Which ethnic group did the emperor of the Qing Dynasty belong to?

The emperor of the Qing Dynasty was a Manchu. In 1616, Nurhaci, the leader of the Jurchen tribe in Jianzhou, established Houjin. ?In 1636, Huang Taiji changed the name of the country to Qing Dynasty. In 1644, Dashun captured Beijing, the capital of the Ming Dynasty. Wu Sangui, the Ming general stationed at Shanhaiguan, surrendered to the Qing Dynasty.

Regent Dorgon led the Qing army to enter the customs. In the same year, Emperor Shunzhi moved the capital to Beijing. From then on, the Qing Dynasty replaced the Ming Dynasty and became the national ruler. Militarily, in the following twenty years, the regimes of Dashun, Daxi, and Nanming were put down. Later, he put down the rebellion of the Three Feudatories, unified Taiwan under the Zheng Family, and gradually took control of the country.

Extended information

In 1760, the territory of the Qing Dynasty, which pacified the Junggar Khanate, reached its peak. The Northeast and the Russian Empire were divided by the Ergun River, the Gelbiqi River and the Outer Xing'an Mountains. , this frontier extends to the Sea of ??Okhotsk and Sakhalin Island; to the north it borders Tsarist Russia on the Sayan Ridge, Shabinay Ridge, Kyaktu and Argun Rivers; to the northwest it borders Kazakhstan The Khanate and other vassal states in the northwest are bounded by the Sayan Mountains, Zhaisangbo, Ara Lake, Issyk-Kul Lake, Lake Balkhash to the Pamir Plateau; the southwest is bounded by the Indian Mughal Empire, Nepal, Bhutan and other countries from the Himalayas to the Savage Mountains Mountain; due south is roughly similar to the current boundary between the Republic of China and Southeast Asian countries.

However, the Qing Dynasty still obtained Nankan, Jiangxinpo and other places in northern Myanmar; to the east it is bounded by Japan and Ryukyu. The sea and the East China Sea were separated from the Korean Dynasty along the Tumen River and the Yalu River; the Qing Dynasty also owned Taiwan, Penghu, Hainan and the South China Sea Islands in the South China Sea (then known as Qianli Shitang, Wanli Changsha, and Zengmu Ansha). The total area at its peak It could reach 13.16 million square kilometers, but shrank to 11.35 million square kilometers in 1908 in the late Qing Dynasty.

The Qing Dynasty had a maximum of 19 vassal states. As early as the Huang Taiji and Kangxi periods, there were Korea and Ryukyu Kingdom. During the Qianlong period, it expanded to Southeast Asia's Annam (Vietnam), Nanzhang (today's Laos), Myanmar, Siam (today's Thailand), Cambodia, Lanfang Kingdom (today's western Kalimantan), as well as Luzon, Sulu (disappeared one after another after Spanish rule of the Philippine Islands);

South Asia includes Gorkha (Nepal), Chemengxiong (Sikkim), Bhutan and Ladakh (under the jurisdiction of the Minister in Tibet) and other countries; in Central Asia, there are Kazakh Khanate, Bulut Khanate, Kokand Khanate, Bukhara Khanate, Aiukhan (now Afghanistan), Badakshan and Qianzhute.

The Qing Dynasty adopted wasteland reclamation, immigration to border areas and the promotion of new crops to increase production. Due to the increase in domestic and foreign trade, economic agriculture has also become more developed. In the early Qing Dynasty, in order to ease class conflicts, policies were implemented to reward land reclamation and reduce or exempt taxes, which led to social and economic development in the inland and frontier areas. By the middle of the eighteenth century, the feudal economy of the Qing Dynasty had developed to a new peak.

There is a saying that the Qing Dynasty's economic and population growth was mainly attributed to the American crop sweet potato, and the so-called "Kangxi and Qian Dynasties" were called the "Sweet Potato Prosperity". ?As a result, the centralized autocratic system became more rigorous, the national power became stronger, and the order was stable. In the early Qing Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty vigorously promoted bad policies such as land enclosure and investment, which greatly damaged the economy of the Central Plains region; it focused on agriculture and suppressed commerce, restricting the development of budding capitalism.

Baidu Encyclopedia _Qing Dynasty (Chinese Historical Dynasty)