Why are Argentine football players not tall?

Where do Indians come from? Is it native to America or migrated from other continents? If it is foreign, when, where and how did it migrate? Who is its ancestor?

In the past century, the development of archaeology, paleoanthropology and paleontology has provided a lot of information for studying the origin of American Indians. 65438-0875, the International Congress of American Ethnographers was held in Nancy, France. Since then, the study of human origin in the United States has become rigorous and scientific. Scholars put forward various hypotheses, which can be summarized into two categories: one is "nativism"; The second is "migration theory".

A large number of scholars agree with the "transfer theory". According to this theory, Indians are not natives but immigrants. As for where and how to migrate, there are different opinions, forming the so-called "single origin theory" and "multi-origin theory" Among the latter, there are so-called "Asian immigration theory" and "Oceania immigration theory" and so on.

The "Asian Migration Theory" holds that ancient Americans were derived from the collateral races of the Mongols or the races before the Mongols, and came to America through the Bering Strait in ancient times. The main basis of this statement is that Indians and Asians are more similar in racial characteristics than any other ethnic group. For example, hair is generally black, thick and straight, and it grows vigorously; Hair on the body and face is sparse; Face width; The cheekbones are high and prominent; The nose is of medium height; Eyes are generally black or chestnut. Scholars of this school generally agree, but they disagree on when and how to immigrate to the United States.

There are still some doubts about the "Asian immigration theory". One of the questions is: Why do they cross the ice to endure the hardships of Alaska when there are still large areas of uninhabited land in Asia? The second question is: before Europeans arrived in the United States, how could few immigrants survive the long journey and grow to 40 million?

In the "Asian Migration Theory", some scholars further pointed out that the ancestors of the American continent may be "Zhoukoudian people" in Beijing; Mr. Liu Yaohan, an internationally renowned Yi culturist, asserted that the founders of Mayan culture and Inca culture were of the same origin as the Yi people in China. An important basis for this statement is that the ancestors of the Yi people created the "October solar calendar" with a history of more than 2,000 years and the even older "October calendar" with a history of about tens of thousands of years. The Inca Empire, an ancient civilization in South America, also had these two calendars. Today, the Yi people in China mainly live in the Jinsha River valley in the southwest, but originated from the Dongyi people who lived in the eastern coast in ancient times.

"Oceania Migration Theory" does not deny the hypothesis of emigration from Asia, but thinks that some Oceania people (mainly Polynesians, Maori and Australians) may have flowed into South America in ancient times.

"Oceania Migration Theory" was put forward in the 1940s. The main reason is that there are many similarities and some differences between Indians and Mongols in racial characteristics, especially among Indians in South America. The reasons for these differences are not only the influence of American environment and long-term racial evolution, but also the influence of Oceania people. It is believed that ancient human fossils found in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador are related to Oceania in the same characteristics. It is characterized by short stature, elongated skull, prominent chin, flat face and skull, high cheekbones and prominent arch eyebrows. There are also psychological, cultural and linguistic similarities. In ancient Hindi, hundreds of words are thought to come from Oceania, such as night watchman, axe, warrior, old man or father. These Australasian dialects are widely used in Argentina, Chile, Peru and Ecuador now and in ancient times.

How did Oceania people reach America? The popular saying is: With the current and sea breeze in the Pacific Ocean, you can sail downstream in two canoes tied together, and you can sail seven or eight miles per hour.

Many scholars have not completely denied this statement, but there are also voices of doubt. Language similarity may just be accidental coincidence. Oceania people can't have such strong sailing ability. The current and sea breeze in the Pacific Ocean are not only beneficial but also unfavorable for them to reach America. As for the similarity in ethnic characteristics, it does exist, but these ancient American fossils are more likely to be an Asian Mongolian 6.5438+0.5 million years ago. Some indigenous people in South America are very different from the Mongols, which may be due to the fact that the ancient Indians in South America left Asia earlier than those in North America.

In addition, there are so-called "polar migration theory" and "Mediterranean migration theory".

The origin of American human beings is still under study and debate. "nativism" has basically been denied. At present, the theory of "Asian immigrants" is dominant, which has been accepted by many scholars and become the most common statement. The "Oceania Migration Theory" has not been put forward for a long time, and this possibility cannot be completely ruled out, but many problems need further scientific explanation.

Because Indians are basically considered to be of the same origin as East Asians, the origin of Indians is interesting.