Distribution of forest animals

The distribution of forest animal resources in the world changes with forest geography, and its population number gradually increases from cold zone, temperate zone to tropical zone. The largest land animals, such as elephants and rhinoceroses, the fiercest animals, such as tigers and leopards, and the most evolved animals, such as apes and orangutans, all live in forests. China has a vast territory, with forests spanning three climatic zones: cold, warm and hot, and is rich in animal resources. The whole country is divided into eight fauna of animal resources.

Sub-frigid forest fauna (Taijialin fauna)

Including Daxinganling (the area north of 45 north latitude) and the forest area north of Ilhuri Mountain, as well as the northern end of Altai Mountain in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It is the northernmost forest area in China and the southern extension of Tegarin in Siberia. The climate is cold and the soil has permafrost. Forest animals in the Siberian cold zone, such as mink (Wolverine, Gulogulo, figure 1), moose (Khandahan, Alces alces, figure 2), mountain hare and lemmings (Myopus schis ticolor), are all distributed here. Among them, there are many kinds of fur that turn white in winter. In addition to mountain rabbits, there are skunks (skunks), ferrets (snow sweepers) and lagopus (Lagopus lagopus), all of which have the protective color of snow. When the local snow melts, these animals are replaced by non-white summer hair or feathers, which also has a protective effect. There are Dryomys nitedula in Altai Mountain, but not in Daxinganling. In addition, it is also widely distributed in northeast China, such as crested ibis, musk deer, red deer, wild boar, fox, wolf, lynx, weasel (weasel), mongoose (muskrat) and brown bear. Among the above animals, weasels, skunks, minks, foxes, wolves, chipmunks (Eutamias sibirica), silver pheasants (roe) and wild boar can be killed moderately. Due to large-scale deforestation, mink, moose, red deer, brown bear, mountain hare, ferret, buckeye (Figure 3), willow thunderbird, rock thunderbird (La gopus mutus, distributed in Altai forest area), hazel-tailed pheasant (flying dragon, red-bellied sandpiper) and grouse (Tetre parvirostris).

Insects in this area are mostly cold-resistant forest pests, such as Dendrolimus sibiricus, Larix gmelinii, Larix gmelinii sapwood beetle, Dendrolimus punctatus, gypsy moth and so on. Anopheles pentamaculatus is the dominant species among mosquitoes.

Flora of mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests in Xiaoxing 'anling and Changbai Mountains.

This area is a transition zone from cold zone forest to temperate zone forest, with cool and humid climate. The representative species of fauna are Northeast Rabbit, Sable, Northeast Tiger (Leo Tiger), Leopard (Leo Leopard), Badger (Meles Meles), Raccoon, Black Bear (Selenarctos thibetanus), Green Skunk (Honey Dog, Martes Huanggula), Sika Deer (Sika Deer), Blue Sheep (Naemorhedus goral) and Leopard Cat. Although some species, such as tigers, leopards and leopard cats, are widely distributed, their subspecies still have regional characteristics of long hair and light color. For example, the Siberian tiger subspecies was once called the lion tiger, which is a typical example. Species widely distributed in Northeast China, such as fox, wolf, lynx, Yellow weasel, mongoose, brown bear, wild boar, squirrel (gray rat, Figure 4), ring-necked pheasant (pheasant), spotted-winged partridge (Perdix dauuricae) and China forest. There are many kinds of trees, good hidden conditions, abundant food and a large number of animals in this area. Rabbits, badgers, raccoons, pheasants, foxes, weasels, weasels, wild boars, squirrels (grey mice), pheasants with ring necks and partridges can all be hunted. There are few sable, Siberian tiger, black bear, brown bear, ferret, sika deer, red deer, rock sheep and leopard cat, which are in urgent need of protection.

Forest pests include Dendrolimus sibiricus, Dendrolimus punctatus, Dendroctonus valens, Cerambycidae, Dendrolimus awning, etc. Mosquitoes include Aedes aegypti and Aedes kaita.

Flora of deciduous broad-leaved forest in northern China

Including Yanshan Mountain, Taihang Mountain, Luliang Mountain, North Slope of Qinling Mountain, Funiu Mountain and Yimeng. Due to the long-term land reclamation, the forest has been destroyed many times, leaving only some remnants, and the forest animals are extremely poor. Due to closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation and protection measures, the number of some forest animals has started to rise. The species that can be killed moderately are wild boar, pheasant, weasel, badger, fox, ring-necked pheasant and so on. This area is the northern boundary of the natural distribution of macaques. The species that should be protected are musk deer, rock sheep, macaque, black-capped white eyebrow and trogopterus dung, brown eared pheasant (Brown eared pheasant, Figure 5). Musk deer, macaque, flying squirrel with teeth and flying squirrel with teeth can all be domesticated and used as animal medicine or medical experimental animals; Brown pheasant has also been domesticated successfully.

There are Dendrolimus punctatus in the north and Dendrolimus massoniana in the south. Mosquitoes include Anopheles Pan Shi, Aedes albopictus and Aedes punctatus.

Flora of Picea crassifolia forest in Tianshan Mountains

The area is mountainous and desert, with dry climate and very cold winter. Forests are distributed in areas with heavy rainfall between1600 ~ 2300m, and there are broad-leaved trees in the valley at1500m. Forest animals mainly include red deer, roe deer, snow leopard, lynx, brown bear, mongoose, ferret and dumb mouse; Birds include alpine snowfowl (Tetraogallus himalayensis), plateau partridge (Perdix hodgsoniae), spotted-winged partridge, stone pheasant (Alectoris barbara, Figure 6), original pigeon (Columba livia) and rock pigeon (C.rupestris).

The dominant insect species are red-shin swollen vein locust, Xinjiang Siberian locust, Italian locust and so on. The main species of mosquitoes are Anopheles sinensis and Anopheles chauvinifera, both of which are specific.

Flora of alpine coniferous forest in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Including Qilian Mountain, Himalayan Mountain, Kunlun Mountain, Tanggula Mountain and Gangdise Mountain. The species and quantity of forest animals and plants are rich, and the vertical distribution is obvious. In the Himalayas, it is a mountain evergreen broad-leaved forest belt with an altitude of 1600 ~ 2500m, and the representative animals are macaques, white-headed langurs, yellow deer, gazelles (Sumatran Capricorn), golden cats (Felis temmincki), otters with small claws (Aonyx cinerea) and blackbirds (Lophura). In the mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest belt between 2500 and 3000 meters in the mountainous area, the representative animals are red panda (Ailurus fulgens, Figure 7), leopard cat, ferret, rock sheep, grey wolf, Lophophorus impejanus and garrurus. 3000 ~ 4000 meters, it is a dark coniferous forest dominated by spruce and fir, and the representative animals are black-bellied pheasant, black bear, musk deer and snow pigeon (Columba leuconota). In the dark-leaved coniferous forests of Qilian Mountain and eastern Tibet, there is also Cervus albirostris, a specialty of China. There are many pheasants, such as snow pheasant, snow quail (Lerwa lerwa) and blood pheasant (Itha ginis cruentus), which often appear in local forest areas. There are many species that should be protected, except for the orange-bellied long-nosed squirrel and the noise cuckoo, almost all of the above forest animals are included in the list of protected animals.

Flora of subalpine coniferous forest in southwest China

Including the western Sichuan Province, the eastern Qamdo area, the southern mountainous area of Qinghai Province and the northern mountainous area of Yunnan Province, namely Hengduan Mountain Area. The altitude is between 1600 ~ 4000m, and the highest peak is over 7000m. The vertical change of climate is obvious. Forest animal species crisscross north and south, and the valleys are mostly tropical and subtropical species, which invade from south to north along the valleys; Species at high altitude are close to the north. There are many rare forest animals in the coniferous forest belt dominated by spruce and fir, such as the world-famous giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), Sichuan golden monkey, antelope (Budorcas taxicolor), white-lipped deer, red panda, sika deer, gazelle (Sumen antelope), Qingyang, golden cat, and water deer. Cervusunicolor), clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), macaque, bear monkey, Tibetan pheasant, Chrysolophus amherstiae, Golden Rooster (C. pictus, Figure 8) and pheasant (Pheasant). Among them, the giant panda has been listed as a rare animal under state protection. In addition, some achievements have been made in raising deer, sawdust and musk deer in this area. The species that can be killed moderately are red squirrel and Yellow weasel. There are many Apodemus Kobayashi, stealing seeds and often endangering aerial seeding afforestation. Insects are represented by Anopheles barabba.

Flora of Central China Broad-leaved Forest

It includes forest areas from the east of Sichuan Basin to the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and mountainous areas on both sides of the southern slope of Qinling Mountain in the north and the upper reaches of Xijiang River in Guangdong Province in the south. It has a subtropical climate. Natural vegetation is only preserved in high mountainous areas, and other vast areas only have secondary forests and artificial forests. This area is a transitional zone between the northern and southern fauna, and there is no natural barrier between it and North China and South China. There are many kinds of forest animals, but there are not many endemic species and the number of each species is small. Weasels, red-bellied squirrels, long-nosed squirrels (Dremomyssp. ), squirrel (Tamiops swinhoei), badger (Arctonyxcollaris), badger, fox, civet cat, ring-necked pheasant, etc. There are many species under special protection, including macaque, macaque speciosa, golden monkey, sika deer, crested deer (Elaphodus cephalophus), Muntiacus crinifron, gazelle (Sumen antelope), green sheep, antelope and weasel badger (mountain). Melogale moschata), golden cat, South China tiger (Leo tigris amoyensis), clouded leopard, pangolin (Manis pentadactyla), pheasant and pheasant (Lophophorussp). ), etc. Among the forest insects, there are wax scale, wax insect, yellow-ridged bamboo locust, oil tea geometrid and so on with economic value. There are many kinds of mosquitoes, including Anopheles minimus and Anopheles jeep var. Sun Moon Lake, Anopheles spotted and Anopheles Ehrlich.

Fauna of tropical rain forest and monsoon forest in South China

Include Taiwan Province province in China, southeast Fujian province, Taishan county in Guangdong province, Leizhou Peninsula and Hainan province in the west, southwest Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Xishuangbanna in Yunnan province. The hot and rainy climate and dense vegetation provide favorable conditions for animals to inhabit and forage. Rattus flavipectus nests in coastal mangroves and is the most important farmland pest in reclamation. Forest animals that can be hunted moderately include muntjac, civet, Viverra zibetha, ring-necked pheasant, bamboo chicken, quail and so on. The species that should be specially protected are golden monkey and langur (Presbytissp. ), gibbons (Hylobates sp.), macaques, dolphin-tailed monkeys (Macaca nemestrina), Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), bison (Bos gaurus) and deer (Lu Ze). Deer (Cervus eldi), water deer, sika deer, ragged deer (Axis porcinus), gazelle (Su Menling), green sheep, golden cat, clouded leopard, South China tiger, pangolin, Lophura swinhoei, and black pheasant (Syrmaticus mikado). Peacock pheasant (Polyplectron bicalcaratum, figure), yellow-bellied pheasant (Tragopan caboti), red-bellied pheasant (T.temminckii), white-necked pheasant (Syrmaticus ellioti) and silver pheasant (Lophura nycthemera). In addition, there are red-footed boobies (Sula sula) in the forests of the South China Sea Islands.

The pests that harm bamboo forests in this area are bamboo locust and Dendrolimus punctatus that harm Pinus massoniana. There are many kinds of mosquitoes, but the mosquitoes that transmit malaria are still Anopheles minimus and Anopheles barara.