Textual research on Manchu Tian surname

The origin and development of Tian surname-

Tian is one of the most popular surnames in China, ranking 58th and 79th in Taiwan Province. There are many sources of Tian surname, the oldest of which is a branch of Gui surname. Gui surname is said to be a descendant of Shun. After the King of Wu destroyed the Shang Dynasty, in order to facilitate national governance and chase the descendants of the ancient holy king, Gui Man, surnamed Gui, was named Chen Hou. Chen, where he lives, is located in the east of Kaifeng City, Henan Province, in the north of Bo County, Anhui Province, and the capital is Wanqiu, which is today Huaiyang County, Zhoukou City, Henan Province. Guiman is also known as Hu Gongman and Chen Hugong. His descendants take Chen as their surname. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Chen Wan, the son of Chen Ligong, fled to the State of Qi to avoid disaster. He was named Yutian, and Chen Wan took the land as his surname and renamed it Tian, whose ancestor was Tian. This matter has been recorded in many historical books. For example, it is recorded in Tongzhi Guoshu Taking the Country as the Surname: "Tian's surname is Chen, and Chen Li's son is bi, the word Chen, killing his son in Kou, avoiding disasters and rushing to Qi, so his surname is Tian." Compilation of Surnames contains: "Gui's family, Hou Shun, the son of Chen Li, is loyal, or the name of Tian, …" Tongzhi Genealogy contains: "Tian is Chen, the son of Chen Li is loyal; Kill the prince in Kou, respect the clock for fear of disaster, and go home for the field. Chen has a close relationship with Tian. " "A Textual Research on Surnames" contains: "Chen Gongzi is in full swing, taking Chen as Tian's family, and Tian and Chen are close, so they can call each other and look out of Beiping." "New Tang Book Prime Minister's Genealogy" records: "When you are finished, you will rush to Qi, take the country as your surname, and gather food in the field for Tian. "

The earlier origin of another branch of Tian surname can be traced back to the legendary agricultural god Tian Zu. In Surname First Aid, it is recorded that Tianzu's descendants took Tian as their surname, but this statement lacks sufficient historical evidence.

Since Tian's name, it has developed very rapidly. In addition to Tian's own reproduction, the addition of other surnames and people of all ethnic groups for various reasons also promoted the development of Tian's surname. For example, The History of Jin records that the name of the Jurchen nationality was changed from Buha to Tian. After the establishment of the Jin Dynasty, due to the influence of Song Wenhua, Nuzhen began to change her surname to Han. At the beginning of the Jin Dynasty, Sejong and Zhang Zong explicitly prohibited the translation of Nuzhen into Han, and offenders made amends. However, this has not achieved much. Some people in the Jurchen royal family broke through the ban and changed their surnames to Han, which attracted people to follow suit. In the Jin Dynasty, dozens of Jurchen surnames were changed to Han surnames, and it was in this case that their surnames were changed to Tian surnames. During the first year of Song and Qing Dynasties, Shaoxing scholar and Ning Zongchao paid official homage to Liu Zheng, the left prime minister, who was expelled because of the "party ban on Qingyuan" and went to Shaoxing to live in seclusion. In the early years of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, his descendants took Tian as their surname. There is also a Tian surname, a descendant of Huang Zicheng, a minister in the early Ming Dynasty. After the Battle of Jingnan, Judy defeated Hui Di, and then slaughtered the ministers who advocated separatist regimes. Huang Zicheng died after being captured, and his son changed his surname to Tian, and his descendants took Tian as their surname; The Tian people of Tujia nationality have long existed in historical books, such as the Book of Southern Qi Dynasty. At present, Tian's surname among Tujia people with clear context is a Tujia surname in western Hunan. Gu Cai, a native of Wuxi, Jiangsu Province in the Qing Dynasty, said that Rong Mei was called Tian Shunnian. According to the historical records compiled by Tian Shunnian, such as History of Yuan Dynasty and Draft of Qing Dynasty, some scholars trace back to Tian Ganlin, Tian Chuchan, Tian, Tian Jiulong, Tian Shijue, Tian Xiu, Tian Chaomei, Tian Shenggui, Tian Guangbao and Tian Chuchan in turn from Tian Shunnian. There are also many Tian surnames among the aborigines in Taiwan Province Province, and there are many sources of Nakata surnames among the aborigines in Taiwan Province Province, one of which is quite special. According to Taiwan Province China Times, an old tattooed man's name is Tian, and his father's name is Nissaka Wumao, not Tian. When Japan invaded Taiwan Province Province, a large number of high mountain aborigines were forcibly relocated, and Tian's father was also forced to move down the mountain at that time, and was given the Japanese name "Caitian Sanduo" when the household registration personnel registered their names. His father told the household registration personnel that they liked farming, so they were registered as Tian's surname, and Jing was registered as "Tian Sanduo" because of the large number of people, money and land.

In addition, many other ethnic minorities also have Tian surnames. For example, Tian surnames in Bingzhou in Han Dynasty came from Xiongnu, Tian surnames in Xixia in Song Dynasty and Tian surnames in Ming Dynasty were given to Yuan people. In the Qing Dynasty, Manchu surnames "Han Chu Ha ha" and "Tian Jia" were changed to Tian surname, which was found in Bai, Tibetan, Korean and Wa ethnic minorities. Tian is one of the Miao people who call themselves "Mengdou" and now lives in Lijiang County, Yunnan Province. Among the Baima people living in Baima Township, Baima Road, Pingwu County, Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, there is a Tian, and the famous singer Tian Zhen is a Yao. There are also Tian surnames among the Hui people.

In Song Dynasty, Tian Lansheng became an official in Hainan. After his son Tian Tianchi was promoted, he was named Qiongshan Yin, and his father and son settled in Qiongshan.

During the Jian Yan period of the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D.1127-1130), a family of Tianjiazhuang, Chenliu County, Kaifeng Prefecture, Henan Province went south with the driver, and after a long journey, they settled in Tianle Township (now Huan Tan Village, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province). Now 80% of the population in the village are fields. Later, this family also produced many famous people, such as Tian Lin, the imperial historian of Yunnan Road in Nanjing in the Ming Dynasty, Tian Xuanlai, a magistrate of Chengdu, and Tian Zenglong, a professor and bird expert at Taiwan Province Provincial University in the Qing Dynasty. The Tian family also moved to all parts of the motherland with these people who went out. There is also a Tian surname in Daoyuan Bridge, Yuxiang Town, Xiaoshan District. He is a descendant of Liu Zheng who entered Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty. Liu Zheng lived in seclusion in Shaoxing, and his descendants Liu Bocheng and Liu Yuming moved from Shaoxing to Xiaoshan Daoyuan Bridge in the early years of Hongwu. During this period, a Tian family in Yanmen also went south and settled in Yongkang City, Zhejiang Province today.

In the early Ming Dynasty, many areas in the north were deserted because of years of war, so the Ming government moved people from other areas to these areas, forming a peak of population flow, and Tian people also moved in on a large scale. According to the "Handan Tian Family Tree" compiled in the 28th year of Guangxu reign of Qing Dynasty, the Tian family in Handan was originally from Hongdong County, Pingyang, Shanxi Province, and moved to Handan during Yongle reign of Ming Dynasty.

In the Ming Dynasty, there was not only a large-scale population movement in the north, but also frequent migration in the south according to official arrangements. At present, there is a Shuitian village in Xiangxi. Tian is the most popular name in this village. Originally located in Baishuixia Village under the jurisdiction of Tongren in eastern Guizhou. Under the order of the government, its founding ancestors moved to rice fields during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty.

During the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty, three Tianjia brothers from Chopsticks Lane (now Nanchang City) in Jiangxi moved to Huangpi, Hubei Province today, and this Tianjia was the leading scientist later.

In the Qing Dynasty, many Manchu surnames were changed to Han surnames, and Tian Jiashi in Manchu surnames was changed to Tian surnames. Tian surname in Manchu migrated to various places with the acquisition of state power in Manchu, and Tian surnames in Shenyang, Hohhot and other places were mostly descendants of Tian family. At the beginning of the 9th century, Tian moved to the north of China, and the famous "Tianjia Shaoguo" in Harbin history was founded by the relocated Tian.

When it comes to population migration in the south, Zhuji Lane in Nanxiong, Guangdong cannot but be involved. Nanxiong Zhuji Lane is called "Sang Zi Township 700 years ago". Nowadays, more than 100 surnames in the Pearl River Delta region are closely related to it. Many people come here to find their roots. Due to its special geographical location, Zhuji Lane has been regarded as a post station by many people who moved south since the Tang and Song Dynasties.

Many Tian people migrated to Taiwan Province Province in Qing Dynasty. According to the records of Pingtung County, Taiwan Province Province, "The original Biyun Temple in Ryukyu Township was named Guanyin Pavilion, which was founded by Tian Shen in the first year of Qianlong (A.D. 1736). Most of Imamura's surnames are descendants. " In the eighth year of Qianlong, there was a field in Fujian, and Tongxiaozhuang in Miaolibao, Taiwan was recovered.

In the Qing dynasty, Tian people also began to migrate overseas. Especially after the Opium War, China became semi-feudal and semi-colonial, and the people lived in poverty. Many people cross the ocean to make a living in foreign countries. In order to safeguard their rights and interests, these overseas Chinese have established many Chinese communities with blood ties, geography and industry ties. The five surnames of Chinese in the Philippines, Tian, Hu, Yao, Yu and Chen, established the Guitang General Association on 1908.

After the Second World War, the number of people living abroad in China increased. For example, Tai Po, the owner of a business firm in Bagong, Thailand, and his wife Tian immigrated from Tai Po, a mountainous county in Meizhou, eastern Guangdong after World War II. Nowadays, with the continuous strengthening of China's opening to the outside world, Tian people are going to the world more and more widely.