The difference between immigration support and actual immigration support.

As we all know, there have been numerous large-scale population migrations in the history of our country, and each migration has had a far-reaching impact on the population distribution of China in later generations, which objectively greatly promoted the economic development and the process of multi-ethnic cultural integration in China. For example, after Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he once "migrated to 120,000 households in Xianyang" to strengthen his rule over Guanzhong; In the late Western Jin Dynasty, Yongjia Rebellion (when the Jin Dynasty moved south), the people of the Central Plains went south to Jiangnan and Hunan to escape the war. By the time of the Northern Song Dynasty, the nomads invaded the south, and the Central Plains was once again covered with the emperor's dust, and people moved south again on a large scale to escape the war.

Throughout the whole history of China's population migration, it is not difficult to find that although the reasons for China's population migration are various, the most direct reasons are immigration and escape from war. It can be said that whenever the country encounters a major war, ordinary people who can't afford the war and former nobles who lose power will choose to move out. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, due to the development of navigation technology, great changes have taken place in China's population migration. In order to avoid persecution, people went to sea to make a living. After the defeat of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in the late Qing Dynasty, the remaining troops fled to South America and almost established a country. There are still 200,000 people in China who speak Cantonese!

Since the last years of Qianlong, the Qing Dynasty has shown a declining trend. After the Opium War, with the increasingly corrupt rule of the Qing Dynasty and the intensification of exploitation and oppression of the people, domestic class contradictions intensified day by day, and people's resistance struggles broke out one after another. The rulers of the Manchu Dynasty faced a profound crisis, and the feudal social system that hindered the development of China seemed to have come to an end. According to relevant statistics, in the decade after the Opium War, people of all ethnic groups spontaneously rebelled against the Qing Dynasty as many as 100 times. Located in the southwest of China, Guangxi has always been a multi-ethnic settlement. In order to pay high war reparations and city redemption fees, the Qing Dynasty imposed exorbitant taxes, natural disasters and man-made disasters, and finally a large-scale peasant uprising led by Hong Xiuquan broke out at the end of Daoguang 30 years.

The "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom" movement was a vigorous peasant uprising in the history of the late Qing Dynasty, which once swept half of the Qing Dynasty. From jintian uprising in 185 1 year to the capture of Tianjing by Zeng Guofan's Xiang army, the uprising lasted for 14 years, and its influence extended to China 18 province, which effectively dealt a blow to the feudal rule and foreign aggression in the Qing Dynasty. At the same time, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement also promoted the collapse of feudal society, stopped the process of China's colonization, and led the corrupt Qing Dynasty to the road of decline, leaving an extremely important page in the history of China.

It can be said that the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement has the hope of completely overthrowing the Manchu rule and re-establishing state power. However, due to the late corruption of Hong Xiuquan and other leaders, the core unity of the organization was never maintained, major military strategic decisions were repeatedly made mistakes, and diplomatic experience was lacking, which eventually led to failure under internal and external repression. 1864, after years of fighting, Zeng Guofan led the Xiang army to attack the capital Tianjing, and Hong Xiuquan's body was also dug up, ending the massive Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement in history. Zeng Guofan, who turned the tide, destroyed the Taiping Army after the city was broken, and all the leaders of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom were beheaded by the Qing Dynasty.

However, although the rebel leaders were punished, they left tens of thousands of remnants of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom after the war, which is very dangerous for these people. If all of them are killed, it will inevitably shock the whole country and leave the notoriety of prisoner abuse. And if all of them are sent back to their original places, they are afraid of endless troubles after the resurgence of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. If all these tens of thousands of prisoners were imprisoned, it would be absolutely unbearable for the Qing court at that time, which was at home and abroad. As a result, the Qing Dynasty, which was controlled by western powers at that time, sold them abroad as "contract workers". At that time, 30,000 people were sold to Chile as miners.

In order to survive, tens of thousands of Taiping Army officers and soldiers crossed the ocean with their relatives and were transported to Iquique to do the hard work of digging bird droppings and saltpeter. Iquique, located in the north of Chile in South America, is the capital of Tarapaca, bordering the Pacific Ocean in the west and the Akata Desert in the east. It is an important port city in Chile and the main saltpeter export port in Chile. /kloc-In the middle and late 20th century, due to the shortage of mineral resources with the development of science and technology, saltpeter was mainly used as the raw material of explosives, so natural Portuguese colonists urgently needed labor to develop their minerals.

The so-called "contract absenteeism" is not an equally respected worker in his imagination, but an out-and-out "slave". Since they are slaves, the more than 30,000 Taiping rebels have no dignity. Under the threat of the mine owner's armed guards, they endured the beating and abuse of their employers all day, often eating the last meal without the next one, and living a life close to hell on earth. After months of torture, everyone has a bad spirit in his heart. He thinks that no matter how bad he is, he is also a man who fought with a gun, but now he is threatened by foreigners with guns. As a result, the idea of "uprising" came into being in the hearts of these 30 thousand Taiping rebels, but at that time they were trapped in their empty hands and looked at the guards armed with live ammunition, so they could only choose to bear the burden of humiliation.

It was not until 1866 that there was a turning point: at that time, Peru and Bolivia were dissatisfied with the saltpeter business in Chile, and launched a saltpeter war around Iquique in order to compete for the saltpeter resources in the Atacama desert at the junction of the two countries. With the strength of Chile alone, the armies of the two countries are bound to be exhausted, and at this time they have no energy to look after tens of thousands of Taiping rebels. The Taiping Army obviously felt that the time was ripe and decided that this was an excellent opportunity to "seek freedom while taking advantage of chaos", so it elected Weng Derong of Hunan and Chen of Guangdong as leaders and rose up one after another to launch an uprising in the Iquique mining area.

In the face of the invasion of Peruvian army, Taiping Army resumed its original establishment, established its base camp by relying on mines, and laid an ambush on the way to Peruvian army with guns and cannons just seized, thus defeating Peruvian army in one fell swoop. In this campaign, the Taiping Army annihilated hundreds of Peruvian troops and seized nearly a thousand guns, which greatly enhanced its own strength and firmly planted a pennant symbolizing the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in the mine. Chile * * * saw that the Taiping rebels from afar were so powerful that they dared not send troops to crusade, so they sent someone to contact Zhaofu instead.

In view of the situation, after all, it is unrealistic for more than 30 thousand people to fight against a country. In order to ensure a good home after the uprising, Weng Derong wrote to the Chilean Army Command, expressing his willingness to submit to Chile and help Chile fight in Peru. So Silapizzo of Chile appointed Weng Derong as a major and Chen as a captain, and compiled the Taiping Army into the sixth border column of Chile, the "Brown Clothes Army", and ordered them to cooperate with the Chilean army to fight in Tarapaca, Peru, occupy Moquegua, and capture Iquique with the Chilean army.

Relying on their war experience and strong fighting capacity, these Taiping troops fought bravely against the enemy in the war. They first won the ambush battle in the famous Boneda fortress, and then cooperated with the Chilean army in the two battles of Tuhenna and Aarika, completely defeated the Bolivian-Peruvian Coalition forces and captured Iquique. It can be said that the later Brown Army made a lot of achievements in helping Chile, and Chile with the Brown Army was not afraid of the attacks of Peru and Bolivia. In the end, as expected, Chile won the saltpeter war.

After the war, Chile rewarded them for their achievements. In order to thank this Taiping Army, * * * decided to give Iquique as a gift to them and set up an autonomous town. With a quiet living place, they are not willing to continue fighting in a foreign country, but are willing to lay down their weapons, integrate into the local society and live a stable life. Therefore, the city of Iquique was preserved. Today, Iquique has not only the largest free trade zone in South China, but also an out-and-out "Chinese paradise", where American-like faces can be seen everywhere. According to statistics, there are 200,000 Chinese in the local area, accounting for about 1/4 of the local population.

It can be said that after the failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, 30,000 remnant troops were forced to flee to Chile in South America, becoming an independent paradise for the descendants of the Taiping Army in Iquique. Today, China still has many customs, even languages. Here, Chinese restaurants are pronounced as "Qifa" in the local language, which is said to have evolved from "eat" in Cantonese. Wonton is called "Wonton" by the local language, which is said to be the evolution of "Wonton" in Zhejiang dialect. Today, Iquique people are still very friendly to China people. Karas, the former executive deputy mayor of Iquique, made it clear that he is a Cantonese descendant and agrees with China culture very much! Later, he came to China several times at his own expense to follow in the footsteps of his ancestors.