Excuse me: What are the folk customs in Bulgaria?

Bulgarian Culture

Literature:

Orthodox books written in Slavonic in the ninth century are considered to be the earliest literary creations in Bulgaria. Later, folk oral literature and Compiler of folk songs and folk songs. "History of Slavic Bulgaria" written by Paisi, an enlightenment thinker of national rejuvenation in the 18th century, is Bulgaria's first historical literary work. It played a major role in arousing the people's national awakening. Many famous revolutionaries and writers emerged during the national liberation struggle in the 19th century. They were not only recorded in history for their revolutionary dedication, but also passed down to future generations with their immortal poems, novels and dramas. They are: Rakovsky, Potev, Karavelov, etc. Later, Vazov reflected and praised the heroic deeds of the Bulgarian people in resisting Turkish enslavement in the famous novel "Under the Yoke" and the collection of poems "Epic of the Forgotten". Critical realist writers Konstantinov, Erin Pillin, Stamatov and poet Yavorov wrote many masterpieces that exposed the darkness and ugliness of capitalism. Writers who grew up in the booming workers' movement in the 1930s include: poet Polyanov, literary theorist Kirkov, poets Smirninsky and Vapchalov, novelist Karaslavov wait. The works of realist writer Yovkov have strong democratic and humanitarian tendencies, are full of romantic color and national characteristics, and have reached a high artistic level. After the victory of the socialist revolution in 1944, socialist literature developed rapidly. After the opposition to dogmatism and formulary in the 1950s, the development of literature became more colorful. Famous works include: Dymov's "Tobacco", Haydorff's "Goat Horns", etc.

Art:

Bulgaria has a long tradition of music, dance, painting, sculpture, architecture and drama. There are different styles of folk costumes and music and dance (Holo dance) across the country. After the 1930s, vocal music and symphony developed rapidly. Famous composers and singers include: Pipkov, Kutev, Gaulov, Uzunov, etc. Bulgaria attaches great importance to the inheritance and development of folk songs and dances, and the "Kutev" and "Bilin" folk song and dance troupes are well-known at home and abroad. Bulgaria regularly holds events such as the International Young Opera Singers Competition, the "Varna Summer" Music Festival, the International Ballet Competition, the Burgas Folk Art Festival, and the Sofia Art Salon. These activities have spread Bulgarian folk culture and promoted it to varying degrees. international cultural exchange.

Bulgarian drama originated during the national liberation movement in the 19th century. In 1883, the first professional theater troupe was established in Plovdiv, Bulgaria's second largest city. In 1904 the first theater (Vazov Theater) was built in Sofia. Famous writers such as Vazov and Yavorov in the early 20th century have written excellent scripts, such as "The Exile", "Promotion", "At the Foot of Mount Vidosha", etc. The Higher School of Drama was established in 1948.

The Bulgarian film industry was founded in the 19th century, when it mainly produced documentaries. After 1944, feature films reflecting the themes of socialist construction and anti-fascist struggle, as well as films adapted from outstanding Bulgarian literary works, developed rapidly. Dozens of films such as "The Alarm", "Goat Horns" and "Sun and Shadow" have been featured in international films. Awarded at the festival.

The origin of Bulgarian art is closely related to the spread of Orthodox Christianity. Most of the art treasures before the national revival in the 18th century were related to religious murals and sculptures. The National School of Fine Arts was established in 1896. Famous artists include: Master Dimitrov, Petrov, Zhendov, cartoonist Beshkov, Rusev, Debova, whose prints and oil paintings all have distinctive characteristics. The national architecture, wood carvings, and decorative arts that emerged in the 18th and 19th centuries are the treasures of Bulgarian architectural art. These traditions have been carried forward in urban construction and residential buildings. The architectural features of some cultural palaces, memorial halls, theaters and tourist areas show the national style and modernization level of Baoan architectural art.

Language and writing:

Bulgarian is a Slavic language, closest to Russian and Serbian. It is a typical example of the southern branch of the Slavic language family that is deeply influenced by the culture of Linguo and other countries. Since it belongs to the same religion as Greece and is a neighboring country, many religious words in the Bulgarian language are derived from ancient Greek; after Bulgaria overthrew the Ottoman rule, a large number of Russian words entered the Bulgarian military and political fields; in addition to being widely used, Turkish words In addition to spoken language, it appears frequently in literary works. There are many Latin words in science and technology, medicine, law and political economy.

In addition, French and Italian are used more frequently in artistic vocabulary, and German is used more frequently in technical vocabulary. With the continuous promotion of computers, there is also an influx of English vocabulary.

The writing symbols used by Bulgarians are the Kirill alphabet. It was created by the brothers Cyril and Methodius in the 9th century AD. The Kirill alphabet has undergone three writing reforms. The first time was influenced by the revival movement in the first half of the 19th century, and 10 outdated letters and letter combinations were removed. The second time was after the overthrow of Ottoman rule. The third reform was in 1945, and there are currently 30 letters left. The largest collection of preserved books is the "Kiril Metodi" National Library in Sofia.

Population and ethnic groups:

The latest statistics of Bulgaria show that the population in Bulgaria is 7.99 million. After 1989, about 500,000 people immigrated to Western Europe, North America and Australia. The average life expectancy of women is 74 years and that of men is 67 years. The annual population growth is negative.

Currently, nearly 1/4 of the Bulgarian citizens have entered retirement age, and the problem of population aging is serious. Most people prefer to live in cities. The population of the capital Sofia exceeds 1.5 million, accounting for almost 1/5 of the country's population.

Due to its geographical location and historical reasons, there are many ethnic minorities in Bulgaria, including Turks (800,000), Gypsies (500,000), Armenians, Greeks, Jews, Albanians People, etc., they have always lived peacefully with the sponsors, and there has never been any ethnic tension.

Religion:

Bulgaria has used Orthodox Christianity as its state religion since the 9th century AD, and it retained this religious belief even during the 500 years of Ottoman Turkish rule. The archbishop was elected in May 1953. There are also Muslims, Catholics and Christians.