Water conservancy project construction and the development of ecological environment?

Compared with the major developed countries in the world, the development level of hydropower resources in China is still relatively low, especially at present, the development of hydropower resources can only reach more than 10%, while some developed countries even reach more than 90%. This huge gap shows that we will accelerate the construction process of water conservancy projects for a long time to come. However, how to correctly handle the relationship between water conservancy project construction and ecological environment has always been a big problem before us. Based on this realistic background, this paper takes the influence of water conservancy project construction on ecological environment as the main research object, makes in-depth and detailed discussion and analysis on the basis of briefly describing water conservancy project construction, and finally puts forward practical suggestions and countermeasures, hoping to provide some basis and reference for everyone.

1 preface

China is still in the primary stage of socialism at present and for a long time to come, and rapid economic development is also an inevitable trend. Relevant research shows that in order to effectively solve the shortage of water resources and better meet the actual needs of economic development and flood control, it is still necessary to speed up the construction of large-scale water conservancy projects. It can be seen that it is particularly important to study the impact of water conservancy projects on the ecological environment.

2 the impact of water conservancy project construction on the ecological environment

When it comes to the impact of water conservancy projects on the ecological environment, it is usually reflected in the following aspects:

2. 1 Impact of water conservancy project construction on climate The climate situation is usually controlled by atmospheric circulation. However, once the water conservancy project is completed, the original land will be replaced by water bodies and the local air will be humidified, which means that the local climate will change, especially in terms of rainfall and temperature.

2. Impact of1.1on rainfall. The influence of water conservancy project construction on rainfall is usually manifested in the increase of rainfall, the change of regional distribution of rainfall and the change of precipitation time. First of all, rainfall will increase, mainly because water conservancy projects often form a large area of water storage. Through the radiation of sunlight, evaporation will increase greatly, which will eventually lead to an increase in rainfall. Second, the change of regional distribution of rainfall. After the completion of water conservancy projects, due to the influence of large-scale water storage, it often produces a certain low temperature effect, which leads to the change of rainfall distribution area. Under normal circumstances, the rainfall in the reservoir area and its adjacent areas decreases, while the rainfall in the peripheral areas beyond a certain distance increases. Finally, the rainfall time changed. In hot summer, the water surface temperature is often lower than the actual temperature, the atmospheric convection is relatively weakened, and the rainfall will decrease; In winter, the water surface is relatively warm, the atmospheric convection is enhanced, and the rainfall will increase accordingly.

2. 1.2 Influence of water conservancy project construction on temperature. After the completion of the water conservancy project, the underlying surface of the reservoir area will be affected. The original land turns into water, which will lead to the change of energy exchange mode between the air to a certain extent, and finally lead to the change of temperature, usually manifested as a slight increase in temperature.

2.2 the impact of water conservancy project construction on hydrology

After the completion of the water conservancy project, the whole waterway will be affected. In particular, the downstream river channel is the most affected, which directly affects the changes of the surrounding environment. Taking the construction of a reservoir as an example, after the reservoir is completed, it is necessary not only to store water in flood season, but also to intercept the basic flow in non-flood season, which will lead to the decline of the downstream water level and even the interruption of water flow to a great extent, and ultimately affect the ecological environment. Once the river dries up, it will inevitably affect the downstream ecological deterioration and lead to the deterioration of water quality.

2.3 the impact of water conservancy project construction on water bodies

The construction of water conservancy projects will lead to the change of the original flow and running water. For example, due to the rising water temperature in the reservoir, the water quality is relatively poor, especially in the ditches and branches of the reservoir, which are prone to water pollution, such as water bloom; In addition, once the reservoir is filled with water, sleep expands, evaporation increases greatly, and water vapor and water mist increase. However, the impact of water conservancy projects on water bodies may be positive or negative.

2.4 Impact of water conservancy project construction on geology Water conservancy project construction may increase the probability of geological disasters such as earthquake, bank collapse and landslide.

2.4. 1 Water conservancy project construction and earthquake. Large reservoirs have strong water storage capacity, which will increase in-situ stress. After water seeps into faults, it will increase the lubrication degree between faults, and the water pressure in the gap between rocks will also increase, greatly increasing the probability of earthquakes.

2.4.2 The reservoir bank is easy to collapse. With the increase of reservoir capacity and water level, the shear strength of soil near the reservoir bank will decrease. Over time, it will lead to problems such as landslides.

2.4.3 Leakage of storage tank. With the leakage of the reservoir, the surrounding hydrological conditions will change. Once a reservoir is a sewage reservoir or a tailings pond, once it leaks, it will directly pollute the surrounding water.

2.5 Impact of water conservancy project construction on soil The impact of water conservancy project construction on soil is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

2.5. 1 soil soaking. The soil permeability in the flooded area is relatively poor, and the activity of microorganisms in the soil is reduced, which will eventually affect the growth and development of crops.

Soil swamping. Water conservancy projects cause the water level to rise, and so does the groundwater level. Over time, the soil can easily form a swamp. In addition, excessive soil moisture will accelerate the decline of plant roots, leading to breathing difficulties.

2.5.3 Soil salinization. Groundwater supplied by reservoir bank leakage rises to the surface by capillary action, and the salt in the water is concentrated by strong evaporation to form salinization on the surface. Excessive osmotic pressure of soil solution will cause physiological drought of plants.

3 Countermeasure analysis of coordinated development of water conservancy project construction and ecological environment

In order to give full play to the positive impact of water conservancy project construction and reduce the adverse impact on the ecological environment, the author believes that efforts should be made in the following aspects:

3. 1 The development of energy should be considered in the long run.

The construction of water conservancy projects should not only consider the immediate interests, but should be planned in strict accordance with the basic principles of large-scale water conservancy development, especially to change the engineering objectives of technical and economic optimization and truly realize the overall consideration of economic, ecological and social benefits.

3.2 Further improve relevant laws.

Further improve the relevant laws, especially in areas that need protection, such as nature reserves and scenic spots, delimit protected river sections and protected watersheds, prohibit the construction of water conservancy projects, and truly conduct scientific evaluation and strict examination on those water conservancy projects that may have a certain impact on the ecological environment, national nature reserves, national scenic spots and world heritage from the perspective of ecological construction and environmental protection.

3.3 According to local conditions, formulate appropriate development goals.

For a long time, referring to the cascade development model of river basin, the planning and development of regional hydraulic resources often pursue 100%. However, considering the complexity of immigration work and the increasing supplementary costs. Considering the protection of cultivated land resources and social stability, we should pay attention to local conditions and formulate practical development goals when planning and designing. For example, a river basin with less immigrants, less cultivated land and less ecological problems can be developed 100%. While the river basins with many immigrants, large cultivated land and serious ecological problems can be considered to focus on developing key river sections.

4 conclusion

To sum up, water conservancy project construction is the need of economic development and social development. However, the construction of water conservancy projects should consider not only social and economic benefits, but also ecological benefits, and truly realize the overall planning of the three.

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