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What's the latest progress in ASEAN Free Trade Area and China-ASEAN Free Trade Area?
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In September, China established diplomatic relations with Brunei. So far, China has established and restored diplomatic relations with all ASEAN countries. In July of the same year, Qian Qichen, State Councilor and Foreign Minister of China, was invited to attend the 24th ASEAN Foreign Ministers' Meeting in Kuala Lumpur for the first time, which opened the dialogue process between China and ASEAN. 1In July 1992, China became a consultation partner of ASEAN.
1in July 1996, China was upgraded from an ASEAN consultative country to a full-scale dialogue partner, and bilateral relations entered a new stage. 1In February, 1997, the two sides decided on an overall dialogue framework including five equal mechanisms: China-ASEAN Joint Commission on Economy and Trade, China-ASEAN Senior Officials Consultation, China-ASEAN Joint Commission on Science and Technology, China-ASEAN Joint Cooperation Committee and ASEAN Beijing Committee.
1997 12, the first informal leadership meeting between China and ASEAN was held in Kuala Lumpur, and the two sides issued a joint statement. Announced the establishment of a good-neighborly partnership of mutual trust oriented to the 2 1 century. Since then, the leaders of the two sides have met regularly in the form of 10+ 1 during the annual leaders' meeting.
From 1999 to 2000, China signed or published the framework documents of bilateral relations with all ASEAN member countries for 2 1 century.
20011The fifth 10+ 1 Leaders' Meeting was held in Brunei, and both sides agreed to establish China-ASEAN Free Trade Area in the next 10 year. This is another milestone in China-ASEAN relations, pushing bilateral relations to a new level.
China and 1 10 ASEAN countries signed the Framework Agreement on Comprehensive Economic Cooperation between China and ASEAN in Phnom Penh on 10, 2002, and both sides decided to build China-ASEAN Free Trade Area by 20 10.
In 2003, China joined the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia, signed the Joint Declaration of Leaders of People's Republic of China (PRC) and ASEAN countries with ASEAN, and established a strategic partnership oriented to peace and prosperity.
Moderator:
Then, through the short film just now, we briefly combed a thread of the cooperative relationship between China and ASEAN. So, Mr. Zhang, what stage is the cooperation between China and ASEAN now?
Zhang Yunling (Director of Asia-Pacific Institute of China Academy of Social Sciences):
We signed the framework document in 2002. After signing the framework document, we started the free trade area negotiations, which should be said to be still in the process of negotiation. But before we formally completed the negotiations, we also started the early harvest plan. In other words, we should get some benefits from cooperation at the beginning, so we should first pick up the vegetables and fruits that can benefit the most and open them first. Voluntary participation. Most ASEAN countries have already participated. At the same time, we also carried out small-scale regional cooperation and signed a framework document on agricultural cooperation. Therefore, I think the construction of the free trade zone will not be officially launched until after the negotiations are over. At the same time, after the negotiation of goods trade, we have to talk about service trade and investment, so I think this process will take some time.
Moderator:
I noticed that at the World Chinese Forum, Mr. Chen Jianghe mentioned in your speech that, in my opinion, reasonable Chinese businessmen in Southeast Asia should be said to be pioneers in the construction and perfection of free trade areas. What does this mean?
Chen Jianghe (Chairman of Golden Eagle International Group):
I come from China, and I know a lot about the local culture in the southeast, while I come from China, and I also know a lot about the culture in China, so I have two cultural backgrounds, so it is very important that everyone can play a great role in each other's communication and trade export. It is also important to understand the positions of both sides and how to communicate. On the other hand, Chinese businessmen in Southeast Asia have established good interpersonal relationships in the local area for a long time, which can greatly promote the resource trade zone between China and ASEAN.
Moderator:
So what do you mean by "emotion" and "reason" respectively?
Chen Jianghe:
Emotion is in reason. As far as "love" is concerned, we are connected by blood. In terms of "rationality", we are talking about business, and in terms of business, we are talking about this benefit.
Moderator:
He wants to make money.
Chen Jianghe:
Because there is money to earn, it is still emotional. We usually say that China is our "biological father" and those Chinese businessmen in Southeast Asia are our "adoptive fathers". So how to keep the relationship between "biological father" and "adoptive father" is also our obligation as China businessmen.
Moderator:
Mr. Zhang, what kind of influence do you think the economic and trade cooperation between China and ASEAN will have on the Chinese economy in Southeast Asia?
Zhang Yunling (Director of Asia-Pacific Institute of China Academy of Social Sciences):
Because Chinese businessmen should say that they play a very important role in some countries, especially in some commercial aspects. This is one and the other is the network of enterprises in China, and they have a very good network. On the one hand, it is in the Southeast Asian market, on the other hand, it also has such enterprise networks in Southeast Asia, Europe and America. Therefore, the establishment of a free trade area between China and ASEAN has two meanings, one is that we open our markets, and the other is that our legal systems are more consistent through institutionalized arrangements. In other words, from the point of view of doing business, it is more convenient, cheaper and has fewer obstacles. So if we say that as a Chinese businessman in such a big environment, one is strength and the other is connections. I think they can all play a very special role in this respect.
A special function is that they can give full play to their advantages, such as strengthening business ties with China and entering the China market. On the other hand, it can also help our domestic enterprises to enter the Southeast Asian market. They are also "media" and "bridges". I sometimes say that they are also a "lubricant". In other words, there are some things you don't understand, and it is more convenient to communicate through them. But after all, it means that Chinese in Southeast Asia are all local residents, Indonesians, Malaysians, Singaporeans and Thais, but they have some connections with us in blood, culture and language, which provides many conveniences and special advantages. Even if you know me, it will help me know her, which no one else has.
Moderator:
However, I also noticed that Mr. Chen also mentioned that the establishment of China-ASEAN Free Trade Area does not only mean such an opportunity.
Chen Jianghe:
As Professor Zhang said, ASEAN's own 10 countries have different religious beliefs and different cultures. His dialogue with China in 10 ASEAN countries was a very long process, because he created contradictions. Just now, before the program started, I had a talk with Professor Zhang. He himself has gone through very long negotiations, so we think this challenge still exists.
Zhang Yunling:
I think the key point is that most of the two sides are developing countries. The process of negotiation and the process of establishing a free trade zone itself involve two issues. One is some arrangements involving laws, regulations and standards. This is a process of integration.
The other is implementation, how to implement it after you have laws and regulations, and how to really implement it. According to our rules, I'm afraid it will take time, and both sides will encounter all kinds of difficulties, but it is also a process of promotion. Through this process, everyone is promoted.
Moderator:
Then in this forum, our reporter also interviewed many Chinese businessmen. Let's listen to what they say.
Lin Wenjing (Indonesian Chinese businessman):
There are many overseas Chinese in ASEAN, and they are also very powerful. They have played a great bridge role in China's economy and trade, so as guides, helping the motherland and connecting the motherland's economy with ASEAN in a friendly way is the best bridge and the best relationship person. I hope our government in China can make good use of overseas Chinese in ASEAN.
Huang Hongnian (Chinese businessman in Singapore):
The strategy of "going abroad" put forward by China enterprises is of great significance when a large number of foreign capitals flood into China. However, if China enterprises want to go abroad, they should still take China as the main battlefield, and cannot go out just for the sake of going abroad. Going out should be viewed from a strategic perspective, and vicious competition should not be formed within us. Everyone should cooperate with each other.
Moderator:
During the interview, many Chinese businessmen also reported that there are not many China enterprises investing in Southeast Asia. What do you think is the reason?
Zhang Yunling:
In other words, our "going out" strategy starts from the stage of our economic development, because the first step for enterprises in China is to gradually develop in the domestic reform and opening up. Therefore, according to some statistics, our total foreign investment is about 30 billion. Since last year, our investment in Southeast Asia has been about 2 billion yuan, which should be said to be relatively fast, with a total amount of about 1 billion yuan. So it's just an initial stage, that is, from our development stage.
On the other hand, an enterprise invests overseas for different motives. For example, the most basic motivation is to find raw materials, and now our demand in this area seems to have increased. Therefore, in recent years, our investment in oil, raw materials and mineral resources has increased substantially. The other is to seek the market. We have an oversupply here, and the domestic demand for equipment has decreased. Then we must go outside to explore the market. The theory of economics is to extend the life cycle of a product, so that it can be extended a little longer. The other is to break through some local obstacles and you enter that place. I think it should be said that on the one hand, these processes have just begun, on the other hand, they need to be matched. For example, if you want financing, you need financing, which involves our financial reform. For example, our foreign exchange management is relatively strict. For example, our government has recently taken some measures to promote and make capital flow abroad, which has relaxed a lot, which may be beneficial to the financing of our enterprises' foreign investment. So he has a series of support conditions. Another is that there is still actual demand. It should be said that our conditions are gradually improving and its demand is gradually increasing. If we have to choose, generally speaking, Southeast Asian countries should be our first choice.
Moderator:
It should be said that it is the first choice.
Zhang Yunling:
It should be said that it is the first choice in some aspects.
Moderator:
So, Mr. Chen, what do you think is the attraction of Southeast Asia? Are you interested in cooperating with enterprises in China and then helping them invest in Southeast Asia?
Chen Jianghe:
Just now, Professor Zhang talked about the process of China enterprises going global in recent years. The first motivation is mainly resources. The second is to open up the market and extend the product cycle. In terms of resources, in fact, with the vigorous economic development of China and Central Europe, Southeast Asian resources have great confidence in resources. Of course, the nearest opportunity is Southeast Asia. At this point, I still agree with Professor Zhang. Next, ASEAN Chinese businessmen in Southeast Asia can play a great role, so when you find a suitable local Chinese businessman, mutual cooperation will save a lot of time, money and financial resources. For example, in a strange place, you don't know which government department to deal with, or various problems in language communication. Therefore, the ASEAN Chinese Chamber of Commerce will play a great role this time. For example, in Southeast Asia, China has a great demand for energy. We can't say endlessly that we are from the Middle East. Southeast Asia is rich in resources. Then, with the help of Chinese businessmen in Southeast Asia, the local network can introduce this resource-energy into China and further cooperate with enterprises in China. I think the China Chamber of Commerce will play an active role.
Moderator:
You also mentioned that the key is to find a correct cooperation channel.
Chen Jianghe:
That's right.
Moderator:
Of course, this cooperation is mutually beneficial. Both China enterprises have invested in Southeast Asia. As a businessman in China, you also have this intention to invest in China. However, according to relevant statistics, it seems that some small and medium-sized enterprises from Southeast Asia have failed to invest in China.
Zhang Yunling:
We can see that the success rate of small and medium-sized enterprises in Korea is relatively high after they come in. But he is mainly positioning. What is positioning? Taking advantage of China's low labor cost, and then having certain technical value, and China's low cost, he has a higher export ratio, and he is easy to succeed. But there are often some people who only see the backward side of China. He didn't bring technology, but took advantage of the low cost in China. Then it will be difficult for some of them to succeed. There is another one, that is, how to combine local conditions. You are isolated, just like teacher Chen said, you go to a strange place, think for yourself, and succeed entirely on your own. For example, the data parks in China and Singapore also encountered some problems at first, many of which were due to China's ignorance.
Moderator:
Then teacher Chen may have a deep understanding of this. I wonder if you have found your own position and accurate position in China?
Chen Jianghe:
This positioning is very important. But it is also very important to find a suitable investment area. Every place has a different investment environment. In other words, Southeast Asian Chinese businessmen who have been coming to ASEAN have a consistent practice in the local area. Sometimes they think that China may be backward in the past, so this abacus is wrong. In fact, the market competition in China is very fierce. We use the resources of Southeast Asia, mainly wood, pulp, paper, energy, natural gas and palm oil. Many of them are domestic resources, so I came to China to develop this market and build a world-class manufacturing base. Products based in China are exported to all countries in the world. This should be the operating mode. Positioning means using China's domestic market as a large manufacturing base. Then we can attack the front and defend the rear, which means that China has a big market and can be re-exported.
Moderator:
There seems to be a general view in Southeast Asia that this product produced in China and Southeast Asia is competing for the international market. Moreover, China is a competitor of Southeast Asia in attracting foreign investment. I wonder Mr. Zhang, what do you think of this view?
Zhang Yunling:
We have done research in this field, that is to say, on the one hand, China and Southeast Asia are relatively complementary, and I think this structure will remain for quite some time. But at the same time, there is also some competition in some products, such as some textiles, and even some electrical products and telecommunications, but the problem we are talking about is mainly in the American market. However, another study of ours proves that the share of textiles in the US market and Southeast Asia has not declined significantly, but has declined, and China has also declined, because it is a North American Free Trade Area. For non-member countries, Mexico's growth has replaced such a factor, which is one of them.
On the other hand, judging from the investment situation, I don't agree with this view. It seems that the funds went to China instead of Southeast Asia. But before the financial crisis, more money flowed to Southeast Asia, not to China. After the financial crisis, many people did go to China, so the main reason is that the whole economic environment in Southeast Asia has changed greatly. With the economic recovery and improvement in Southeast Asia, especially the China-ASEAN Resource Trade Zone, China-ASEAN will become a big market. Then where to invest, he will choose which place is more favorable. So this situation will improve, so investing in China is not because China attracted him, but because the environment there has changed, so China is better. One is the special advantages of China, such as large population, great potential and large domestic market capacity. Therefore, I think this issue should be viewed objectively and comprehensively. Just because China has developed, it seems that there will be no opportunities in Southeast Asia, and the development of China has had a very negative impact on the development of Southeast Asia. Now we see that the massive investment in China has created a very favorable situation. Why? Now this new situation is such a division of labor structure, which we call network type. The increase in investment in China has promoted China's imports from Southeast Asia, some of which are spare parts. So Southeast Asia is a very important supply market. It may have been exported to Japan, but now it has been transferred to China. China has become the largest import of ASEAN, and the other is the demand for raw materials. So we can see that in the last two years, ASEAN's exports to China, that is to say, China's imports to ASEAN have increased by more than 50% every year, which is very fast.
Moderator:
Then speaking of this, I think teacher Chen may have a deep understanding. As a Chinese businessman, you also compare your country and ancestral home to "adoptive father" and "biological father". So you're in this position. How to treat the competition and cooperation between Southeast Asia and China, that is, the competition and cooperation between "adoptive father" and "biological father"?
Chen Jianghe:
A lot of competition in shopping malls is inevitable. So we should turn this competition into a challenge and improve our competitiveness. Then if we look at this problem from a negative perspective, then you will never make progress. Therefore, only with competition and this challenge can we make progress. Then the second point is that China's economic development has also created many markets, like the positioning problem we just talked about. That is to say, how do Chinese businessmen in Southeast Asia find business opportunities in China and try their best to cooperate with our own competitiveness? In the process of economic development, the competitiveness of each country will increase. Therefore, if you don't have the competitiveness of a country in some industries, you will quit, especially if a free trade zone is established in the future. Every country has its own advantages.
Moderator:
As an enterprise, we should improve our competitiveness and then look for suitable business opportunities. I have noticed that there are also some concrete measures for the cooperation between China and ASEAN. For example, in June 2003, China and Thailand imposed zero tariffs on nearly 300 kinds of fruits and vegetables. In addition, early harvest activities in China and ASEAN countries will be implemented in 2004. I have also noticed that 1 1 countries in the ASEAN Trade Area, including China, are initiating such bilateral trade agreements, that is, 1+ 1 being negotiated by both sides. Will such a bilateral agreement interfere with the entire framework of ASEAN?
Zhang Yunling:
Because there is a free trade area like China-ASEAN, and there is an ongoing free trade area, which is different from this customs union. Why? In other words, we are called "neo-openness". The new open regionalism, that is to say, if you set up a free trade zone for me, you can also give it to a third party, which will not affect it. So don't put your eggs in one basket. We both cooperate and open up and gain benefits, then I can give it to others.
Moderator:
It can be even more favorable.
Zhang Yunling:
Right, so in fact, everyone is pushing the market to open faster through multiple bilateral arrangements or arrangements between a country and a region. Of course, from an economic point of view, it is also just, which means that you have signed so many bilateral agreements, and doing business must be familiar to everyone. This is the so-called "pasta" effect. In other words, you have mixed all these noodles together. How to separate them is probably unclear, but it is still beneficial on the whole.
Moderator:
Mr. Chen, as a businessman in China, I don't know what your opinion is on this issue. Do you think it's too disturbing?
Chen Jianghe:
My view on this issue is still positive. The hardest part is the first step. You have started the first step, and everyone knows each other, so you can learn from it. So if you can't start the first step, you have to wait until the whole package is perfect. What time? So this first step, we sometimes say, 1+ 1, or early harvest. I think this is a very good idea. We should do more and try more. Countries can learn more about this next step, so that we can find a win-win situation, not a win-win situation, and various problems in this commodity market. Enhance cooperation between ASEAN and China.
Zhang Yunling:
Another thing is that we cooperate to hold an Expo. Today, China and ASEAN will hold a permanent Expo in June 165438+ 10. In other words, using such a venue, everyone will do it together. Just because no one else has this doesn't mean just developing the market. It is necessary to establish some mechanisms and cooperation mechanisms.
Chen Jianghe:
Generally speaking, it is to increase exchanges and get to know each other. Then we should expand the basic level of cooperation. This is very important.
Moderator:
All right. Thank you very much for coming to the studio today. Let's discuss the topic of China-ASEAN economic and trade cooperation, especially Mr. Chen, as a Chinese businessman, may be more touched.
At the same time, I also thank the audience for watching this issue of Today's Concern. See you next time!
Just tidy up.
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