The origin of the surname Hao and where is the Hao family ancestral hall

1. Origin of the surname

The surname Hao (Hǎo) has three origins:

1. It comes from the surname Zi, after its ancestor was the son of Emperor Yi. Named after the fiefdom. According to legend, Qi was the ancestor of Shang. He helped Yu with flood control and was appointed as a disciple by Shun. He was in charge of education and lived in Shang (now south of Shangqiu, Henan Province). According to legend, his mother gave birth to him because she swallowed the egg of a black bird (swallow), so she was given the surname son. The Shang clan continued to grow, and finally under the leadership of Sun Tang, the 14th generation of Qi, they overthrew Xia Jie's rule and established the Shang Dynasty. According to "Tongzhi Clan Briefing" and "Manuscripts of Words and Deeds of Mingxian Clan", when the 27th emperor Emperor Yi ascended the throne, the Yin Shang Dynasty granted his son Ziqi a title in Haoxiang, Taiyuan (today's Taiyuan, Shanxi Province). Later descendants also took the land as their surname and called it Hao. It is said that Haoxiang was located near today's Xidiao, Shaanxi Province, and was known as the authentic Hao family in history. As for when the Hao family received the surname, according to relevant historical data, it was roughly after the Shang Dynasty was destroyed by the Zhou Dynasty (11th century BC). According to the custom at that time, some of Ziqi's descendants were called the Hao family after the place of origin, and some were called the Shang family after the country was the surname. They were called the Shanxi Hao family or Shaanxi Hao family.

2. Abbreviated from the surname Hao Gu. According to the "Genesis Table of Prime Ministers in the Book of Tang Dynasty", it is said that one of the Yan Emperor's Shennong clan was called the Hao Gu clan, who was the assistant of Taihao (Fuxi clan). Later, the Hao clan may have descended from the Hao Gu clan. .

3. The surname changed from other ethnic groups and the surname Hao is among the minority ethnic groups:

① For example, the surname Hao in Shangdang, Lushui and Fenzhou came from the Xiongnu.

② The surname Hao in western Liaoning comes from the Wuheng people in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

③ In the Tang Dynasty, the Southern Barbarians had the surname Hao.

④ Among the Xixia people, there is the surname Hao.

⑤ In the Yuan Dynasty, the Han surname of the Dulu tribe was Hao.

⑥ Today, the Tujia, Manchu, Mongolian, Hui, Xibo and other ethnic groups all have the surname Hao.

The ancestor who got the surname: Emperor Yi. According to legend, Qi was the founder of Shang Dynasty and the son of Emperor Ku (Gao Xin's family). Qi once helped Yu with flood control and was appointed as a disciple by Shun, in charge of education. The Shang clan continued to grow, and by the time of Sun Tang, the fourteenth generation of Qi, he overthrew Xia Jie's rule and established the Shang Dynasty. The twenty-seventh generation king of the Yin and Shang Dynasties was Emperor Yi, who granted his son Ziqi a title in Haoxiang, Taiyuan. In the 11th century BC, the Shang Dynasty was destroyed by the Zhou Dynasty. According to the inherent custom at that time, the descendants of Ziqi took the surname of their place of residence and called them Hao. They respected Emperor Yi as the ancestor of the surname Hao.

2. Migration and distribution

The Hao surname originated in Haoxiang, Taiyuan at the end of the Shang Dynasty. It has been passed down for more than a thousand years, and the area of ??Taiyuan, Shanxi today is still its breeding center. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, people with the Hao surname had gradually spread to other places in Shanxi and nearby areas such as Shaanxi, Henan, and Hebei. At the end of the Jin Dynasty, due to the transfer of official positions, a branch of the Hao family moved from Taiyuan to Danyang, Runzhou (now Xiaodanyang, northeast of Dangtu County, Anhui Province). It is said that Hao Hui in the seventh generation served as the prefect of Jiangxia in Liang in the Southern Dynasties, and moved from Danyang. To Anlu (now part of Hubei Province). During the Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, despite the social turmoil, the Hao surname living in Shanxi was not greatly affected due to Shanxi's special geographical location. However, some Hao surnames from Hebei moved to Shandong to escape the war, and some Hao surnames from Henan moved to Anhui. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, society was stable, and the Hao surname flourished in the Jingzhao area of ??Shaanxi Province, and formed the second largest county in the history of the Hao surname - Jingzhao County. There were also people named Hao who moved to Hubei and Sichuan. After the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, some people with the surname Hao moved south to the south of the Yangtze River. The famous painter Hao Zhang, who had lived in Fenzhou (now Fenyang, Shanxi Province) for a long time, moved to Langzhou (now Langzhong, Sichuan Province) to avoid the war and settled there. Before the Tang and Song Dynasties, the Central Plains region was the center of reproduction for the Hao surname. As for the Hao surname, it was later than other surnames that they moved south, and the scale was much smaller. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, more families with the surname Hao appeared in some places in the south. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, plagues continued, and peasant uprisings broke out in various places. They later attacked each other, resulting in a sharp decline in the population of the Central Plains, East China, and Central China. During the Hongwu period of the early Ming Dynasty, the surname Hao was one of the surnames of the people who immigrated to the Hongdong Big Locust Tree in the Ming Dynasty. They moved to present-day Hebei, Beijing, Shandong, Tianjin and other places. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the distribution of the Hao surname gradually spread throughout the south. Hunan, Fujian and other provinces have people with the Hao surname recorded in history. At the same time, there are also settlements of the Hao surname in the northeastern provinces of Liaoning and other provinces. During the Qing Dynasty, some people with the surname Hao who had lived in the northwest of Shanxi followed the trend of traveling to the west entrance and moved to Inner Mongolia and Gansu; while some people with the surname Hao who lived in Fujian crossed the sea to Taiwan, and then went to Southeast Asia, Singapore and other places. However, during this period, the Hao surname was still distributed and reproduced in the north. Today, the Hao surname is widely distributed across the country, especially in the three provinces of Henan, Shanxi, and Hebei. The Hao surname in these three provinces accounts for about 59% of the country's Han population with the Hao surname. The surname Hao is the 71st common surname in China today. It has a large population, accounting for about 0.3% of the country's Han population.

3. Historical celebrities

Hao Long: Zi Shizhi, a native of the Jin Dynasty, served as the governor of Jingzhou and was a member of the Southern Barbarians Huan Wen joined the army. On the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, people were all drying their clothes, but Hao Long was the only one sleeping in the courtyard. Someone asked him why, and he replied: "I'm just drying the books in my belly."

Hao Zhao: His courtesy name was Bodao, a native of Taiyuan, Wei State during the Three Kingdoms period, and a general with various names. After guarding Hexi for more than 40 years, the soldiers and civilians were intimidated. Zhuge Liang besieged Chencang, and Zhao confronted him for more than 20 days. Liang could not retreat, and Zhao was awarded the title of nobility. He opposed thick burials and advocated thin burials, and he practiced them personally.