This paper attempts to analyze the ecological and environmental problems caused by the establishment of the Three Gorges Dam from the perspective of earth system science.

Adverse effects of Three Gorges Hydropower Station on ecological environment;

Flooding cultivated land and mineral resources, and flooding forests, grasslands, farmland and wildlife habitats; Flooding natural landscapes and cultural relics; Causing a large number of involuntary immigrants; Blocking rivers, affecting shipping and fish migration; It affects terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, destroys biodiversity, and produces a large amount of greenhouse gas methane when a large number of animal and plant carcasses rot, which intensifies the greenhouse effect; It hinders the free operation of the river, even causes the river to stop flowing, damages the healthy life of the river, and is easy to induce floods or droughts in extreme cases; Water storage in dams causes changes in water temperature and water quality, breeds mosquitoes and flies, and spreads diseases; The dam intercepted the nutrients in the flood, resulting in malnutrition in the lower reaches of the river and barren land in the floodplain, forming a "hungry plain" and a "hungry seaside"; The dam intercepts sediment, which not only silts up the storage capacity, but also causes downstream river scouring and estuary shoreline shrinkage; The dam caused the downstream river to cut off and the ecological environment deteriorated; Excavation, waste slag, sewage and noise in the process of dam construction pollute the environment and destroy vegetation; Dams can cause landslides, collapses and even earthquakes. Because the storage capacity of the reservoir generally reaches 1 100 million cubic meters or more. Therefore, the rocks in the reservoir area will bear great pressure and great weight will act on the bottom of the reservoir area, making the geological structure of the reservoir area unstable and prone to rock dislocation or collapse or even earthquakes.

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