Immigrants in barbaric times

The Yellow Emperor, revered as the ancestor of Chinese mankind, is the symbol of the Chinese nation, the blood of the Chinese nation, and the banner calling on Chinese sons and daughters to contribute to the motherland. In the eyes of Chinese descendants, he has always been called the Great God, the Almighty Creator and the pioneer of China's transformation from barbarism to civilization. Up to now, there is the Huangdi Mausoleum in huangling county, Shaanxi Province for people to visit.

The Yellow Emperor is the source of China people's dreams and pride.

According to legend, in prehistoric times four or five thousand years ago, China was still in a primitive society, with no country and no emperor. At that time, it was roughly equivalent to the patriarchal commune period or earlier. There are many clans and tribes in the Yellow River valley and Jianghuai valley, engaged in agriculture, fishing, hunting and animal husbandry, and created different ancient cultures. In the Yellow River valley of our country, an outstanding tribal alliance leader, the Yellow Emperor, appeared.

It is said that the Huangdi tribe has 25 clans, 12 phratries, and the tribe is quite huge. Later, it gradually expanded to Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong and other places. In the process of its expansion, the Huangdi clan conquered the Yan Di clan, whose surname is Qiang, from the west, and defeated the Chiyou clan of Dongyi in the south, thus becoming the supreme leader of a larger tribal alliance, including all tribes. Since then, the Huangdi clan has become the core force to integrate many tribes and their cultures in China. There are many myths and legends around the Yellow Emperor, such as the invention of medicine, boats, writing, houses and clothes, which reflect the great role of the Yellow Emperor tribe in the formation of the Chinese nation. The Yellow Emperor himself is also regarded as the * * * ancestor of the Chinese nation.

As a legend, the Yellow Emperor was deified under certain social conditions, so the records about the Yellow Emperor are mostly myths or legends. But from these myths and legends, we can still reflect the social life in the era of the Yellow Emperor and the civilization created by the tribes headed by the Yellow Emperor tribe.

Sima Qian recorded this in the history books: Huangdi, the legendary bear tribe leader, was originally named Gongsun, longer than Ji Shui, and lived in Xuanyuan Mountain, so he took the land as his surname, Ji as his surname and Xuanyuan as his surname, so he was also called Xuanyuan Huangdi. This Xiong tribe is also called Jinyun, Di Hong and Xuan Di. Historians have been arguing about the origin of Huangdi clan, that is, the origin of Zhou ancestors. Some people think that it originated in the Weishui River Basin, some people think that it originated in the southwest of the mountain, and recently some people think that it originated in the northwest of the mountain and northern Shaanxi. Although there are few supporters of the last statement, the argument is the most powerful. They believe that the tribe whose ancestors are the Yellow Emperor belongs to the Gu Rong Emperor tribe, that is, the Bai Di tribe between Shaanxi and Shaanxi. Huangdi tribe mainly lives in a wide range from Taihang Mountain in the east to the northern Shaanxi Plateau in the west, to the bank of Weihe River in the south, and to the junction of northeastern Shanxi and northwestern Hebei in the north. They hunted wild in the loess (primitive zone) of Changlin, Mao Ge, engaged in rough farming, and made a living by gathering and hunting. Later, several major wars took place within the scope of the Yellow Emperor, that is, Zhuolu area in the northwest of Hebei Province.

Huangdi is a native of Shanxi-Shaanxi Loess Plateau. He takes the soil as the king, and the color of the soil is yellow, so he is called the Yellow Emperor. The Huangdi family later migrated to four places, and the traces can be found as follows: from the lower reaches of Sanggan River to Beijing, or further south; Some go south along Taihang Mountain or Fenshui, reaching the central part of Hebei Province and the southern part of Shanxi Province. These two groups of immigrants merged with local residents and cultures and established some ancient countries; Some of them reached the Guanzhong Plain in the south of Shaanxi, which was the Zhou people who later established the Zhou Dynasty. The Zhou Dynasty replaced the Shang Dynasty and ruled China. Through the enfeoffment, Zhou Wenhua quickly influenced all parts of the country and carried out economic, political and cultural exchanges with tribal clans and ancient nationalities. Hundreds of years later, in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, a unified nation, the Huaxia nationality, was formed. People trace back to the source, from the Zhou people to the Yellow Emperor, so the Yellow Emperor became the ancestor of the Chinese clan.

Legend has it that the Yellow Emperor was quick-witted and decisive, and wise SHEN WOO. After he became the leader of this tribe, he actively invented and created and strengthened the power of this tribe. At that time, tens of thousands of clans and tribes across the country competed for money for years, and the people were miserable. In order to subdue the Wanbang clan, Emperor Xuanyuan exploited the mineral deposits in Baishan, mainly the copper mines in shouyangshan, and then forged advanced sharp weapons. At that time, people's labor tools, such as thunder, aluminum, knives, axes, etc., and combat weapons, such as spears and arrows, were mostly made of wood, and they were right-handed, making it very laborious to fight. The Yellow Emperor forged weapons with metal, trained his men to charge, and relied on this well-trained and well-equipped army to conquer those disobedient and unruly clans and tribes. As soon as the tribes in four directions saw that the Yellow Emperor was so powerful and the Xiongshi tribe itself was huge, they surrendered, surrendered or obeyed the rule of the Yellow Emperor.

In the tribal alliance in the war, the Dongyi tribe in the Jianghuai area is the most violent, and their leader is Chiyou, the ancestor of some ethnic minorities in the south. According to legend, Chiyou has 8 1 clan, which is powerful and likes to fight, and has annexed many clans and tribes. Besides, it is said that you forge metals and make weapons, plus they have always been brave. Therefore, even the Yellow Emperor at that time could not help them.

At that time, the Yan Di tribe in Shennong was still a powerful tribal alliance. They expanded eastward from Jiang Shui in the Weishui Valley of Shaanxi Province, and developed along the banks of the Weihe River and the Yellow River to the border areas of Henan, Henan, Hebei and Shandong. In the process of their development, many clans were annexed and merged, and many scattered tribal clans were invaded by Yan Di tribes and went to Xuanyuan Huangdi in the north. The expansion of Yan Di tribe is bound to conflict with Huangdi tribe, and war is inevitable. According to historical records, the ancestors of Huangdi Tribe and Yan Di Tribe are Shaodian Tribe and oil angle Tribe. They are two brothers, one grew up in Jishui and the other in Jiang Shui, with different virtues. This is not true. This statement probably comes from the appellation of "descendants of the Chinese people" and "descendants of the Chinese people". As two big tribes in the patriarchal clan system, Yan Di and Huangdi, together with other tribes, gradually merged with each other through constant exchanges and wars, and jointly created the Chinese nation. Yan Huang said that this does not mean that they are brothers.

When the Yellow Emperor saw that the Yan Di tribe was encroaching on it, he advocated moral education and military equipment. Concentrate on studying the Qi of Five Elements and astronomical calendar; Grow grain in Sang Ma and actively store grain; Pacify ten thousand people and live a stable life; Considering the measures to resettle the governors of the four sides and formulating the strategy and tactics of the war, these work are being carried out in an orderly manner. So the Yellow Emperor led a huge army of his own tribe, United with the fierce tribes in the north with bears, dragons, beasts, corpses and tigers as totems, and launched a fierce battle with Emperor Yan. The armies of the two sides took positions in Hanquanchang, southeast of Zhuolu County, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province. The war was very hard and fierce, with corpses everywhere and rivers of blood. After three fierce battles, the Huangdi tribe finally defeated the Yan Di tribe. Since then, the two tribes have merged and created a splendid culture in the Central Plains.

The Yellow Emperor tribe merged with the Yan Di tribe, conquered the vast areas in the north, and its power expanded rapidly. Chiyou in the south made trouble again and refused to listen to the orders of the Yellow Emperor. So the Yellow Emperor called the armies of various tribes to wage a fierce battle with Chiyou in Shan Ye, Zhuolu, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, and finally captured Chiyou alive and killed him. Some people of the Chiyou tribe stayed in the north, while others returned to the south.

In the process of continuous development, mutual communication and migration, various clans and tribes sometimes unite and sometimes split for their own interests, which accelerates their integration. It is in this complicated struggle and integration that the three major tribal alliances of Huangdi, Yan Di and Chiyou finally formed a situation centered on Huaxia nationality. It has formed a highly civilized nation with the same language, economic life and customs. Huangdi tribe naturally constitutes the backbone of Huaxia nationality and becomes the core force of continuous integration with many surrounding tribes.

The Yellow Emperor conquered two tribes, and Wanfang clan respected Xuanyuan Huangdi as emperor and ruled China, replacing the original Shennong tribe. Since then, Xuanyuan has been called the Yellow Emperor. If there is disobedience in the world, the Yellow Emperor will attack it with the army, and the submissive tribes will no longer attack it. In order to communicate with people all over the world, the Yellow Emperor crossed the mountain road and never enjoyed it for a moment.

During the reign of the Yellow Emperor, he crossed the sea eastward, climbed Maruyama Mountain in Linqu County, Shandong Province, and climbed Mount Tai in Shandong Province. In the west, I have been to Kongtong Mountain in Pingliang County, Gansu Province. According to legend, the Yellow Emperor asked Guang for Taoism in this mountain and became the originator of Taoism in China. I have been to the Yangtze River in the south and climbed Xiong 'er Mountain in Yiyang County, Hunan Province and Xiangshan Mountain in Dongting Lake. The ancestors of the Huns killed the Huns in the north. The Emperor of Busan Congress in the north of Huailai County, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province built Huangdi City on the flat land in Zhuolu County, and the ruins of the ancient city have been preserved to this day.

The Yellow Emperor married the daughter of Xiling family as a princess and named her Leizu. According to legend, Lei Zu taught women to raise silkworms and became the ancestor of silkworms.

By the time of the Yellow Emperor, the embryonic form of the country had begun to sprout. In ancient legends, Tang Yao, Yu Shun and Yu Xia were all his descendants, and Xia, Shang and Zhou also respected the Yellow Emperor as their ancestors. Through communication, war and integration, the formation of the Chinese nation was promoted in two steps. Later generations not only listed some Yi and Qiang people as descendants of the Yellow Emperor, but also attributed the inventions of various tribes in primitive society, such as clothes, writing, ships and calendars, to the Yellow Emperor. In fact, the Yellow Emperor was deified as a hero with supreme authority. He replaced Shennong, established his own rule in the Central Plains, and was elected as the leader of the tribal alliance by various tribes, so the Yellow Emperor became the symbol of ancient civilization in China and the ancestor of Chinese legend.