Why do Chenzhou people speak Sichuan dialect?

It is said that Chenzhou is a part of Hunan and should belong to a kind of Hunan dialect, but Chenzhou dialect is the southwest mandarin. The geographical location of Chenzhou is far from Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou. Why are dialects so similar?

Southwest Mandarin, formerly known as Shangjiang Mandarin, is a branch of Mandarin, which is distributed in most Chinese-speaking areas of Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan and Guizhou, as well as parts of Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Shaanxi and Gansu. In addition, there are dialect islands in Jiangxi, which are divided into Chongqing, western Yunnan, northern Guizhou, Kunming, Guanchi, northern Hubei, Wutian, Jiang Cen, southern Guizhou and southern Hunan.

Southwest Mandarin is divided into Southwest Mandarin, which is the most consistent dialect among Chinese dialects. The characteristic of southwest mandarin is that it is pronounced in Yangping today, and the tone values of most dialects are also very close.

Therefore, it can be said that reading Yangping's Chinese in ancient times must be Southwest Mandarin; Dialects with tones or falling tones in ancient times are read today. Chinese with tones similar to those commonly used in Southwest Mandarin must also be Southwest Mandarin.

Southwest Mandarin is the dialect with the largest population and the widest region among Chinese dialects. Its population accounts for 1/3 of the total population of Putonghua, which is equivalent to the total population of Xiang dialect, Cantonese and Min dialect. At the same time, the phonology of Southwest Mandarin is the simplest even in Mandarin. Except for the * * * similarity of voiced and unvoiced Mandarin, most of Southwest Mandarin does not distinguish between flat and tongue sounds, most of them do not distinguish between Fu and Hu (even mixed with h_f), nor do they distinguish between N and L (but there are many antonyms of ngi-n(l)), vowels do not have -m, and at the same time, they do not distinguish between ing and in. Most of the entering tone words are classified as rising tone, which is simple in classification, not as complicated and chaotic as the three tones of Beijing Mandarin, but some of them are retained as tones or classified as other tones. Southwest Mandarin has many similarities with Xiang dialect, Hakka dialect, Cantonese and Gan dialect, and it is a transitional southern Mandarin.

In the pre-Qin period, Sichuan held the Bashu language of the Burmese language group. 3 16 years ago, the Qin dynasty destroyed Bashu and immigrated. Bashu officials began to speak Mandarin in the Central Plains, and Han Chinese migrated to Sichuan in the Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang also organized immigrants to Sichuan. In Yongjia Rebellion, Late Tang Rebellion and Jingkang Rebellion, people from the Central Plains moved to Sichuan in succession. In the Yuan Dynasty, Liang Yi dialect had been formed in Sichuan, which combined Bashu dialect and Shaanxi dialect. Due to the wars and natural disasters in the Southern Song Dynasty and the end of Yuan Dynasty, the population of Sichuan decreased sharply. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, the immigrants who entered Sichuan with the Ming Dynasty came from Hubei, while those who entered Sichuan at the beginning of Ming Dynasty mainly came from Hubei. These Hubei immigrants (now called old households and aborigines by Sichuanese) were mainly Macheng in Jianghuai area, and most Macheng people were originally from Jiangxi. Based on Southwest Mandarin, Sichuan dialect in Ming Dynasty absorbed the mixture of Gan dialect and Liang Yi dialect and formed Sichuan dialect. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the population of Sichuan was hit hard again, which led to Huguang (especially Hubei) filling Sichuan again. In the Ming Dynasty, Sichuan dialect and Hubei dialect merged into today's Sichuan dialect. In the early Ming Dynasty, a large number of people immigrated to Yunnan and Guizhou in the form of garrison, while in the Qing Dynasty, the immigrants accepted by Yunnan and Guizhou mainly came from Sichuan, Hunan and Jiangxi, so the southwest Mandarin of Yunnan and Guizhou was also greatly influenced by Jianghuai Mandarin and Gan Dialect.

Southwest Mandarin includes 1 1 piece: ① Chengdu, Deyang, Mianyang, Nanchong, Dazhou, Panzhihua, Chongqing, 19 counties and cities centered on Yichang-Jingmen in western Hubei, 3 counties in northwest Hunan, Liuba-Foping-Ningshan-Zhenping-Gao Lan in southern Shaanxi. ② Guanchi film: Minjiang film (Luzhou-Yibin-Leshan-Xichang city, Tongzi-Renhuai-Yanhe-Yinjiang county in Guizhou province, Daguan-Suijiang-Shuifu in Yunnan province), Renfu film (Neijiang city-Zigong city-Renshou county-Fushun county), Ya 'an film (Ya 'an city-Shimian county) and Lichuan film. ③ Northern Guizhou: 27 counties and cities centered on Zunyi-Liupanshui-Bijie in northern Guizhou, Weixin-Yiliang-Zhenxiong in Yunnan Province, Xiushan County in Chongqing, Zhijiang-Huaihua-Fenghuang-Xinhuang-Jishou in Hunan Province; ④ Western Yunnan: Dali City in western Yunnan-Dayao County-Baoshan City-Luxi City-Shan State in Myanmar; ⑤ Kungui Film: Kunming-Zhaotong-Qujing-Yuxi-Chuxiong-Gejiu-Kaiyuan in central and eastern Yunnan Province, ningnan county in Sichuan Province and Guiyang-Anshun in Guizhou Province; ⑥ Jiang Cen film: Zhenyuan-Cengong-Liping-Jinping-Taijiang 12 county in southeastern Guizhou, Jingzhou-Tongdao in Hunan; ⑦ Qiannan: Kaili-Duyun-Guiding County in southern Guizhou Province; 8 Northern Hubei: Xiangfan-Shiyan-Danjiangkou-Laohekou-Suizhou; 9 Wumen Film: Wuhan, Linxiang County, Hunan Province; Attending southern Hunan: Yongzhou and Chenzhou in southern Hunan Province; ① Guiliu tablets: 56 counties and cities in Guangxi Province with Liuzhou-Guilin-Baise-Hechi as the center; ② Military dialect: Changjiang County-Dongfang City-Danzhou City-Sanya City, Hainan Province. The dividing line between southwest mandarin and southern dialect is the north-south cultural line.

The dividing line between Southwest Mandarin and Central Plains Mandarin is: Hubei-Henan-Hubei-Shaanxi-Niutoudian-Chongqing Dongan-Chongqing-Shaanxi-Zhengyang-Huali-Langaobei-Donghe-Ziyang East-Hanwang-Hanyin West-Wang Mu-Zhenanbei-Shiweng-Zhashui East-Yingpan-Huo Guang Street-Foping Northwest-Jinshui East-Liuliu.