I am anxious about Qian Xuesen's story.

1One day in August, 935, Qian Xuesen left the motherland from Shanghai on a ship of the American Postal Company. The muddy waves of Huangpu River rolled and looked at the gradually blurred Shanghai. Qian Xuesen silently said: "Goodbye, motherland. Now that you're in power, you're in a mess. I will go to the United States to study technology and come back as soon as possible to serve your revival. "

Qian Xuesen went to the United States to enter the aviation department of MIT, and his academic performance has always been among the best. Student Cheng wanted to practice in a factory, but the American aviation factory discriminated against China people at that time, so a year later he began to study the theory of aviation engineering, that is, applied mechanics. He transferred to California Institute of Technology.

Qian Xuesen came here with admiration. Because, located in the aviation department of California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, a suburb of Los Angeles, there is a famous aerodynamics professor von Carmen, who is Hungarian. But later, Qian Lao himself may not have thought that he could become a student of Professor von Carmen, and become one of the best and promoted to his best assistant.

In the early 1930s, aviation science was still in its infancy. Von Carmen was a top figure in this field at that time, and was later known as "the father of supersonic flight". 1970, there was a crater on the moon named after him.

Von Carmen looked at the serious and short young man carefully. He asked several questions for Qian Xuesen to answer, and Qian Xuesen answered all his questions after a little thought. Von Carmen secretly praised: This China man is witty and full of wisdom. He accepted the student happily. At the beginning of 1945, Qian Xuesen became a member of the air force scientific advisory group headed by von Carmen. After Germany surrendered, he went to Europe with the investigation team of the regiment to inspect aviation and rocket technology. 1947 At the beginning of this year, 36-year-old Qian Xuesen became a full professor at MIT. During the monitoring period, apart from teaching, he still did not give up academic research. 1953 published "Take-off from Earth Satellite Orbit", which laid the foundation of small thrust flight mechanics. 1954 published "Engineering Cybernetics". 1955 when saying goodbye to von Carmen before returning to China, von Carmen said excitedly, "You have surpassed me academically now!"

The journey back to China

"I have always believed that I will be able to return to my motherland. Today, I finally came back! " This is a very emotional remark made by Qian Xuesen, a famous scientist and rocket expert in China, to Comrade Zhu, a scientist representative of the Chinese Academy of Sciences who returned to China to receive him. Under the care of Premier Zhou Enlai, he left for home on September 6th, and arrived in Hongkong and Guangzhou on June 6th.

On his way home, Qian Xuesen went to the United States to study aviation engineering and aerodynamics as a public school student in August 1935. Before returning to China, he was the director of the California Institute of Technology Supersonic Laboratory and the director of the Guggenheim Jet Propulsion Research Center. Qian Xuesen 1935 went to study in the United States. 10 years later, he became a first-class rocket expert at that time. It is famous for its amazing rocket theory that "a rocket with a speed of 10,000 kilometers per hour has become possible". During World War II, Professor Von Carmen of California Institute of Technology and his tutor participated in the research and development of missile nuclear weapons, which was the top secret Manhattan project of the United States at that time. He was one of the few rare talents in the United States.

When the news of People's Republic of China (PRC)'s birth reached the United States, Qian Xuesen and his wife, Jiang Ying, could not restrain their inner joy and discussed returning to China to serve the motherland as soon as possible. At this time, the United States, led by McCarthy, conducted a comprehensive investigation on the producers of * * *, and set off a hysterical frenzy in the United States that drove employees to be loyal to the US government. Qian Xuesen's certificate to participate in confidential research was suddenly revoked by the US military department because he was suspected of being a producer of * * * and refused to expose his friends. This made him very angry. Qian Xuesen asked to return to China on this ground. However, Qian Xuesen never imagined that his willingness to return to China turned into a disaster! The US undersecretary of the Navy said viciously, "He knows all the core secrets of the US missile program. One Qian Xuesen is worth five marine divisions. I would rather shoot this guy than let him go back to China! "

Since then, the political persecution of him by the United States has followed. Immigration raided his home and detained him in Temina Island for 65,438+04 days. He was not released until he received a huge bail of $65,438+$5,000 from California Institute of Technology. Later, the customs confiscated his luggage, including 800 kilograms of books and notebooks. They insisted that there were confidential materials in it. In fact, Qian Xuesen once asked them to check before packing. After reviewing all his materials again, the American prosecutor proved that he was aboveboard.

The news that Qian Xuesen was persecuted in the United States soon spread to China, and New China was shocked! Friends in domestic scientific and technological circles support Qian Xuesen through various channels. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is extremely concerned about Qian Xuesen's situation in the United States, and the China government publicly issued a statement condemning the US government for imprisoning Qian Xuesen against his will.

1954 in April, the United States, Britain, China, the Soviet Union and France held an international conference in Geneva to discuss the settlement of the Korean issue and restore peace in zhina. Zhou Enlai, head of the China delegation attending the meeting, thought that a group of overseas students and scientists in China were detained in the United States, so he instructed that since the Americans asked British diplomats to dredge relations with us, we should seize this opportunity and open up new channels of contact.

On June 5th, Wang Bingnan, Secretary-General of the China delegation, held a preliminary discussion with US representative and Deputy Secretary of State Johnson on the nationals of the two countries. The United States submitted to China a list of overseas Chinese and some American soldiers detained by China, asking China to give them a chance to return home. In order to show China's sincerity, Zhou Enlai instructed Wang Bingnan to make generous concessions in the third meeting between China and the United States on June 15, and demanded that the United States stop detaining Qian Xuesen and other China students studying in the United States.

However, China's just request was unreasonably rejected by the United States. On July 2 1 day, the Geneva meeting closed. In order not to interrupt communication channels, Zhou Enlai instructed Wang Bingnan and the United States to hold consular talks in Geneva from July 22nd. To further demonstrate China's sincerity in the Sino-US negotiations, China released four detained American pilots.

China's high-profile attitude is ultimately to let Qian Xuesen and other scientists studying in the United States return to China as soon as possible-but on this key issue, US Congressman Johnson still refuses to let go, because China can't come up with the real reason why Qian Xuesen wants to return to China.

Just as Premier Zhou Enlai was anxious about this, Chen Shutong, then vice chairman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), received a letter from the other side of the ocean. He opened it and signed it "Qian Xuesen". He couldn't help feeling a shock. He finished reading the letter quickly. The content of the letter was originally to ask the motherland government to help him return to China.

This letter was written by Qian Xuesen to his Belgian relative (Jiang Ying's sister) on a small piece of cigarette paper, and was given to Vice Chairman Chen Shutong. For such an unusual overseas letter, Chen Shutong knew its weight and gave it to Premier Zhou the same day. "This is really great, and it can completely refute the lies of the US government!" Premier Zhou Enlai immediately made careful arrangements, instructed the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to give this letter to Wang Bingnan, who was holding ambassadorial talks between China and the United States, and instructed Wang Bingnan: "This letter is very valuable. This is irrefutable evidence that the American authorities are still preventing China citizens from returning to China. You should use this letter to expose their lies in the negotiations. "

At the beginning of August 1 China-US ambassadorial talks, Wang Bingnan took the lead in saying to Johnson: "Mr. Ambassador, before we start the discussion, I have been ordered to inform you of the following news: On July 3 1 China decided to release1American pilots including Arnold Wei in advance according to China legal procedures, and they have already arrived in. I hope that this measure taken by the China government will have a positive impact on our talks. " When it comes to Qian Xuesen's return to China, Johnson still repeats the same old tune: "There is no evidence that Qian Xuesen will return to China, and the US government cannot force orders!" Therefore, Wang Bingnan flashed Qian Xuesen's letter to Chen Shutong, and confidently retorted: "Since the American government issued an announcement as early as April 1955, allowing scholars studying in the United States to travel freely, why did Dr. Qian Xuesen, a scientist from China, write to the China government for help in June? Obviously, the request of China scholars to return to China is still blocked. " Johnson was speechless before the facts. The American government had to approve Qian Xuesen's request to return to China. 1On August 4, 955, Qian Xuesen received a notice from the US Immigration Bureau allowing him to return to China.

1955 September 17, Qian Xuesen's dream of returning to China has come true! On this day, Qian Xuesen, with his wife Jiang Ying and a pair of young children, finally boarded the ship "President Cleveland" and embarked on the journey of returning to the motherland.

Thanks to Qian Xuesen's return to China, China's missile and atomic bomb launches were at least 20 years ahead of schedule.