The main influence of lower Nanyang

The influx of a large number of Chinese into Southeast Asia has had a great impact on local production, life and economic construction. On the one hand, many China people are engaged in business activities in their host countries, responsible for managing overseas trade, buying local native products and selling goods from this country, thus forming a commercial network to communicate China with overseas trade. Most of these people are also relied on by the local government. The Siamese royal family once said, "Without overseas Chinese, the imperial court could do nothing." On the other hand, a considerable number of China people are engaged in handicrafts, such as bakers, tailors, shoemakers, goldsmiths, silversmiths, sculptors, locksmiths, painters, plasterers and weavers. There are also a large number of overseas Chinese engaged in agriculture, horticulture and fisheries, and they also play an active role in the daily life of local society.

In the process of economic development in Southeast Asia, industry and mining have always been a very important aspect. In Kalimantan, Indonesia, Chinese are the sole operators of local gold mines. At the peak, there are more than 90,000 miners, and the annual output of gold ore is generally over one million ounces (1 ounce is equal to 28.35g). /kloc-Before the 9th century, almost all tin mines in Malaysia were developed by overseas Chinese. At present, many large tin mining areas called "West Lake" are dug by overseas Chinese. It is precisely because of the hard work of overseas Chinese that Malaysia's tin production has long accounted for more than half of the world's total tin production.

China people "going south to South Asia" have thus become the main force of local economic development. Their diligence and efforts have changed the economic backwardness of the host country. Even Rui Tianxian, the British Governor of the Straits Colony, admitted that the prosperity of the Malay Peninsula was "all caused by overseas Chinese". "The maintenance of Malay States depends on tin mine tax ... tin mine workers, the first batch of overseas Chinese. Because of their efforts, half of the world's tin consumption is supplied by the peninsula. Their talent and labor created today's Malay Peninsula. " "The Malay government and people are grateful to overseas Chinese who are so diligent, hardworking and law-abiding."

While China people are changing the economic situation of their host countries, many people have completely changed the fate of themselves and their families. There are hundreds of millionaires and multimillionaires among Chinese in Southeast Asia.

At the same time, the political status of Chinese in Southeast Asia is getting higher and higher. Philippine President Arroyo's husband is from China, and former Thai Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra is from China. In the Thai parliament, two-thirds of the members are also Chinese. In Malaysia, the success of Chinese in politics is no longer news.

"Going to South Asia" has become a major historical event comparable to "going to the East" and "going to the West", and it is also driven by the joint efforts of "pushing" and "pulling". In terms of thrust, "economic oppression" is the most dynamic "hormone". According to a survey conducted by China Pacific Institute 1935, 69.95% of refugees go abroad because of "economic oppression". In terms of tension, Nanyang under British and Dutch colonial rule is in the process of accelerated development, with strong labor demand, short supply and many employment opportunities. Moreover, in order to attract China workers, Southeast Asian countries even adopted the "most attractive conditions". For example, Sarawak, the largest state in Malaysia, issued a special notice during the reign of Pope II: giving enough free land for transplantation; The government provides temporary housing for transplant recipients; Free supply of rice and salt for one year; Provide transportation; Establish a police station to protect the safety of China people; China people can live permanently in Sarawak. This is very attractive to unemployed refugees, from which we can understand why many refugees "can't even find their own place".

For the inflow areas, South China University of Technology has always been a new force in the development of Nanyang, and it is a cheap and inexhaustible labor resource. Rui Tianxian, governor of the Straits Colony, said that the prosperity of the Malay Peninsula was "all caused by overseas Chinese" and that "the maintenance of Malay States depends entirely on the tax revenue of tin mines". ..... As tin workers, the first batch of overseas Chinese. Because of their continuous efforts, half of the world's tin consumption is supplied by the peninsula. Their talent and labor have made today's Malay government and people on the Malay Peninsula grateful to this hardworking and law-abiding overseas Chinese beyond words. "(Li Changfu: colonial history of China)

The refugee tide of "going south to South Asia" also had a far-reaching impact on the outflow, which played an important role in alleviating "economic oppression". In A Brief History of Immigrants in China written by Ge et al., there is a simple calculation: during the 90 years from 1840 to 1930, the average number of refugees exported by Fujian and Guangdong provinces each year was more than100000, which was enough to offset the annual natural growth, alleviate the local population pressure and at least reduce the social oscillation caused by it.

China workers have accumulated a lot of capital through hard work. They invested their money in modern industry and commerce, which promoted the social transformation of China. For example, Jichanglong Silk Reeling Factory, the first machine silk reeling factory in China, was founded by overseas Chinese Chen Qiyuan. Qiao Ming Match Factory is the first national match factory in China founded by overseas Chinese Wei Shengxuan. According to statistics, from 1862 to 1949, the number of overseas Chinese investing in Guangdong, Fujian and Shanghai alone reached 255 10.