When did Nanzhao become Dali?

In the late Nanzhao period, it was renamed as the Great Gift Country and the National Seal of the Republic of China. In addition, the change from Nanzhao to Dali experienced three dynasties: Dachanghe, Dayining and Datianxing. These three dynasties and Dali were established by Bai nobles and gradually replaced the rule of Nanzhao Yi nobles.

1, Shilong and Gift Country

In 859, Wang Shilong, king of Nanzhao, ascended the throne. Because the famous criminals (the real name of Emperor Taizong is Shimin and the real name of Emperor Xuanzong is Longji) who were forbidden in the Tang Dynasty, they were so angry that they "arrogantly called themselves emperors, built a solid foundation and built a big country." Break with Tang completely and send troops to attack Tang many times.

At first, the decadent Tang dynasty was unable to resist the attack of the gift country. Nanzhao army was in full swing, occupying Bozhou (Zunyi) and Yongzhou (Nanning) several times, occupying Jiaozhou (Hanoi, Vietnam) twice and hitting the gates of Chengdu three times. However, as the northern army with strong fighting capacity in the Tang Dynasty went into battle one after another, the war situation gradually reversed, and Shilong's army retreated one after another, and almost all the occupied areas were recovered by Tang Jun.

Shilong used soldiers for years, which led to an empty state treasury and poor people. /kloc-More than 0/5 of the men were recruited to fight, the fields were cultivated by women, the harvest was turned over to the army, and the people were in poverty, making many enemies at home and abroad.

Later, Shilong couldn't run any more, so he had to send Zhao and (Prime Minister) to the Tang Dynasty to make peace with 30 hostages, expressing his willingness to be brothers or nephews. When the Tang Dynasty was not at ease, it contacted the invaders such as Tubo to guard Nanzhao Pass to prevent his foreign aggression. Shilong failed to make peace, and the dilemma was difficult to solve, and he was angry and hated. He died of gangrene in 877.

2. Changshun and Dafeng Republic of China

The son of Shilong, Nanzhao Changshun 12, succeeded to the throne in 877 and changed his country name to Dafeng Republic of China. He sent envoys to the Tang Dynasty, demanding repair and reconciliation, and restored peace with the Tang Dynasty.

During the reign of Changshun, Nanzhao's domestic production was sluggish, people's grievances boiled, various contradictions intensified, and slave uprisings continued. Longshun, on the other hand, is a teenager who acceded to the throne. He is fatuous, addicted to womanhood and over-hunted. He often kills people with libel. In 897, Zheng Maisi, the powerful minister of Nanzhao, ordered Deng Yang, a recent minister, to kill Long Shun in Shanzhan (Kunming).

3. The demise of Nanzhao

After Changshun's death, Zheng Maisi supported Changshun's son Shun Huazhen to ascend to the throne. In 902, Zheng Maisi killed Shun Huazhen again, "killing 800 Mongols under Wuhua Building", which lasted for 253 years, ending the 13 generation.

4. Chief Minister and Dynasty of Zheng.

Zheng Maisi was the seventh generation grandson of Zheng Hui, the chief of Lu Xian in Tang Dynasty. Zheng Hui is from Anyang, Henan. During the reign of Tang Tianbao, Nanzhao was brought into Erhai area when it attacked Zhangzhou, and later became an official of Nanzhao royal family, and gradually evolved into a dignitary among Bai people in western Yunnan. After Zheng Maisi came to power in 902, he changed his country name to Dachang, and after eight years in office, he still failed to reverse the domestic chaos.

In 909, Zheng Maisi died and his son Zheng Renmin succeeded him. Zheng Renmin was in power 17, with no political achievements. In 965,438+04, a predatory war was launched to attack Sichuan. As a result, Wang Jian, the former Shu emperor in the "Ten Kingdoms", sent his troops to Dachang, led his troops to pursue him all the way to the Dadu River, and "captured tens of thousands and drowned tens of thousands of people". This fiasco further aroused the anger and resistance of big factories and people of all ethnic groups in China. Coupled with Zheng Renmin's "impatience and irritability, often killing people", it is based on losing people's hearts.

Zheng Renmin died in 926, and his son Zheng Longxu, who was only 12 years old, succeeded him for only two years. In Jianchuan, Yang Ganzhen took advantage of the people's dissatisfaction to kill him, which lasted for three generations and 26 years.

5, Zhao dynasty

Zhao Shanzheng, whose ancestral home is Tianshui, Gansu Province, is said to be Zhao, which is the most popular surname of Bai people in the north of Deng Chuan, Eryuan. He was a Nanzhao nobleman, a viceroy and an official in the late Qing Dynasty. Collaborating with Jianchuan made Yang Ganzhen destroy the Zheng family and became famous. In 928 AD, Yang Ganzhen made him emperor and changed his country name to Da Dingxing. But soon, the contradiction between Zhao Shanzheng and Yang Ganzhen widened. "Good governance to GanZhen, courtesy to failure. Anyone who is honest and asks for help is not allowed to do it. " Yang Ganzhen, who holds the military power, "relies on his merits and complains about his expectations, and then embarrasses his ministers and abandons good governance to stand on his own feet." The short day of rejuvenating the country only lasted 10 months.

6. Yang's Yining Dynasty

Yang Ganzhen, the most popular Bai nationality in Binchuan, is said to be the illegitimate child of Emperor Longshun of Nanzhao. At the end of Dachang, he became our ambassador to Jianchuan, attacked the city, destroyed Dachang, made Zhao Shanzheng emperor, and soon abolished Zhao's independence and changed his name.

After Yang Ganzhen proclaimed himself emperor, he not only failed to unify the chaotic situation of division since the last years of Nanzhao, but also suffered from greed and violence at home and abroad. Not only class contradictions and ethnic contradictions are sharp, but also disputes within the ruling class are intensifying. In order to resist oppression and plunder, the vast number of slaves and serfs rose to struggle and put forward "reducing grain" and "lenient corvee". In 937 AD, Duan Siping took advantage of the general dissatisfaction of the people in China to fight for power. Yang Ganzhen ordered his younger brother Yang Zhao and others to lead the troops to resist. As a result, the righteous Ning Army was defeated by Lien Chan, and Duan Siping invaded Yangzhou, thus abolishing Yang Ganzhen as a monk (Yang Ganzhen fled to Baoshan, Dali sent troops to pursue him, but Yang Ganzhen hanged himself in a tree in Wan Jian).

7. Duan Siping established Dali.

Duan Siping, who claims to be from Wuwei, Gansu, is the most popular Bai nationality in Xizhou, Dali. During the period of "Righteousness over the Country", he made great contributions to our maritime era. He took advantage of people's psychology of suffering from war and political abuse and eager to end the endless turmoil since the last years of Nanzhao, contacted the major surnames of Bai people, 37 Yi people in eastern Yunnan and various local forces, and promised to reduce taxes for half a year and reduce grain for three years, and promised to reduce taxes and corvees and release slaves after he acceded to the throne, thus winning the support of people of all ethnic groups.

In 937 AD (the second year of Tianfu in the Jin Dynasty after the Five Dynasties in the Central Plains), Duan Siping swore in Shicheng (Qujing) that Dong Jialuo, a feudal aristocrat of the Bai nationality, would be a strategist and a general, holding a large-scale joint uprising, attacking the city and pulling out the village, and fighting for the country. Subsequently, Duan Siping proclaimed himself emperor and changed his name to Dali. The chaos that lasted for more than 30 years after the demise of Nanzhao finally ended.

What is said on the first floor is wrong. Song did not recover Nanzhao or Dali. In fact, Song had no territorial ambition for Dali, and Dali tried its best to compare with Song Qiang. It paid tribute to Song and was conferred by Song. The relationship between the two countries is very good and there has never been a war.