The Northern Expedition of Huan Wen in Eastern Jin Dynasty

Huan Wen's father, Huan Yi, was loyal to the Eastern Jin Dynasty and died in the Soviet rebellion. Teenagers in Huan Wen lost their fathers and grew up in a difficult environment. Later, she married Princess Nankang and became an evil civil servant. Huan Wen and Yu Yi are good friends. They met in JiNing. Yu Yi attached great importance to Huan Wen, and once recommended Huan Wen to Emperor Jincheng. He thought that Huan Wen was very talented and had the style of a general, and hoped the emperor would pay attention to it. Yu Yi has ambition to explore the Central Plains in the north. When preparing for the Northern Expedition, Huan Wen was sent as the vanguard and led the army into Linhuai. Later, Yu Yi died before the Northern Expedition. Because Huan Wen has shown his talent at this time, many people think that he should command the department and guard Jingchu. In the first year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the court appointed Huan Wen, the secretariat of Xuzhou, as the general of Anxi, the commander-in-chief of Jing, Si, Yong, Yi, Liang and Ning, the military commander of Nanman, and the secretariat of Jingzhou.

In the second year of Yonghe, Huan Wen went deep alone, fought thousands of miles, defeated the enemy in World War I, destroyed the Cheng Han established by Tijen, and captured Emperor Cheng Handi alive. Such a victory was unprecedented since the founding of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which greatly encouraged the morale of the people in the ruling and opposition parties in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. But Huan Wen's victory has certain accidental factors. In the battle of Sasakawa Bridge, the troops of the Eastern Jin Dynasty were once on the verge of rout. Without Qiao Yuan and others fighting at the critical moment, Huan Wen would have been defeated. Nevertheless, Huan Wen's determination to attack Korea, his timely adoption of opinions, and his composure at the critical moment fully demonstrated Huan Wen's military talents. The success of Huan Wen's desperate adventure laid the groundwork for his later failure in the Northern Expedition, which made him ignore the strategic defects in this action. Huan Wen didn't pay attention to consolidating the occupied area and did its best to appease the local people. After he returned to Jiangling, Yizhou did not settle down.

Huan Wen made outstanding contributions, and the court named Huan Wen the General of the West and the Third Division of Kaifu Instrument, and named him the Duke of Hejun. Wang Qiao Sima Wuji was appointed as a former general. Qiao Yuan was named General Longxiang and General Xibo. Huan Wen perished, became a Han Chinese, made great contributions and gained great fame. The court could not trust him, but doubted him. Sima Yu, the king of Huiji, in order to compete with Huan Wen, was entrusted to Yin Hao, the secretariat of Yangzhou, to participate in politics. The contradiction between the two sides gradually deepened. The demise of Cheng Han should have been an opportunity for the Eastern Jin Dynasty to make use of the morale of the people and strive for progress, but the internal friction of the imperial court could not make this victory play its due role.

In the fifth year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, after the death of Emperor Shi Hu of Zhao, the imperial clan of Zhao fought for power and profit, and there was chaos in the country. It is a great opportunity for the Northern Expedition. Huan Wen went out to settle down and sent generals to run the north. Wang Zun, the secretariat of Yangzhou in the post-Zhao Dynasty, surrendered to the Eastern Jin Dynasty with Shouchun City, and Chen Kui, the western corps commander, took Shouchun. The imperial court was afraid that Chu Shou, the general of Peking University, would go deep into the unfavorable situation, so it should be cautious. And Chu Zhe thinks that we should send troops quickly to create momentum. So the court made Chu Shou the commander-in-chief to pacify the military affairs of Xu, Yan, Qing, Yang, Yu and other countries. Chu Zhe led 30,000 troops to Pengcheng, and thousands of northern scholars surrendered every day. Both the ruling and opposition parties thought that the Central Plains could be recovered, but only Guanglu doctor Cai Mo didn't think so. He thought that the coach of the Northern Expedition was slightly inadequate, which not only failed, but also caused civil strife in the imperial court. As Cai Mao expected, Chu Zhe sent Wang Kan and Li Mai to meet them with three thousand soldiers. As a result, they were attacked by more than 20,000 cavalry of Zhao Nan Governor Li Nong, and were wiped out in Daipi. Chu Zhe was forced to retreat to Guangling. When he got the report, he was very scared, afraid of being attacked by the post-Zhao, burning Shouchun's hoarded materials, destroying Shouchun City and fleeing. Chu Taizu invited himself to be punished, but the court refused. Just relieved him of his position as viceroy, and let him guard the mouth of Beijing. At that time, there was chaos in Hebei, and more than 200,000 adherents in the north crossed the Yellow River and wanted to join the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Due to the failure and retreat of Chu Zuo, the adherents could not meet and died on the road. Sima Xun, the secretariat of Liangzhou, has made progress. He took advantage of the post-Zhao civil strife, attacked from Camel Valley, breached the Great Wall and he cheng, and threatened Chang 'an. Sanfu has more than 50 thousand people responding. But Sima Xun didn't have much strength, and there were still many people who saw the post-Zhao, so he didn't dare to delve into it. After capturing Nanyang, they withdrew to Liangzhou. After Chu Taizu returned to the DPRK, he heard the cries of the families of the soldiers who died, and died of shame and anger.

In the sixth year of Yonghe, Ran Min, the general of the post-Zhao Dynasty, wantonly killed the imperial clan, conference semifinals and Jie people of the post-Zhao Dynasty, calling himself Wei Emperor. Many generals in the post-Zhao Dynasty were divided and did not obey Ran Min. Seeing the opportunity of chaos in the Central Plains, the Eastern Jin Dynasty planned the Northern Expedition again. Yin Hao of Yangzhou was appointed as a general, a fake envoy, and the commander-in-chief of Yang, Yu, Xu, Yan and Qing. Those who joined the army (formerly known as Pu Hong) were Bian Wang, Anta, General Zheng of Peking University, Commander-in-Chief of Jizhou Military Region, Secretariat of Jizhou and Duke of Guang Chuan County. Fu Jian (formerly known as Pu Jian) was a fake festival, a right general, a military commander in Hebei Province, and a vassal of the country. Although the Eastern Jin Dynasty had the ambition of the Northern Expedition, Huan Wen, who was good at fighting, did not have to send Yin Hao, who was not good at military affairs, but Fu Hong and others were ambitious. They took advantage of the chaos in the north to enter the Guanzhong area, then based on the Guanzhong area and moved eastward to compete for the world. Therefore, although Fu Hong and others accepted the post of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, they secretly accepted the post of the Later Zhao Dynasty, with the intention of profiting from the chaos.

Yin Hao suffered successive northern expeditions and defeats, and lost a lot of military equipment. Huan Wen complained about Yin Hao in one's hand and in the other's hand, saying please recall Yin Hao. The court had to recall Yin Hao and exile him to Dong Yang as the principal. From then on, Huan Wen was able to monopolize power. Yin Hao is a teenager with the same reputation as Huan Wen, but he doesn't obey Huan Wen at heart, and Huan Wen looks down on Yin Hao. But Huan Wen still thinks that Yin Hao has a civilian talent, but he is not good at military affairs. The imperial court chose people improperly, and wanted to promote Yin Hao as an official secretary as a measure. Huan Wen wrote to Yin Hao, and Yin Hao wrote back, but at this time, Yin Hao was a little neurotic, always afraid that there was something wrong with the letter. As a result, he repeatedly opened the letter dozens of times, and finally sent an empty letter to Huan Wen. Huan Wen was furious and broke up with Yin Hao. Yin Hao finally died in Dongyang. Yin Hao has literary talent, but no military talent. The most important thing is that he can't hire people and win over talents. His handling of Yao Xiang has no effect on Yao Xiang except intensifying contradictions. Even if he assassinated Yao Xiang, Yao Xiang ministries would rise up and rebel, and make a scene. And the court used Yin Hao to contain Huan Wen, which was even worse. Yin Hao lost many years, and suffered heavy losses, and missed several favorable opportunities for the Northern Expedition. When Huan Wen was able to monopolize the power and go all out to the Northern Expedition, Qian Qin and Yan Qian had already established a certain foundation in the North, and the difficulty of the Northern Expedition increased.

When the chaotic situation in the north gradually stabilized, the main enemies faced by the Eastern Jin Dynasty were the former Qin Dynasty, which occupied Guanzhong, and Yan Qian, which pacified Hebei and advanced into Henan. The Murong family in Yan Qian used to be dominated by the Eastern Jin Dynasty, but when they became strong and their territory expanded, Murong Jun became the emperor himself. Zhang Zuo, who ruled Liangzhou, was ostensibly a courtier of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Huan Wen wanted to promote the Northern Expedition after monopolizing power. Qianyan just perished and the military situation was very prosperous. However, due to the Zhang Yu rebellion in the former Qin Dynasty, many people in Guanzhong turned against Qin. Behind the former Qin dynasty, there were Liangzhou people who could coordinate with the Eastern Jin Dynasty. So Huan Wen chose the former Qin Dynasty as the goal of the Northern Expedition. In the 10th year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Huan Wen led 40,000 cavalry out of Jiangling. The water army entered Junkou from Xiangyang and arrived in Nanxiang, and the infantry directly took Wuguan from Xichuan. Huan Wen also ordered the secretariat of Liangzhou Sima Xun to attack the former Qin Dynasty in Ziwu Valley, and as a partial teacher, he coordinated the main attack. Huan Wen's army is elite and brave. Huan Wen's Ministry will capture Shangluo first, but before they capture it, Guo Jing's secretariat Qin Jingzhou will break the green mud. Sima Xun attacked the western border of the former Qin Dynasty, and Wang Zhuo, the secretariat of Qin Zhou in Liangzhou, also attacked Chencang to echo Huan Wen's Northern Expedition. The situation and trend of being attacked on three sides made the situation in the former Qin Dynasty precarious. Fu Qin sent Prince Fu Jian, Prime Minister Fu Xiong, King Fu Sheng of Huainan, King Fu Jing of Pingchang, and Wang Fu of Beiping to join forces with Huan Wen in Yao (with mountains on the left and Yao on the right) in an attempt to defeat the main force of Huan Wen in one fell swoop. Gold and war were fought in Lantian, and the former king of Huainan in Qin Dynasty was unusually brave. He rode alone in a sudden attack and killed more than a dozen times in the Jin army, killing many Jin soldiers. Huan Wen is not weak. He personally supervised the array and led the Jin army to fight. Finally, Qin Jun was defeated and suffered heavy losses. The prince was also shot by an arrow and was seriously injured. Huan Wen's younger brother, General Huan Chong, also defeated Fuxiong's army in Bailuyuan. Huan Wen fought all the way to Bashang, and Enemy at the Gates matched Chang 'an. Fu Chi led the defeated troops to retreat to the south of Chang 'an, and Fu Jian, the master of Qin, led the old and weak 6,000 to stick to the inner city of Chang 'an. Thirty thousand soldiers who can be mobilized, led by Fu Lei's weak son, will join Fu Chi's men to jointly defend Huan Wen. In the face of Huan Wen's fierce offensive, Fu Jian had to stick to its strategy. As far as Huan Wen's prestige is concerned, Sanfu County has come to demand surrender. Huan Wen told residents that this is their own job. The people gave Jin Jun fine wine and wine, and looked at Jin Jun's military ability. From time to time, old people cry and sigh: I don't want to see the arrival of the loyalist again today. While the former Qin Dynasty was defending Chang 'an, Fu Xiong commanded 7,000 elite cavalry to attack Sima Xun in Meridian Valley, and Sima Xun defended Nuwa Castle. In Liangzhou, Wang Zhuo attacked Chencang and killed Maonan, which was called Qin Fufeng in history. Wang Meng, a native of Beihai, lives in seclusion in Huayin, reads widely, is ambitious and informal. He heard the news of Huan Wen's entry into the customs and went to see Huan Wen. Wang Meng caught lice in front of Huan Wen and spoke loudly. Huan Wen secretly marveled. He asked Wang Meng: I was ordered by Tian Zi to lead 100,000 troops to kill pests for the people, but none of the heroes of Sanqin surrendered. Why? Wang Meng replied: Your Excellency has traveled thousands of miles and gone deep into the enemy's territory, but you are only a stone's throw away from Chang 'an, so people don't understand your intention, so they don't come. This hit the nail on the head, pointing to Huan Wen's heart. Huan Wen was silent for a long time, and then said, Jiangdong has never surpassed talents like you. He appointed Wang Meng as a drink offering for the army. Huan Wen and Fuxiong fought in Bailuyuan again, and 8 Jin J lost this time, losing tens of thousands of people. Huan Wen hung the army in the depth, and the logistics supply could not keep up. He was going to get food in Guanzhong, but the master of Qin saw through Huan Wen's intention, cut the wheat in advance and cleared the field. The Jin army was short of food and grass and had to retreat. Huan Wen moved troops in Guanzhong with more than 3,000 households. He wanted to take Wang Meng with him, but Wang Meng declined. The anti-Qin forces in Guanzhong also led more than 10,000 people to retreat with Huan Wen. So he led Fu and chased after him. 8 jin j retreated to tongguan, losing tens of thousands of people. Fuxiong defeated Sima Xun and Wang Zhuo in Chencang, Sima Xun retreated to Hanzhong, and Wang Zhuo retreated to Lueyang. Before Huan Wen's Northern Expedition, Qin finally failed.

Huan Wen paid attention to the experience of seizing Yizhou, so this northern expedition was determined to go deep alone and try to make a quick decision. But the former Qin dynasty was not as stable as the Han dynasty, and its interior was also more stable than the Han dynasty. Moreover, after the defeat in the first battle, the former Qin adopted the correct strategy of strengthening the wall and clearing the field, aiming at exhausting the 8 Jin Army. Huan Wen did not attach importance to logistics, so after the stalemate, the weakness of lack of food and grass was exposed. He sent troops to Pakistan, not because he didn't want to break Chang 'an, but because he tried to wait for the former Qin to fight back and wipe out the main force of the former Qin in one fell swoop, just like fighting Cheng Han at the gates of Chengdu. Because the demise of the pre-Qin dynasty made him gain greater prestige, rather than being evaluated by later generations. Garrison on the battlefield is entirely because of his ambition. Fu Jian is quite sophisticated, and has adopted the strategy of sticking to it, not being taken in by Huan Wen. And Wang Meng's words, is euphemistically advised Huan Wen to be bold. If Huan Wen took advantage of Lantian's victory and decisively attacked Chang 'an, the former Qin Dynasty would be in danger of falling apart. When Huan Wen was in An Lushan on the dam, Yang Shuntai kept Xue Zhen and advised Huan Wen to take Chang 'an directly, but Huan Wen didn't listen. Xue Zhen led his men to go deep alone and achieved a lot. Huan Wen retreated, and Xue Zhen had to retreat. Later, Xue Zhen proclaimed his bravery to people, believing that Huan Wen was killed by Huan Wen because of his persistence. It can be seen from Xue Zhen's actions that deepening is a very feasible strategy. However, Huan Wen was worried about the issue of hay, and he was also worried that the former Qin relied on the city to fight back. He planned to station troops on the battlefield, while owning surrounding counties, while raising hay on the spot, and then making progress. This delay restored Qin Jun's morale and led to the final defeat of the Jin army. The Northern Expedition, which had a good situation, failed because of Huan Wen's strategic planning mistakes. Wang Meng abandoned Huan Wen and Huan Wen killed Xue Zhen, all of which exposed Huan Wen's weakness. He is not good at listening to other people's opinions, nor is he good at employing people, and he trusts his own ability too much. All these will bring bad consequences to his future Northern Expedition.

In the 10th year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, thousands of refugees, such as Guo Chang, hijacked Chen Liu, a civil servant, and took refuge in Yao Xiang. This move shocked Jiankang, and the Eastern Jin court quickly sent troops to fortify along the Yangtze River, ready to defend the capital. Yao Xiang's men advised him to go back to the north, and Yao Xiang agreed. In the 11th year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Yao Xiang attacked Gao E, the champion general in Waihuang. Gao E suddenly died of illness, and Yao Xiang occupied Xuchang. In the twelfth year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Huan Wen wrote more than ten letters, demanding that the Eastern Jin court move the capital to Luoyang and restore the Garden Mausoleum. The imperial court did not give a reply, but worshipped Huan Wen as the conqueror, overseen the military attache of Hebei two states, and crusaded against the rebel Yao Xiang. Yao Xiang's rebellion really hurt the face of the Eastern Jin court, so he sent his troops to crusade. At this point, Yao Xiang is besieging Zhou Cheng who occupied Luoyang. Zhou Cheng clung to it, but Yao Xiang couldn't catch it. Huan Wen once again started the Northern Expedition from Jiangling, sent overseers to protect Gaowujin according to Luyang, and assisted the general Dai to station troops on the river. He personally led the army forward. Huan Wen and his staff climbed the stairs and looked north, looking at the Central Plains. Huan Wen lamented that Wang Yifu and others should take responsibility for the fall of China and the ruins of the century-old autumn. Justin, the bookkeeper, said: It's all people's fault. Huan Wen said excitedly: Once upon a time, Liu Biao had a big cow weighing 1000 Jin, which ate ten times as much as an ordinary cow, but it was not as good as a calf when carrying loads. When Cao Cao entered Jingzhou, he killed Daniel as a reward for the soldiers. Huan Wen issued these sighs, in addition to the rise and fall of love, but also expressed dissatisfaction with those in power, indignant that they did not have the ambition to recover lost ground, but also blocked their own Northern Expedition. When Huan Wen advanced to Yishui, Yao Xiang had to stop the siege of Luoyang. He ambushed elite soldiers in the Woods to the north of Shuibei, and sent messengers to Huan Wen, saying: Today, my Lord personally led a great army, and I want to surrender immediately. I hope you will let the army retreat a little, and I will come out to meet you. Huan Wen replied: I'm here to recover the Central Plains and restore the mausoleum of my late emperor, which has nothing to do with you. If you want to visit, it's right in front of you. Why bother the messenger? Yao Xiang's attempt to paralyze Huan Wen failed. So Yao Xiang array at the water's edge in an attempt to fight back, Huan Wen armour, bid in person, and ordered 8 jin j storm forward. Yao Xiang suffered a crushing defeat, losing thousands of people. Yao Xiang led thousands of his cavalry to flee to the north of Luoyang, then to Pingyang, and finally died in the battle with the former Qin Dynasty. Huan Wen led the troops to Luoyang, Zhou surrendered, and Huan Wen paid homage to the mausoleum of the first emperor, set up an official to protect the mausoleum, and repaired the destroyed mausoleum. Huan Wen recommended Xie Shang, the general of Zhenxi, as commander-in-chief of Yuzhou, guarding Luoyang. Xie Shang hasn't arrived yet Huan Wen left two thousand troops stationed in Luoyang, led by Mao, Chen Wu and Dai, the satrap of Yingchuan, and moved more than three thousand people between the Yangtze River and the Han River. Huan Wen took Zhou Cheng and returned to Jingzhou with a great army.

The success of the Northern Expedition was due to the fact that the former Qin and the former Yan had not yet competed in the Central Plains, and Yao Xiang was relatively weak. Huan Wen asked the Eastern Jin court to return the capital, and some of them were too hasty. Immigrants have lived in Jiangnan for a long time, and the situation has been stable. In the war-torn Central Plains, the production has been greatly damaged and the population is sparse. Grain needs to be transported from Jianghan area, and it is temporarily impossible to return to Beijing. Huan Wen is obviously not ready to take charge of the Central Plains for a long time. If he followed Zu Ti's strategy, recruited people from the northern refugees, cultivated land in the Central Plains, slowly resumed production, trained troops, consolidated the northern expedition base in the Central Plains first, and then petitioned, the situation would be different. If not, he can push the starting point of the Northern Expedition from Jingzhou to Luoyang. And Huan Wen only pays attention to his own site in Jingzhou, without considering the idea of running the Central Plains. Although the Northern Expedition regained this strategic position, it did not play much role later. Yan Qian's influence gradually expanded, and he fought with the Eastern Jin Dynasty for many times in Xuzhou, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty was at a disadvantage. Xunxian, the secretariat of Xuzhou in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, once captured this mountain, but was quickly countered by Yan Qian and lost the city. When Xun Xian was in office, he could hardly stand at loggerheads with Yan Qian. After Xunxian left office, the defense of the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the Central Plains was even more neglected. Xie Wan, who succeeded Xie Shang as the secretariat of Yuzhou, is a boaster. He has no ability to unify the army at all, and he has never encouraged and appeased soldiers. Wang Xizhi once wrote a letter to Huan Wen, thinking that it was simply inappropriate to appoint him as a military commander. Wang Xizhi also wrote a letter to Xie Wan, urging him to get close to the soldiers and share weal and woe with them, but Xie Wan simply ignored him. In order not to let Huan's family have too much power, the imperial court awarded such an important military post to Xie Wan. Xie Wan's brother Xie An is also deeply worried. He suggested that Xie Wan win over his generals and make them happy. Xie Wan summoned the Ministry, but he didn't say a word. He just pointed to the generals present and said, you generals are all good soldiers and strong generals. In this way, the generals will only feel insulted and hold a grudge against Xie Wan even more. Xie An can't help wiping his ass. Xie An personally met with Shuai's distribution team to win them over and prepare for Xie Wan's future. In the third year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Zhuge You of Taishan Prefecture led an amphibious army of 20,000 troops to attack Yan Qian, entered Shimen, stationed troops in He Zhu, and commented on Wang Murong of Shang Yong, Yan Qian. Yan Fu of Changle Prefecture led 50,000 cavalry to meet Zhuge You in East Asia, and 8 Jin Army was defeated. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Xie Wan led troops to station troops under Cai's command, and the secretariat of Tan stationed troops in Gaoping to prepare for the Northern Expedition. Xie Wan led the troops into the Wohe River and He Yinghe River to reinforce Luoyang. It happened that Xi Tan was ill and had to return to Cheng Peng. Xie Wan thinks that Yan Jun is very strong and can't get in by himself. Now that Tan has retreated, he is ready to retreat immediately. As a result, his men took the opportunity to break up. Xie Wan fled in a panic, and his soldiers planned to kill him. Finally, for Xie An's sake, I spared his life. Xie Wan was demoted as a civilian by the Eastern Jin court, and Tan was also reduced to Jianwu General. As a result, Xuchang, Yingchuan, Qiaocheng and Pepe were occupied by Yan Qian. I really don't understand the employment of people in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Clearly there is a lesson like Yin Hao, but people like Xie Wan are used again, and a large area of land is lost.

In the four years of his life, Huan Wen sent his younger brother Huan Huo to capture Xuchang and defeated Chen Murong, the former general of Yan Dynasty, and his men. In the first year of Longhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the former Yan general Land Rover attacked Luoyang, and the Yuzhou satrap Dai fled to Wancheng. Only one thousand people, Chen You, the commander of Luoyang, rushed to the court for emergency. Huan Wen sent Deng Ya, the prefect of Jingling, to lead the water army to reinforce Luoyang with 3,000 men. Huan Wen Shangshu court requested to move the capital to Luoyang, and invited all the people who moved to the south of the Yangtze River since Yongjia Rebellion to move northward to enrich Henan. The author Sun Chuo made a suggestion: He thought that Huan Wen's move was far-sighted, but it was too hasty. Northern immigrants have lived in Jiangnan for decades and laid a foundation, but the principle of China is in ruins and the environment is sinister. If forced to move, it will inevitably cause great chaos. It is better to send capable and prestigious generals to guard Luoyang and govern Henan first, and then talk about moving the capital after the road of grain transportation is opened, the wasteland has certain savings, the enemy is far away, and the Central Plains has a certain foundation. Sun Chuo's opinion is very reasonable, but Huan Wen can't adopt it, blaming Sun Chuo for meddling. There were a lot of objections in the court, and finally the matter went away. Sun Chuo's opinion can be considered, but the court of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was located in the south of the Yangtze River, and did not make this plan at all. Although Huan Wen's Northern Expedition was ambitious, it lacked the patience of long-term fighting and the foresight of Zu Ti. If he could make good use of the refugees in the north, he would have accomplished a lot. Later, the northern government soldiers in Xie Xuan recruited brave men among the northern refugees. Land Rover attacked Luoyang and was countered by the Eastern Jin army. Zhong Yan was killed, and the former Yanjun retreated to the north of the Yellow River. Deng Xia entered Tun New Town, and Yuan Zhen, a corps commander in the west, entered Tun Runan, transporting 50,000 tons of grain and rice to Luoyang. The Eastern Jin Dynasty finally saved Luoyang. General Zhennan attacked, Taishou Yuan and Yu Changping. Zhu Bin, the satrap of Runa, stepped in and took Xuchang directly. In the second year of Longhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Yan Qian sent a teacher, Murong Ping, and a general, Li Hong, to seize Henan. Li Hongxian attacked Xuchang and Runan, and defeated Jin Jun in Hangxuan. Li Fu, the satrap of Yingchuan, died in battle, Zhu Bin, the satrap of Runa, fled to Shouchun, Zhu Fu, the satrap of Chen County, retreated to Pengcheng, and Huan Wen sent Yuan Zhen, the corps commander of Xiliang, to resist Yan Qian's attack. Huan Wen led the water army into Hefei, and Yan Qian captured Xuchang, Runa and Chenjun, and moved more than 10,000 households to Youwei and Hebei, staying behind. Murong Ke, former Yan Taizai, attacked Luoyang again. He first appealed to the local strongmen near Luoyang, and then sent generals to station troops around Luoyang to cut off the rescue road in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. As his father, Shen Chong, died in rebellion, Jin Shen was determined to make meritorious deeds and take revenge. The Yan army advanced on Luoyang, and the defending champion general Chen You had only more than 2,000 men. Kim applied for military service. Jin Shen was appointed as the general in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and led more than 1000 volunteers recruited by him to reinforce Luoyang. Jin Shen defeated the Yan army's attack many times with fewer enemies. However, Luoyang has become an isolated city, and the food supply has dried up. Chen You estimated that Luo Yang might not be able to hold on. In the name of rescuing Xuchang, Jin Shen left 500 men to defend Luoyang, and the rest of the troops left Luoyang. Jin Shen was not worried about the sinister situation, but said happily: My ambition is to die for my country, and today I finally got this opportunity. Xuchang fell, and Chen You fled to the new town. Yue Xi, former general Yan, led the army to occupy the rest of Henan. In the third year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Sima Yu learned that he had given up Luoyang, and discussed the northern expedition with Huan Wen, who had served as a fu, in order to counter the attack. It happened that Emperor Ai Jin died at this critical moment, and the Northern Expedition had to be postponed. Murong Ke and Mu Rongchui led an army to surround Luoyang and launched a siege war. Jin Shen put up a tenacious resistance, but the troops were too thin. Finally, the city was captured and died unyielding. At this point, the lost land recovered by Huan Wen's last Northern Expedition was recovered. Fu Jian, a former Qin dynasty, acceded to the throne after killing the Qin master, and Wang Meng assisted him, and his national strength grew stronger. In the first year of Taihe, in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wang Meng, a former general of Qin Dynasty, and Yao Chang, a former general, led twenty thousand troops to attack Jingzhou. When confronted with the resistance of Huan Huo, the secretariat of Jingzhou, the former Qin plundered more than 10,000 households in Anyang and lost ground. Former general Yan Fujun attacked Yanzhou after Wang Murong and Li Hou, and conquered several counties such as Lu and Gaoping. Zhao Yi, the satrap of Nanyang in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, occupied Wancheng, surrendered to Yan Qian, and sent Zhao Pan, commander-in-chief of the Southern Army, to enter Wancheng from Luyang. Chen Murong of Yan Qian invaded Jingling again and was defeated by Chong Luo, the satrap. Jingzhou secretariat Huan Huo, Jingling satrap Chong Luo attacked Wancheng, Zhao Yi fled hastily and retreated to Luyang, followed by 8 Jin Jun, who broke the Yan army in Luocheng and captured it alive, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty recovered Wancheng. In the next few years, the eastern Jin border was relatively calm. In the fourth year of Taihe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Huan Wen began the third Northern Expedition. He set out from Guzhu with 50,000 infantry. Huan Wen set out from Yanzhou for the Northern Expedition, and thought that the journey was too long, the Bianshui was too shallow, and it was difficult to transport water. Huan Wen wouldn't listen. When Huan Wen arrived in Jinxiang, the waterway was broken because of drought. Huan Wen sent the champion general Mao to chisel the giant field for three hundred miles to draw water from Brunei. Huan Wen sailed into the Yellow River from Qingshui for hundreds of miles, full of military capacity. Chi Chao also suggested that Huan Wen, it is difficult to cross the Yellow River from the clear water. If the enemy insists on not fighting and cuts off the route for providing foodstuff, the situation will be very dangerous. Chi Chao gave Huan Wen two strategies: do it quickly. Make a quick decision and take an army to Yecheng, and the enemy will fear that Huan Wen's fame and fortune will go far away. If you go out of town to fight, the outcome can be decided. If the enemy sticks to Yecheng, it is midsummer, and the people are scattered in the wild, all of them belong to the 8 Jin Army, and the south of Xiao will join the 8 Jin Army. But this plan is too hasty and the outcome is unpredictable. If you are serious, you will station troops on the river to cover the transportation of grain, and then join the Jin army next summer after the material reserve is completed. Although it is a little late, it can guarantee success. In addition, neither of the two strategies, North Rush and Depth, can quickly confront the enemy, and retreat will be very tiring. The enemy can't hold on, and in autumn and winter, it will be more difficult to transport food in shallow water. It's very cold in the north, and 8 Jin Army lacks winter clothes. By that time, I'm afraid there will be more than just food shortage. Xi Chao put forward two strategies, taking into account the logistics problems of 8 jin j northern expedition, hit the nail on the head, Huan Wen didn't listen. Huan Wen sent Jianwei general Tan Xuan to conquer Land Rover and captured Murong Zhong, the former general of Yanningdong. Yan Qian, with Wang Pi and Mu Rongchui as the commander in chief, led twenty thousand cavalry to meet 8 jin j in Xu Huang. Yan Qian's army was defeated again, and Mu Rongchui escaped alone. Qian Yan Gaoping, Xu Taishou, surrendered to the county. Jin forward Deng Xia and Zhu Xu defeated the general of Yan State in Zhu Lin. Yan Qian sent Le MuRongZhang to lead the troops against Huan Wen, and MuRongZhang also lost in succession. So he sent Li Feng to Qin for help.

It is difficult to achieve reunification, taking the Eastern Jin and Northern Expedition as an example. During the Northern Expedition in Jian Wendi, Huan Wen did not go north actively, but moved east to Wuchang to seize power. When attacking Guanzhong, it stopped at Suishui and lost its fighter plane. Instead of attacking Chang 'an jointly with Sima Xun, let the enemy divide and rule. After defeating Sima Xun, he returned to Bailuyuan in World War II and defeated Huan Wen, which led to the failure of the Northern Expedition. The concept and purpose of the generals who carried out the Northern Expedition decided the success or failure of the Northern Expedition. Huan Wen is based on personal interests, and naturally it will not take reunification as its ideal. What's more, Xue Zhen, who actively demanded the achievements in attacking Chang 'an and crossing the river, was framed and attacked. Later, Xie Wan, who was not good at using soldiers, was appointed as the leader to compete with Jian Wendi's appointment of Xie Wan as the secretariat. The purpose was to win over the Xie family, not for national security, regardless of Wang Xizhi's dissuasion. All this reflected his personal ambition. Although Xie An was eventually made an aide to repay the favor, Xie Wan was demoted after the defeat, which also made Xie An feel bad about Huan Wen and recognized his personal purpose.