? 2? 3 nung-rann 1，000，000？ 2? 5? 2? 1? 2? 8? 2? three