The First Immigrant in China's History

For the first time in the history of our country, I think 1. After the establishment of the Western Jin Dynasty during the "Yongjia funeral" period, Sima Yan made all the children of Sima family king, sharing taxes equally, and some of them even commanded the Central Army. Jin Huidi, the heir of Emperor Wu, is an idiot. The struggle for power and profit between the Empress Dowager and the Empress Dowager triggered a scuffle between eight princes (Wang Runan Liang, Wei, Zhao, Changsha Wangwa, Hejian Wang, Yue and Chengdu) for the throne of 16 (AD 29 1-306). This gave ethnic minorities the opportunity to invade the Central Plains. In the fifth year of Yongjia with Emperor Huai (AD 3 1 1), the Xiongnu captured Luoyang, captured Emperor Huai, burned and killed soldiers, killed more than 30,000 nobles and gentry, crossed the Jin Dynasty to the south, and the Western Jin Dynasty perished, which is called "Yongjia Rebellion" in history. Under the double oppression of class and nationality, the people of the Central Plains crossed the Huaihe River to the south, resulting in the first large-scale population migration in the history of China. With the establishment of the Eastern Jin regime in the south, the population of the north migrated to the south on a larger scale. By the early years of Liu and Song Dynasties, the population had reached nearly 300,000, reaching more than 900,000, accounting for 1/6 of the total population in the south at that time. A large number of refugees poured into Bashu area, and a large number of Bashu indigenous people fled to Jing and Xiang areas. "There are more than 100,000 refugees in Jingzhou" has injected new vitality into the south, promoted the transformation of extensive agricultural production mode of "boiling water" in the south of the Yangtze River to intensive agricultural production mode, and improved grain output and land utilization rate. The population migration in Yongjia period of Western Jin Dynasty was cruel exploitation and oppression of people of all ethnic groups by corrupt rulers, which displaced people in the Yellow River basin and forced them to migrate to Jianghuai basin on a large scale (mainly to Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Sichuan and other places). Since the Qin and Han dynasties, the population distribution pattern of the north with a large population and the south with a small population began to change, and the population of the south increased rapidly, which promoted the rapid economic development of the south. This is a landmark event that the population distribution center of China has shifted to the Yangtze River basin. 2. The second climax of the migration of Central Plains population to the south during the "Anshi Rebellion" period occurred after the Anshi Rebellion in Tang Dynasty. The Sui and Tang Dynasties were the heyday of China's feudal society, but in the 14th year of Tianbao (755), An Lushan, both ambassadors of the three towns, and his partner Shi Siming launched a rebellion, and the Yellow River basin was seriously damaged again. While preparing for emptiness in the Tang Dynasty, ethnic minorities galloped across the Central Plains and moved in in large numbers. During the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, ethnic minorities and local separatist forces fought for power and profit, and people lost their lives and their homes were destroyed. They had to leave their homes and seek a place to live in the relatively stable south far from the political center. This is another large-scale population migration period in the history of our country. According to the estimation of Professor Hu Huanyong, a geographer in China, the second large-scale population migration in China caused by the Anshi Rebellion fundamentally changed the distribution pattern of China's population, making the southern population surpass the northern population for the first time, and the center of China's population geographical division shifted from the Yellow River basin to the Yangtze River basin for the first time. In this great migration in the Tang Dynasty, about 6.5438+0 million people moved south, which fundamentally changed the pattern that China's population distribution was concentrated in the Yellow River basin, and made the proportion of population distribution between the north and the south of China reach a balance for the first time. 3. 1 125 During the "Jingkang Rebellion", Jin destroyed Liao and began to attack the Northern Song Dynasty southward, and the Yellow River Basin became the main battlefield. The Jingkang Rebellion in the Northern Song Dynasty and the southward crossing in 1 127 led to the third climax of population migration in China. The policy of valuing literature over martial arts in the Northern Song Dynasty made the society lurk the crisis of "accumulating poverty and weakness", and a few regimes such as Liao, Xia and Jin were eyeing the Central Plains. In the second year of Qin Zongjingkang (1 127), under the strong attack of the Jin army, Uighur and Qin were captured one after another, and the Northern Song Dynasty perished. This is the "Jingkang Change". Zhao Gou, the King of Kang, fled to Lin 'an (now Hangzhou) to announce his accession to the throne and establish the Southern Song Dynasty. The people in the vast enemy-occupied areas in the north could not bear the rule of the Jin Dynasty nobles and national oppression, and were forced to move. A large number of residents in the Yellow River basin migrated to the Yangtze River basin, mainly to Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Hubei and Sichuan. The relatively stable social environment and a large number of uncultivated farmland in the south have attracted people all over the country who are eager to live and work in peace and contentment. A large number of royalty, officials and scholars flocked to Jinghu, Zhejiang and other places in the south to return to the Southern Song Dynasty. Therefore, after the suggestion (1127-1130), people living in Hunan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan, Fujian, Guangxi and Beiliu are all over the place. By this time, with the southward migration of a large number of laborers in the north and advanced reclamation technology, most of the original "wild land" has become a "land of plenty", and the customs and habits of the north and the south have been integrated, and the situation that the economy of the south is stronger than that of the north has been completely established. This is the biggest stage of population migration in the late Northern Song Dynasty.