Immigrating to the victims of other planets

Although there are countless exoplanets in the universe, there are more than 4,000 known exoplanets, and scientists have selected 24 "super livable" planets from these known exoplanets. Scientists believe that living on these "super livable" planets may be more comfortable than the earth. However, because these "super livable" planets are extremely far away from our earth, exceeding 100 light years, such a long distance will be beyond our reach for a long time to come. Therefore, when choosing the "second home", we can't include these "super livable" planets as candidates at present. Although it is impossible to reach the distant "super livable" planet, there is actually a potential "livable" planet in our solar system, which may become our second home, that is, Mars. Compared with the "super livable" planet 100 light years away, the recent Mars of more than 55 million kilometers can be said to be close at hand.

Although both Mars and Earth are terrestrial planets in the livable zone of the solar system, they have many similarities, but there are also many differences. Compared with the earth, the surface temperature of Mars will be lower and the atmosphere will be thinner (only about 1% of the density of the earth's atmosphere). Smaller mass means less gravity on the surface of Mars. In addition, the main components of the thin atmosphere of Mars are also very different from those of the Earth. For example, carbon dioxide accounts for more than 95% in the atmosphere of Mars, while oxygen only accounts for 0. 15%, and the oxygen content is almost negligible. The main components of our earth's atmosphere are 78% nitrogen and 2 1% oxygen respectively. If we humans set foot on the surface of Mars, we can't breathe directly on the surface of Mars. But now the probe has sent back good news from Mars.

Yili, the Mars probe, is the first probe to successfully land on the surface of Mars this year. So far, the Mars probe Yili has been running on the surface of Mars for nearly two months. On April 9th, 20021year, Beijing time, the Wit helicopter that arrived on Mars with the rover successfully took off from the surface of Mars, which was of great significance. Now, the Mars rover has made the biggest breakthrough. The instrument "Mars Oxygen in-situ Resource Utilization Experiment (Mo Xie)" carried by the rover successfully transformed the thin and carbon dioxide-rich atmosphere of Mars into oxygen. The principle of preparing oxygen is roughly as follows: oxygen atoms in carbon dioxide are separated to obtain products of oxygen and carbon monoxide, in which carbon monoxide is discharged into the atmosphere of Mars.

This is the first time that the "Tenacity" rover has made oxygen on Mars. In an hour, the output oxygen is only about 5 grams, which can be used for astronauts to breathe 10 minutes. According to the design index, the instrument of "Mars oxygen in-situ resource utilization experiment (Mo Xie)" of Mars probe "Yili" should theoretically realize the output of oxygen per hour 10g. This oxygen seems insignificant, because astronauts may need to consume 1 ton of oxygen to live on the surface of Mars 1 year, but this experiment shows that we humans can extract oxygen from the Martian atmosphere.

In addition to directly extracting oxygen from the Martian atmosphere, we can also directly decompose Martian water to obtain oxygen and hydrogen. Although the environment of Mars looks extremely desolate and arid, there are still a lot of water and ice on this planet. By analyzing the data sent back by NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, the researchers found that in addition to some ancient Martian water escaping into outer space, a large amount of water was buried underground. If the water of Mars can be developed and combined with oxygen extracted from the atmosphere, it should theoretically meet the needs of some human beings to survive on Mars.

There are indications that if the environment of Mars can be improved, Mars can meet the needs of our human beings to move to other planets in the future to a certain extent. The famous scientist Mr. Hawking once predicted that our planet may face many challenges. Our way out is to emigrate to other planets. Once we successfully immigrate to Mars in the future, it means that Mr. Hawking's prediction of emigrating to other planets may come true.

Of course, emigrating to Mars is an extremely complicated process. First of all, we need to improve the environment of Mars, or build a closed Mars city on Mars. On this basis, we can talk about emigrating to Mars. According to the current plan, maybe in the near future, humans may set foot on the surface of Mars. NASA plans to send astronauts to Mars in the mid-1930s, while Space Exploration Technologies plans to send 654.38 million people to Mars by 2050. However, it is not clear whether these plans can be carried out as scheduled.