Immigrants who perished in the Southern Song Dynasty

It seems that both Nanming and Southern Song Dynasties were partial regimes, and both faced foreign invasion. However, the two cannot be mentioned in the same breath. There may not be much difference between the two systems in time and place. Only people live in harmony with each other, which is almost a world apart. The reason why the Southern Song Dynasty lasted for a hundred years, while the reason why Nanming destroyed the country in 20 years, was only rooted in the word "harmony between people". Let's talk about the difference between "cultivating scholars" in the Song Dynasty and "cultivating scholars" in the Ming Dynasty.

The "cultivation of scholars" in Song Dynasty is the real "cultivation of scholars". The Song Dynasty was indeed the richest dynasty in China's history, but no matter how high the fiscal revenue was, the country still had no money, and the problem of "three redundancies" has been puzzling the Song Dynasty. At the same time, the "scholar-bureaucrat" class ushered in its golden age.

The Song Dynasty was really good to the "scholar-officials" class. Some netizens verified that Bao Zheng's annual salary was Kaifeng Yin Fu, and they were surprised to find that Kaifeng Yin Fu's annual salary was over one million. Although the algorithm may not be completely reasonable, there is no doubt that there are many officials and high salaries in the Song Dynasty, which exceeds those in previous dynasties. In addition to high salaries, the Song Dynasty was very tolerant of criminal scholar-officials, and at most it was only demoted. There are few murders.

The Song Dynasty also gave great preferential treatment to those intellectuals who had no official positions. There was a Song Dynasty that respected literati the most. As long as you have literary talent, there will be a market. Even if there is no official position, there will be private markets, such as Liu Yong. Although it's not so good in officialdom, it's still very popular in the market, not to mention Su Shi. Even if he is demoted, he will not lose heart.

For foot soldiers and generals, although the Song Dynasty valued literature over martial arts, the salary was not bad at all. Although the generals have no chance to make contributions, they have no worries about food and clothing. For example, in the Water Margin, Lin Chong is just a gun and stick coach, and his life is very moist.

As for the people, the Song Dynasty was the dynasty with the largest number of peasant uprisings, but it was also the smallest dynasty. Even the threat of the Fang La uprising is very limited. The life of ordinary people is not rich, but it is not impossible to live.

The national environment of the Song Dynasty met the needs of almost everyone. The nomads from the army came, the literati generals lost their salaries, the literati could not live a happy life, and the people were in danger. Therefore, it is necessary to protect the Song Dynasty against Jin.

Confrontation situation map of Song and Jin Dynasties

In the Ming dynasty, it was in the name of cultivating scholars, but it was true to destroy them. However, under the background of Zhu Yuanzhang's stereotyped writing, the creativity and wisdom of the literati class were stifled and turned into tools of the imperial court, which became pedantic and ridiculous. This era has also seen the literary inquisition. The literati became silent and became pets in cages. It seems that the imperial court with a large number of talents has become lifeless and the whole country has become closed and conservative. People, like machines, travel on the route planned by the imperial court without deviation.

In the high-pressure political environment, intellectuals have lost their vitality, and so has the country. Until the 23rd year of Wanli, Lindong College was established again. As a new intellectual represented by Gu Xiancheng, he began to try to change this era, so he wrote an excellent couplet, The Sound of Reading in the Storm. Family affairs, state affairs, what's going on in the world, everything is concerned. "The re-establishment of Donglin Academy broke through the ideological imprisonment in the late Ming Dynasty and started a new attempt. Later, the Lindong Party was founded.

From the establishment of Donglin Academy to the appearance of Lindong party member, it can be said that it is a great counterattack of intellectuals. This counterattack did not change the situation, but made it more chaotic. This runs counter to Gu Xiancheng's original intention of establishing Donglin Academy.