Introduction Canada

Canada is located in the northern part of North America, covering an area of 9.9 million square kilometers, and is the second largest country in the world after Russia. The population is more than 30 million, of which 70% live in the southern region near the United States, with the most concentrated population in the east and west. Canada is a multi-ethnic country and encourages the development of multiculturalism. Ethnic composition is mainly British and French, with British accounting for 40% and French residents accounting for 27%. The population of China currently accounts for 4% of the total Canadian population. Canada became a member of the Commonwealth in 193 1. Canada is a bilingual country, and the official languages are English and French. Ottawa, the capital of Canada, is the national political and cultural center, located at the junction of Ontario and Quebec. The three major cities in Canada are Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Canada has been rated as the most livable country in the world by the United Nations for many times.

Natural environment and climate

Canada is located in the northern temperate zone, with four distinct seasons, and the climate varies greatly across the country. If it is in the daytime in July and August, summer clothes are enough, but the temperature difference between day and night in Canada is very large, and it is cold in the morning and evening. You should prepare a coat. In Canada in summer, the sun sets very late. Daylight saving time is practiced in most parts of Canada, from 2 am on the first Sunday in April to 2 am on the last Sunday in June. 10. By about 9 pm, the sun had not set. The Arctic Circle in northern Canada also has extreme sunlight. When traveling to Canada in spring and autumn, you should prepare sweaters to wear in spring and autumn. When traveling to Canada in winter, you must prepare a full set of cold-proof clothes and wear non-slip shoes in winter.

Canada is a vast country, so the climate in different regions is different. Clothing that matches the destination should be prepared. In Pacific coastal areas, such as Vancouver and Victoria, the climate is mild due to the influence of maritime climate. However, the temperature difference between day and night is large, and the temperature begins to drop in the evening. So you must also prepare your coat in summer. Autumn comes faster here. It's not too cold in winter, but prepare rain gear, because it often rains here in winter. Canada's Upper Rockies, such as Banff National Park, have a mountainous climate. Cold in winter, cool in summer, strong ultraviolet rays. So, don't forget to wear anti-ultraviolet sunglasses. Prepare thick cold-proof clothes in winter. The central plains and the Great Lakes regions, such as Calgary, Toronto and Niagara Falls, have a continental climate, with high temperature and humidity in summer, but on cloudy days, you will feel chilly. So, you should prepare a long-sleeved coat. In winter, thick coats, hats, gloves, boots, etc. Should be prepared to take cold protection measures; Eastern and Atlantic coastal areas, such as Montreal and Quebec City, are cool in summer and cold in winter. So when you go to these places, you must be prepared for the cold.

Canada's national and all levels of government.

Canada has three levels of government system, namely, federal government, provincial or regional government and municipal government. The responsibilities of the federal government include national defense, inter-provincial and international trade, immigration, financial and monetary system, criminal law and fisheries.

Canada implements parliamentary accountability in its administrative system. The federal government includes the Governor, the Privy Council, the Prime Minister and the Cabinet. Canada is one of the Commonwealth countries, and the Queen of England is the nominal national leader. The Governor-General of Canada is the representative of the nominal leader, appointed by the Queen of England on the proposal of the Prime Minister. The duties of the Governor-General of Canada include: convening or dissolving Parliament, presiding over the inauguration ceremony of the Prime Minister, the Supreme Court, the Cabinet and the Privy Council, and commanding the three armed forces. Within the federal government, elected officials form the main decision-making body, that is, the Cabinet of Ministers under the leadership of the Prime Minister. The federal government leads the democratic government of the country through consultation with other elected officials, provincial and municipal representatives and the Canadian people. The primary responsibility of the federal government is to ensure and support the operation of the national economy. In addition, he is also responsible for: national defense, commerce and trade between provinces, immigration, banking and monetary system, criminal law and fisheries. The federal government also regulates some industries, such as aviation, shipping, railways, telecommunications and atomic energy.

The organizational structure of provincial and regional governments is similar to that of the federal government. Elected by voters, they are responsible for education, property and civil rights, judicial trial, hospital system, natural resources, social security, health care and municipal institutions in their respective regions.

The municipal government is elected by voters and is mainly responsible for public utilities such as municipal construction, business license and garbage disposal.

Economic situation in Canada

Canada, with a population of 30 million, has a GDP of 957.9 billion Canadian dollars from 65438 to 0999, making it one of the world's economic powers. As a member of the Group of Eight industrialized countries, Canada has an enviable quality of life, perfect infrastructure and high-quality skilled labor, which makes it a successful trading country in the world. Canada is one of the eight western countries, and its industrial production automation, electrification and modernization level are in a leading position in the world. Agricultural production is also highly specialized, commercialized and modernized. Canada has advanced level in telecommunications, microwave, satellite and optical fiber communication, and is in the leading position in aerospace, microelectronics industry, medicine and biotechnology. The transportation in Canada is very convenient, with 654.38 million kilometers of railways, 730,000 kilometers of expressways, 600 large airports and 900 airlines traveling to and from all parts of Canada.

Trade between Canada and China.

Canada is a long-term friendly friend and trading partner of China. Dr Bethune, a famous international friend, comes from Ontario, Canada. Canadian companies provide important market opportunities for the China market. For China investors or businessmen, the most effective business opportunities are ten industries, namely agriculture, food, fisheries and related industries; Building products and services; Education and training services; Electricity; Environmental protection; Forestry, pulp and paper making; Information technology and communication; Natural resources; Transportation industry; Medicine and biotechnology.

social welfare

Canada's generous social welfare is universally recognized. All children enjoy 12 years of compulsory free education, and children from birth to 16 years old can enjoy milk subsidies. Low-income people, the unemployed, the disabled and the elderly all enjoy different kinds of welfare programs. In addition, all Canadian residents can enjoy the public medical welfare plan.

Free education for children

As long as children are 5 to 19 years old, they can enjoy free education from primary school to high school graduation.

Child welfare fund

The federal government of Canada provides child welfare funds (commonly known as milk money) for all children under the age of 18. How much depends on the income of each family.

Basic welfare subsidies for the elderly

All elderly people over 65 with low or no income can apply for this basic income subsidy.

Pension plan

Pension plan is a kind of insurance. Beneficiaries must pay a certain amount to the plan during their working life, and they will benefit monthly after retirement. The amount of allowance depends on the amount paid by the beneficiary.

Unemployment relief insurance

If you have worked for a certain period of time and paid unemployment relief insurance premium, you can apply for unemployment relief insurance when you are unemployed, and you can also participate in some employment retraining programs for free.

Long-term unemployment relief

Give those who have been unemployed for a long time basic living expenses such as food, shelter, fuel (gasoline, gas), clothes, medicine, etc.

injury allowance/compensation

Canada provides financial, medical and rehabilitation subsidies to injured workers. The applicant may submit an application to the relevant government departments with the medical examination report and work-related injury certificate.

Public health care plan

Canada has the most complete medical and health system in the world. Basically, every community has good hospitals or clinics. After participating in this insurance plan, you can get free medical services, including medical expenses, various laboratory tests, examinations, surgical expenses (hospitalization expenses, meals, nursing expenses), etc., all of which are borne by the government. You only need to bear the medical expenses yourself, and low-income people can also apply for subsidies or free medical expenses.

Canadian education system

Canada has ten provinces and three regions. Free primary and secondary education is provided all over Canada. Primary education pays attention to educating students to actively participate in learning, and the admission conditions are simple, mainly according to the residence and age distribution of students. For the children of new immigrants, the school will also arrange English as a second language (ESL) courses. The primary school curriculum is arranged according to the instructions of the provincial education department, and the school attaches importance to students' academic performance as much as their life skills. I hope the students will develop in a balanced way; Secondary education in Canada is generally six years. You only need to complete 30 credits and attend classes for 1 10 hours per credit, and you can get the technical secondary school diploma. The subjects of elementary courses are the same, while the subjects of advanced courses are more flexible and the subjects to be studied will be different. The school has student counselors to help students plan their future. The school also organizes various community activities to enable students to develop in all aspects. Generally speaking, students who complete primary and secondary education in 12 and pass the provincial examination are eligible to go to university.

Higher education in Canada consists of universities and colleges or junior colleges. University graduates can get degrees, and college graduates can get diplomas. Generally, universities need three to five years, and junior college or junior college only needs two to three years. In addition, many majors, such as medicine, law and dentistry, require students to complete a bachelor's degree before entering school. Moreover, many universities and colleges in Canada have agreements that students' grades can be transferred to peer universities to study for bachelor's degrees, so that they can get both a degree and a diploma when they graduate.

The quality of teaching and scientific research in Canadian universities has a long-standing reputation in the world. Most universities mainly rely on public funding, but no matter where they are located, all universities maintain high quality in all disciplines. There are about one hundred universities in Canada.

There are hundreds of community colleges in Canada. They are members of the Canadian Association of Community Colleges and use various official names, including "College", "University College" and "College of General and Vocational Education". Canadian colleges belong to 13 education management system (including 10 province and three regions), but all these colleges have a main responsibility, which is to meet the training needs of industrial and commercial and public service departments and the educational needs of vocational middle school graduates and adults. Some technical and vocational colleges are privately owned and operated, and their main purpose is to let students enter the job market through a period of intensive study.

Major city

Toronto city

Canada's largest city, the capital of Ontario, has a population of more than 4 million and a large urban area. Toronto is the economic, cultural and financial center of Canada, and its industry, commerce and banking are very developed, so it can be described as the headquarters of Canada's banks. The stock exchange is also very prosperous, with the largest stock exchange market in China. One of Toronto's landmark buildings is the city hall, also known as the multi-person multi-city hall. Its semicircular vertical structure is very unique. The second landmark is the Canadian National Television Tower in Toronto. Seen from above, the scenery of Lake Ontario and the city is unobstructed and pleasing to the eye.

Montreal city

Located at the intersection of the Ottawa River and the St. Lawrence River, it is the second largest city in Canada with a population of about 3 million. As the largest city in Quebec, Montreal is mainly French-speaking, which embodies the unique French cultural heritage and is known as the romantic city of North America. It is also one of the oldest cities in Canada. Throughout the city panorama, churches of all sizes and styles constitute a striking cultural spectacle. St Joseph's Cathedral, which stands on the hill, and Notre Dame in the old town of Montreal are both must-see attractions for tourists.

Vancouver city

Located in the southwest of British Columbia, it is the largest city in the province and the third largest city in Canada with a population of about 2 million. Due to the special surrounding geographical environment, the city has formed comfortable climatic conditions with warm winter and cool summer and pleasant seasons, making it the best city in Canada. Vancouver's superior geographical location and natural conditions also make it the largest port and international trade center on the west coast of Canada. Vancouver is also the cultural center of Canada's west coast. University of British Columbia (UBC) and Simon. Simon Fraser University is two famous institutions of higher learning in this city. In addition, the Queen Elizabeth Theatre and the Anthropology Museum of the University of British Columbia are also famous cultural sites. There are many parks in Vancouver. There are more than 100 parks in this city, among which Stanley Park is the most famous natural park. Totem column symbolizing North American Indian culture is an important landscape of Stanley Park.

Victoria city

It is the capital of British Columbia, located at the southern tip of vancouver island. The whole city of Victoria is permeated with elegant British customs, and the buildings in19th century reflect the influence of British culture here. The world-famous Baotui Garden is in this city.

Ottawa city

The capital and political and cultural center of Canada. Ottawa is inferior to Toronto, Vancouver and Montreal in terms of city size and international popularity. However, its unique cultural personality, beautiful city scenery and leisurely life make Ottawa not only loved by the Canadian people, but also become one of the cities that people all over the world yearn for to travel.

Calgary city

Located in the south of Alberta, at the foot of the Rocky Mountain, it is a new oil industrial city.