American immigration history English edition

The United States, known as the "ethnic melting pot", is a typical immigrant country, and its immigration history can be traced back to 1620 at the earliest. For nearly 400 years, the United Nations has been a mixture of more than 100 countries, even the Statue of Liberty standing in new york and 1886 "immigrants" from France to the United States. Immigrants took their dreams and traveled to the ideal land, which set off several waves of immigrants in American history. It is no exaggeration to say that it is immigration that makes America, and it is the development of immigration that changes America.

Attracting immigrants was once the most important diplomatic mission of the United States.

When the United States was founded, its population was only 3.9 million. Except for about 760 thousand blacks, the rest are almost all white, mostly from western Europe. Concerned about the Napoleonic Wars in Europe and the domestic employment environment, the American government formulated some policies to restrict immigration at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China. Between 1796 and 18 15, the average number of European immigrants to the United States is only about 3,000 per year.

After Napoleon's war, Europe regained peace. With the retirement of a large number of soldiers, unemployment in Europe is becoming increasingly serious, and the number of immigrants to the United States is increasing. At this time, the United States also changed its policy of restricting immigration because of the needs of domestic construction. After the 1848 European Revolution, emigration to the United States was the climax of wave after wave. From 1820 to 1920 1820, about 33.5 million immigrants were accepted by the United States, forming a wave of American immigrants that lasted for a hundred years.

The first migration, which American historians call "the Great Migration Movement", took place from 1820 to 1820, and the total number of immigrants was 5 million. Immigrants mainly come from western Europe and northern Europe, including about 2 million Irish, about 1.7 million Germans, and a large number of African slaves sold to the United States. At the same time, there are also a few immigrants from Asia, mainly to the United States for gold.

The second wave of immigrants went from 186 1 to 186 1, and about 5 million immigrants arrived in the United States. After the Civil War, the United States ushered in the peak of industrialization and the demand for labor. In order to attract European immigrants to the United States, 1864, President Lincoln lobbied Congress to pass the Foreign Immigration Encouragement Act. Secretary Seward also issued an announcement to American diplomats in Europe, asking them to make attracting European immigrants one of their most important diplomatic missions. In order to recruit skilled workers from Europe to work in the United States, some enterprise groups recruit in Europe. They advertised in many European newspapers, printed pamphlets and painted attractive prospects with the desire of European settlers. Some companies also provide necessary funds for Europeans who want to immigrate to the United States.

The third climax was from 188 1 to 188 1, and the number of immigrants soared to 23.5 million. The migration peak is 1907 to 1907. At this stage, the U.S. government legislated many times to exclude European immigrants and Asian immigrants. The growth of "old immigrants" from northwest European countries such as Britain, Germany and Sweden is limited, but the growth of "new immigrants" from southeast European countries such as Italy and Russia is rapid.

After three times of immigration, the total population of the United States exceeded10 million for the first time in 1920. From 1820 to 1920, it shows that the number of immigrants has increased by more than 20% in the population.

The fate of immigrants changed America.

These three immigrants in American history not only had a far-reaching impact on the formation of American national character, but also made the United States rise rapidly in just over a hundred years, replacing Britain as the world's largest economic power, and laid the foundation for later becoming a world superpower. It can be said that immigration has made us strong.

In terms of immigration, the United States enjoys the privilege of obtaining thousands of skilled workers from Europe without education and training. According to statistics, 187 1- 1892, about 23% of the immigrants from western Europe and northern Europe are skilled workers. They brought steel, textiles and other industrial technologies, which is an important technical force in the American industrial revolution.

Known as "the father of American manufacturing", the 7th President of the United States, Jackson, after immigrating to the United States in samuel slater, succeeded in copying efficient cotton spinning machines and establishing cotton mills in the United States by stealing the secrets of British textile industry, which sounded the horn of the industrial revolution. The fathers of telephone inventor alexander bell and telegraph operator Samuel Morse are immigrants or descendants of immigrants. In addition, immigrants from Asian countries such as China, Japan and the Philippines brought agricultural and horticultural technologies, while Italian immigrants brought gas, electricity, water and other municipal construction technologies.

Among these immigrants, 85% are between the ages of 14 and 44, and most of them are men. When they were young, these immigrants provided labor for the cotton textile industry, mining industry and construction industry in the United States. In the tunnel and railway engineering states in the eastern United States, Irish, Germans, Italians and Nordic people. In the "westward movement" of American politics and society that changed in the early days, the role of Chinese workers was also remarkable.

Focusing on the railway construction, China paid labor, and successfully completed the construction of the Western Pacific Railway across the United States with blood and life under extremely difficult conditions. Today, you can also see a metal plaque along the railway in California, which reads "California, North and South". Mind, body and work. As Ryan Crocker, an advocate of recruiting workers, said: "The completion of the railway is largely due to the poor and despised working class-due to their loyalty and hard work." It later became a famous "vocabulary history" in the history of American immigrants.

Immigrants saved the Union in the American Civil War and contributed to the abolition of slavery. After the European 1848 Revolution, a large number of wealthy German immigrants came to the United States to experience the military. Many of these "German immigrants called 1848" became elites of the Republican Party and Lincoln. They helped organize the federal army and defend the Republican system. One of the most famous is Major General Carl Schurz. After the failure of the German Revolution, he moved to the United States in 1852 and took an active part in the anti-slavery movement. 186 1 year, he was appointed as the American ambassador to Spain. After the outbreak of the civil war, he volunteered to lead the troops into battle. In order to encourage German immigrants who supported Lincoln, he traveled between States to give speeches, with a total journey of nearly 40,000 kilometers.

In view of the exclusion reasons of the current immigration tide

In the immigration history of more than 100 years, immigration has been carried out in one way or another. As for the American government, its immigration policy is not immutable. From 18 15 to 1882, the US government will implement a completely free immigration system. However, since 1882, great changes have taken place in American immigration policy. Laws restricting and excluding immigrants were introduced one by one. Whi ch's rules are strange, like an idiot and a coward are forbidden to enter. After 1920, the United States completely passed the age of free immigration and introduced a policy of restricting immigration quotas.

Because of the contradiction between employment, religion and race, the United States developed into xenophobia during 1880- 1920. Japanese, Jews, Italians and Hungarians have become the targets of arbitrary exclusion and persecution by local workers and immigrants from northwest Europe. What's more, in May 1882, the National Assembly passed an exclusive bill explicitly prohibiting South China University of Technology from entering the United States, which was not abolished until 6 1 year later. During this period, the Protestant "American Patriots Union" and "Alliance" composed of local people and the first immigrants from northwest Europe came into being. Among them, the American Conservation Association, which was founded in 1887, was the most influential. During this period, political corruption, lagging municipal construction, rising crime rate and declining people's living standards in American society were all attributed to the arrival of new immigrants.

After World War II, with the rationalization of the American public's attitude towards immigrants, the contribution of immigrants to the United States was gradually recognized by most Americans. As Labor Secretary Zhao Xiaolan said, "Thank immigrants for their contribution to the United States. The huge wave of immigrants has brought rich cultural heritage to the United States and provided impetus for its development. \"