In the process of historical development, many policies have emerged. What is the "White Australia Policy"?

After European whites and their descendants occupied the Australian mainland, they hoped to monopolize it permanently, making it an expansion and extension of Europe. This is the so-called "White Australia" policy. The main exclusion targets of this policy are Asian and Pacific islanders "Kanaka people" who are mainly Chinese.

The gold rush declined in southeast Australia and flourished in the north. 1874, a gold mine was discovered in Palmer River, Queensland, and people from China flocked in again, resulting in the number of China workers in Palmer Gold Mine greatly exceeding the number of white miners, which caused the dissatisfaction of white people and the rise of hatred towards China people.

1877 the Queensland government amended the gold mining regulations to exclude China people. When the gold mine storm has not subsided, the strike of white sailors all over the country has dealt a new blow to China people. "Australasia Shipping Company" was the largest brand and the most well-funded shipping company in Australia at that time. Because China workers are hardworking, competent and low-paid, the company likes to employ China people as sailors and cooks. 1878165438+10, the company brought 100 China workers to Sydney. The white crew of the company thought that China had robbed them of their jobs, so they went on strike and opposed the employment of China workers. The company was forced to compromise and fired the last batch of China workers.

The victory of the white crew strike prompted the colony to take further anti-China measures. After the Chinese exclusion movement in the 1980s, the number of Chinese in Australia dropped sharply. China people who stay in Australia also live a de facto third-class life. Australia's attitude towards Kanaka workers has undergone a tortuous process of change. Kanaka laborers first entered Australia in 1863. Since then, more cheap black workers have entered the plantation. By the 1980s of 19, the attitude of white Australians towards the use of Kanaka laborers began to change. On the one hand, the wages of workers in Kanaka increased, on the other hand, many whites opposed the practice of accepting colored workers and advocated excluding all colored workers.

1896 In March, the Australian colony held an interregional meeting in Sydney and decided to extend the regulations restricting the working environment of Chinese workers to all people of color. 1897 British colonial secretary Joseph Chamberlain suggested to the representatives of Australian colonies that Australia should adopt the restrictive provisions of South African colony of Natal 1877 to achieve the purpose of restricting colored people from coming to Australia. The regulation stipulates that immigrants must pass a writing test in any European language before they are allowed to enter the country. The Australian colony accepted the proposal.

After the establishment of the Commonwealth of Australia, the "White Australia Policy" was further systematized and legalized, and was fully implemented throughout the Commonwealth. Although this provision has been revised several times in 1908,19 19 12, 1925, the principle of "dictation test" remains unchanged until/kloc-. In addition, federal and state legislation discriminates against people of color in other ways. Through the promulgation of a series of laws and regulations, Australia has officially played the banner of "White Australia" policy in law and practice. In implementing this policy, the Labour Party is more active than the Liberal Party. In fact, this policy is full of racial prejudice and discrimination, and its purpose is to let white Europeans monopolize Australia and not allow people of other colors to participate in development.