Immigrants in Quanming Village, Linze

After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, the Mongolian nobles Tatar and Wala who retreated to Mobei grassland continued to harass and plunder in the south. After the middle of Ming dynasty, female

The rise of the true nation in the northeast is also a constant threat to the security of the border. In order to consolidate the border defense in the north, the construction of the Great Wall almost never stopped during the 200 years of Ming Dynasty. The construction process of the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty can be roughly divided into three stages: the restoration of the Great Wall in the early Ming Dynasty (1368 ~ 1447). At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the country was strong. In the fifth year of Hongwu in Ming Taizu (1372),150,000 troops invaded Mobei, and the west road opened the Hexi Corridor to establish Ganzhou. Liaodong section of the Great Wall in the 20th year of Ming Hongwu

(1387) General Sheng Feng and Aquamarine moved to the northeast and pushed the border to the west of Daxing 'anling. After Ming Taizu Judy ascended the throne, from the eighth year of Yongle to 10 ~ 1424, she sent troops to Mobei five times. The northern border defense line of the Ming Dynasty extended to Daxinganling, Yinshan and Helan Mountains. The Great Wall project in the early Ming Dynasty was mainly based on the Great Wall of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Northern Qi Dynasty and the Sui Dynasty. "The walls are steep and deep, and the peaks are connected." "Smoke piers are built thick everywhere, with May grain and firewood crossbows stored on them, and a well is opened next to the pier ...", "From Chang 'anling (now Xuanhua) to Ximalin (now Tianzhen, Shanxi), build stone walls and dig deep ditches" (Ming Yao Hui), that is, build smoke piers and beacon towers. The focus of this renovation is the Great Wall from northwest Beijing to Datong, Shanxi, and the border from Shanhaiguan to Juyongguan.

Editor: This is a long-term large-scale construction in the middle of Ming Dynasty (1448 ~ 1566).

After the "Civil Rebellion", Vara and Tatar constantly attacked the border and plundered it, forcing the Ming Dynasty to take the construction of the Great Wall in the north and more piers as a top priority. The following Great Wall towns were built more than 100 years ago.

Yansui town

In the seventh year of Chenghua in Ming Xianzong (147 1), Yu Zijun, the governor of Yanshui, was ordered to carry out large-scale construction and sealed it. "From Fu Huang in western Sichuan to Dingbian Camp, it takes more than two hundred miles to dock at Jiayuguan.

Facing the fortress, transverse incision; There is a ravine inside, which is called a road. It reaches its end in the east and is Taiping solid in the west. "("Ming History "Volume 91" Frontier Defense ") Huang Fuchuan originated in Zhungeer Banner, Hetao County, Inner Mongolia, and went south to the northeast of Fugu County, Shaanxi Province to inject into the Yellow River; Dingbian Camp governs Dingbian County in northern Shaanxi, Pianguan County in Shaanxi, and Gu Ning refers to Zhu Wei and Guyuan Town in Ningxia at that time. This Great Wall was built on the old foundation of the western section of the Sui Great Wall built by Cui in the fifth year of Emperor Yangdi's reign. The eastern section extends northeast to the west bank of the Yellow River in Fugu County. Chenghua was completed in ten years, and two Great Walls were built. During Jiajing period (1522 ~ 1566), Yang Yiqing and Liu Tianhe successively presided over the renovation. In the south, the Great Wall will set up its own border camp, pass through Shilaochi and Xinxing Fort to the south, and then make an arc to connect Longzhou City with the old city wall. Relying on the mountain, it will be plugged into the way of violating the ring (county) and celebrating (yang).

Ningxia town

During Li Zhao's tenure (1432 ~ 1443), Li Zhao was the chief secretary and set up the pass, which became the prototype of the Ming Great Wall in Ningxia. In the tenth year of Chenghua (1474), Xu He imitated the practice of Governor Yansui and supervised the construction of Hedong Great Wall in Ningxia. "From Huangshazui to Huamachi, the total length is 387 miles." Huangshazui is located in the northwest of Houhengchengzi Village, Lingwu County, Ningxia, bordering the Yellow River in the west. Huamachi is now Yanchi County, Ningxia. The Great Wall is connected to Yansui Town in the east, and some old foundations of the Sui Mausoleum and the Great Wall are also used. The Ming people called it "Hedong Wall". In the 12th year of Chenghua (1476), Jia Jun became the governor of Ningxia, stayed in the frontier for eight years, joined Congo, and presided over the construction of the project from the south exit of Shuangshan Mountain (now northwest fork of Qingtongxia City, Ningxia) to Guangwuying (now Guangwuying Township, Qingtongxia City). Yong 'an Dun (now southwest of Zhongwei County, Ningxia) to Xishazui (now Rouyuanbao Village, Zhongwei County) is the southwest side wall of Ningxia. In today's east bank of Tao Le County, Ningxia, the "Eighteen Pier Side Wall" in Hedong was built, starting from the east bank of the Yellow River opposite Zhenyuanguan (now northeast of Shizuishan City, Ningxia) in the north and connecting to the "Hedong Wall" in hublot in the south. During Jiajing period, the side wall of Ningxia Town was rebuilt and integrated, starting from the junction of Huamachi and the Great Wall of Yansui Town in the southeast, passing through Xingwuying and Hengbao in the northwest, crossing the Yellow River to Shizuishan along the east bank of the Yellow River in the north, passing through Zhenyuan Pass, winding around a big arc, and then folding to Zaoyuanbao along the east slope of Helan Mountain in the west, and ending at the north bank of the Yellow River through Ningxia Zhongwei.

Guyuan town

During the Hongzhi period of Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty, Mongolian Huoping and Little Prince broke into the suite many times and plundered southern Guyuan and Pingliang, which led to the establishment of Guyuan Town in the fourteenth year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (150 1), and the establishment of the Great Wall. "The total system of Qin humerus is built inside, starting from Raoyang boundary, reaching more than 300 miles in the west and reaching Xu Binshui, which is Guyuan boundary; It is more than 600 miles from Xu Binshui to Lu Jinghua's west fork, which was also built separately ... it is the danger of Guanzhong. " Raoyang refers to the Raoyang Water Castle in Yansui Town (now Liaoyang Village, Jiyuan Township, Dingbian County, Shaanxi Province), which is the dividing line between Yan and Gu towns. Xu Bin Water Castle. Now Xubingshui Village in the northeast of Tongxin County, Ningxia, Lu Jing Acropolis, which is now Jingyuan County, Gansu Province; Huaercha, located on the east bank of the Yellow River in Shuiquan Town, northwest of Jingyuan County, was called "inner edge" at that time. During Jiajing period (1522 ~ 1566), Guyuan Town built docks and abutments along the southeast bank of the Yellow River in the southwest of Wei (now Jingyuan), and then passed through Lanzhou City and extended southward along the east bank of Taohe River to the territory of Min County, which was called "Yellow River Side Wall" and "Zhou Tao Ten Pass".

Gansu town

In the early Ming Dynasty, Gansu Town was set up to take charge of Hexi defense, but the border troubles from the north were mainly concentrated in Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi and Jiayuguan.

The west is relatively safe. Mongolia is advancing westward, and Gansu is well defended. It was only during Hongzhi and Zhengde years (1488 ~ 152 1) that construction of the Great Wall began, and the real construction was in the middle of Jiajing. In the 16th year of Jiajing (1537), Governor Zhao Zaixiu took over Baili from Linhedun to Yongchang Acropolis in Fan Wei Town (now Yongchang County, Gansu Province). In the twentieth year of Jiajing (154 1), Jiayuguan City Wall was built, fifteen miles south of Taolai River, twenty-five miles north of Shiguan, and thirty miles away from * * *. ("Border Politics Examination" Volume 4) The Taolai River is now the Beida River, and Shiguaner is located in the northeast of Heishan Lake Reservoir in Jiayuguan today. This is the first time Jiayuguan has appeared as a formal city wall project. From the 26th to 27th year of Jiajing (1547— 1548), Governor Bai Yang presided over three large-scale expansion projects of the Great Wall in Gansu. The first section starts from Shagangdun in Wubabao (now Gaotaidong in Gansu 18 Li) in the east, reaches Jiubabao in the west (now 40 Li northwest of Gao Tai) and extends to the north bank of Heihe River. The second section is located at Shandanwei, starting from Fengchengpu in Wuquankou (now Shandanfeng Castle) in the east and reaching Donglegang in Dakouzi (now Dongle Town in Shandan County) in the west. The third section connects Dongle Post in the east and Banqiao Fort in the northwest of Ganzhen (now Zhangye City) in the west (now Banqiao in Linze County). Trenches, piers or Guancheng have also been built at the Longshou Mountain Pass on the north side of the Great Wall. At this point, the Great Wall of Hexi Corridor under the jurisdiction of Gansu Town has been basically formed and integrated.

Datong Town and Fu Xuan Town

In the twenty-first year of Chenghua (1485), Yu Zijun was the head of the Ministry of Finance. During the military period of Governor Datong and Fu Xuan, 440 piers were built, stretching for more than 1300 miles from Sihaiye (east of Yanqing County, Beijing) to the Yellow River in the west. The reconstruction of the Great Wall was mainly completed in Jiajing period. From twenty-one to twenty-nine years of Jiajing (1542 ~ 1560), Zhai Peng, Zhan Rong and Weng Wanda successively served as governors, and they chose to trim the side walls and make profits. The characteristics of the new project are to build a wall platform and an enemy platform on the city wall, and to set up a "garrison" on the platform; Build a fort near the Great Wall, "waiting for an ambush", and leave a secret door under the wall, "so as to get out of the whistle". This is a … great improvement on the architectural structure of the Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty, which makes the city walls, passes, smoke piers and fortresses form a defense system in depth.

Otog Banner, Inner Mongolia

Driving 8 kilometers eastward from the first-class highway in Ginko, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, you don't have to feel sorry for "you are not a true man who doesn't reach the Great Wall", because the ancient Great Wall, which symbolizes the hard work and wisdom of the Chinese nation, is at your feet. Ming Great Wall Site, located in the west of Shanghai Miao Town in our flag, starts from the east bank of the Yellow River in the west and stretches for hundreds of kilometers to the east, with a length of 53.3 kilometers in our flag. Although it has experienced ups and downs for hundreds of years, the whole is still intact. It is rammed by loess, and the rammed layer is 8 to 12 cm. The city wall and piers (enemy piers) form the main body, and the piers are arranged neatly with the spacing of150m. The pier crossing Cang Sang is still as high as12m, and the wall is 6.5m high. Shuidonggou River, which flows through Lingwu County, Ningxia, passes through the gap of the Great Wall. It is the defense center of this section of the Great Wall and has built related cities and other important defense facilities. There are seven beacon towers of the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty on our national flag. Nowadays, although they have been riddled with holes by the long river of history, their strength is even more admired by the world.

Shanxi town

The Great Wall in this area is the inner side, which is intended to prevent nomadic cavalry from bypassing Taihang Shandong and threatening the capital. During the Hongzhi period (1488 ~ 1505), Mongolian Tatar ministries stationed in the Yellow River, and the Yellow River meandered around Piantouguan, with many beaches, facing the ferry crossing the river. So in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, several Great Walls were built in this area, forming one to four sides. It is located in Guanbei 120, connected to Yatou Wharf at Pingluwei of Datong Town in the east, and connected to the Yellow River in the west: it is located at Guanbei 60 on both sides and Pinglu Baiwei Lawn in the east; It is three miles northeast of Guandong on three sides, starting from Laoyingshimiaoer in the east (now Laoyingxiang in the northeast of Pianguan County) and reaching Baidaopo stone ladder pier in the west; The four directions are in Guannan 2 Li, starting from Changlin Yingwo Cliff in the east and reaching Pianguan Military Field in the west. During Jiajing period, the Inner Great Wall, which went down the Taihang Mountain to the south of Zijingguan, was added. Earth and stone were mixed, enemy platforms were built, and houses were built to close the city. In this way, the Neisanguan Great Wall at the junction of Shanxi and Hebei is complete.

Zhen Ji town

The Great Wall starts from Shanhaiguan in the east and reaches Juyongguan in the west, which is easily washed away by mountains and rivers. During the years of Hongzhi and Jiajing, Yamaguchi Waterway was built in xifengkou, and Yamaguchi Waterway was built in Gubeikou and huanghua town-Juyongguan, which means that the water pass under the wall can pass mountains and rivers.

Liaodong town side wall

History books are generally believed to have been built after Yongle, the emperor of Ming Dynasty, stopped shipping, but the construction situation and location are not clear. A little more detailed records are as follows: ① The western Liaoning side wall was built in the seventh year of Ming Yingzong orthodoxy (1442), and Wang Ao was the military affairs prefect of Liaodong. "Bows patrol the border, from Shanhaiguan to Kaiyuan, with high walls and deep ditches, five miles as castles, ten miles as tuns, watchtowers reprimanding, and continuous beads." (Record of the Whole Liao, Volume IV, Belief of Emperor Ming Cong, Volume XVIII) West of Changqi in western Liaoning, starting from the junction of the Great Wall of Jimingkou Town, Beizushan, Shanhaiguan, it extends northeast along the eastern slope of Xishan Corridor in western Liaoning to Baituchangguan (now Baichangmen Township, Heishan County, Liaoning Province). (2) The Liao River set up a side wall, which is recorded in "All Liao Annals and Frontier Annals". "When respecting Liaodong, mountains rise because of rivers, and wood is woven as a wall. For a long time, it is easy to use one wall, while the pier is slightly increased. " "After the border is established, Liaohe will be placed under the territory." In the early years (1506), Li was the governor of Liaodong. "Please build a wall, stretching for more than 500 miles from the north of Sancha River in Liaoyang to Kaiyuan." After many times of construction, the side wall of Liaohe River in the west is Guanshun on the west bank of Liaohe River, passing through the east moat of Heishan County, Dataizi and Liutaizi in taian county, crossing the Liaohe River in the northwest of Niuzhuang Town in Haicheng County, then turning to the northeast, along the east bank of Liaohe River to Kaiyuan and Changtu County, and ending at Zhenbeibao. Because the Great Wall is surrounded by a big V-shape to the south, it is located on the east and west banks of Liaohe River, so it is called "Liaohe Great Wall". (3) Liaodong side wall was built in Chenghua for three years (1467). After the Ming army drove out the Nuzhen in Jianzhou, Han Bin and Zhou Jun successively built Dongzhou to Caohe Ten Fort, Zhenbei Fort and Qingyang Fort for fifteen years (1479) and seventeen years (148655).

Edit the reconstruction and alignment of the Great Wall in the late Ming Dynasty (1567 ~ 1620).

On the occasion of Wanli in Qin Long, the Anda Department of Mongolia made peace with the Ming Dynasty, and the northern border was slightly safe, mainly from the Nuzhen nationality in the northeast. Wanming Great Wall West Section

At the beginning of the calendar year, Li, the main soldier of Liaodong Town, built six castles in Kuandian and Gushan, and then rebuilt the Liaodong side wall. "Mianzhou Yidong to Sanchahe, Sanchahe to Old Liaoyang." ("A Record of Ming Shenzong" in the first year of Wanli) Sanchahe refers to six miles northwest of Haicheng City, Liaoning Province. At that time, the Liaohe River and the Hunhe River met here, and the Liaohe River covered the southern end of the Great Wall. The project is mainly to build a hollow wall platform, and the wall is made of masonry. In the forty-seventh year of Wanli (16 19), Xiong Tingbi once again presided over the work of repairing the castle. The reconstruction project of the side wall between Shanhaiguan and Jiayuguan is mainly to build a large number of hollow watchtowers on the Great Wall to facilitate the use of masonry, strengthen the defense project, and reroute some sections.