How to evaluate robespierre's merits and demerits in the French Revolution?

Maximilian Fran? ois Marie Isdo de robespierre (maximilian Fran? OIS Marie Isidore de Robespierre (1May 6, 758-1July 28, 794) was a French revolutionary, an important leader during the French Revolution and the actual head of the jacobins government.

Robespierre was born into an Irish immigrant family in Alas, Calais, northern France. His father is a lawyer. He is the eldest of four children. He lost his mother at the age of 9, so his father left home and traveled around until he died in Munich, Germany. Their children are raised by their grandmother and have irregular menstruation. 1770 went to study in the law department of Sorbonne University in Paris, 1780 got a bachelor's degree, 1782 got a law degree, returned to China to become a lawyer, and later served as a court judge. Resigned as a judge for opposing the death penalty, 1783 served as the president of Alasi College.

He became a famous lawyer representing the poor in his hometown, a believer in Rousseau's thought and opposed the monarchy. When the third-level meeting was held in France, a letter to the people of artois on the necessity of reform was published (according to the division at that time, Alas belonged to artois County), and 1789 was elected as the third-level representative by the people of Alas and artois. He spoke more than 500 times at the Constitutional Convention and soon became a central figure, known as the "incorruptible faction". He was elected secretary of the Constituent Assembly from 65438 to 0790. He resolutely defended universal suffrage and opposed the king's veto. When the Constituent Assembly was dissolved, the Parisian people held a victory parade for robespierre. Later, he became a member of the Jacobin Club.

Robespierre was excluded because the newly established Legislative Assembly did not allow members of the original Constituent Assembly to participate, but he was still very active politically. He founded the Defender of the Constitution, and the Paris Commune was established by the Paris People's Uprising in August 1792, standing side by side with the Legislative Assembly, and he was elected as the head of the delegation attending the Legislative Assembly. On September 22 of the same year, the new National Association was established, announcing the abolition of the imperial system and the establishment of the Republic of China. In February 65438, the king was interrogated. He spoke 1 1 times and strongly demanded the execution of King Louis XVI.

1793 In May, at the proposal of robespierre, the National Association passed the Food Price Limit Act, but the National Association began to persecute the revolutionary commune and arrested Mara. On May 26th, he called on the people to revolt and overthrow the former members of the National Association. On June 4th, he was elected as the new chairman of the National Association, and presided over the adoption of the new constitution, which guaranteed citizens' freedom of person, belief, publication, petition and association, right to education and social relief, and stipulated that if the government violated people's rights, people had the right to resist.

13 In July, Mara was assassinated by royalists. On the 26th, the Citizens' Association authorized the Public Security Committee to arrest the suspect. On the 27th, robespierre joined the Public Security Committee, reorganized the revolutionary court, simplified the trial procedure, implemented Jacob's dictatorship, and punished criminals and revolutionary traitors with revolutionary terror policy, which was known as "terror rule" in history. Many innocent people were falsely accused and killed, and thousands of people were guillotined. These people include relatives of kings and most nobles. Some people criticize this policy as "planting nine families" and violating human nature. He newly formed a revolutionary army, defeated foreign intervention troops, and successively repelled the allied forces of Prussia, Austria, Britain and the Netherlands. 1794 In February, the "Yue Feng Law Order" was promulgated, and the property of the "public enemy" was confiscated and distributed to patriots. Denton and others, who were staunch revolutionaries before, but advocated tolerance and relaxed repression, were guillotined.

/kloc-0 withdrew from the public security Committee in June, 794. On July 26th, he gave a four-hour speech at the National Association, admitting that the terrorism policy was too extensive. The MPs at the bottom shouted, "Denton's blood is boiling!" On July 27th (9th of hot month), the Revolutionary Commune mobilized its armed forces and put them under the command of robespierre, but he refused to lead the uprising and the troops loyal to him began to disband. The National Association announced that he was deprived of his citizenship, and the guild guards went to arrest him. He attempted suicide and was guillotined with his followers. It's for the hot moon coup.

There is a lot of controversy about him. His supporters believe that robespierre is a man with a sense of responsibility and spirit of sacrifice, a great patriot and the backbone of the French Revolution. His opponents think that he is extremely cruel, killing innocent people and creating mob dictatorship. He had a far-reaching influence in French and world history. Lenin and Stalin, the leaders of the proletarian revolution in the 20th century, believed that robespierre's dictatorship had dealt a blow to the aristocratic restoration forces, and the advantages outweighed the disadvantages.