What happened to Chenghua Plough House in Ming Dynasty?

Before solving this problem, let's make a brief analysis, shall we? Chenghua Liyuan? The meaning of these four words:

Chenghua, the title of Zhu Jianshen, the eighth emperor of the Ming Dynasty;

Plough court? Plough? As a verb, it means ploughing and sweeping; ? Court? , is massage, refers to the ruling center of the ancient huns.

It is recorded in Hanshu:? It has been plowed into its courtyard, swept away and placed in counties. ?

So, through such a simple analysis, we can get a general idea of the so-called? Chenghua Liyuan? He refers to a military action against ethnic tribes outside the customs during the Ming Dynasty. So what is the specific situation? Please listen to the author's detailed introduction.

Chenghua Plough Garden Background: The rise of ethnic tribes outside Shanhaiguan has become a potential threat to Daming.

During the Yingzong period, the military strength of the Ming Dynasty suffered heavy losses, which led to the Ming army's lax control over the western Liaoning area on the northeast border, and the Jurchen tribe was also full-fledged during this period. At that time, the leader of Jurchen was Aisin Giro? Dongshan.

Because the Ming army relaxed the management of this area, Mongolian tribes infiltrated this area day by day, and western Liaoning could only get in touch with the court through Jinzhou, a narrow defense line.

After Chenghua, the Ming dynasty began to expand its military strength and strengthen the management of this area. So at that time, Jurchen, that is, Aisingiorro, was also a subject of Daming. However, during the Chenghua period, in order to curb the economic development of the Jurchen tribe, the Ming Dynasty tried to disintegrate the Aisingiorro power of the Jurchen tribe, and the trade of Jurchen was often difficult.

During the Chenghua period, Aisingiorro, who came to power at that time, was suppressed excessively by the court and blocked the economy. Dong Shan did a strange thing. This is why the Plough Court incident happened in the Ming Dynasty.

The whole story of Chenghua Plough House: Daming's foreign military feat.

The Ming dynasty can be said to be one of the more car-scrapping dynasties. After Zhu Yuanzhang laid down strict ancestral training, all the emperors of the Ming Dynasty followed it? No land, no compensation, no compromise? The ancestral teachings of the Ming dynasty did not allow one inch of territory, so the emperors of the Ming dynasty basically led troops to recover lost territory after they became adults, including Xian Zong, whose merits and demerits were controversial in history.

Zhu Jianshen's father, Zhu Qizhen, was induced by eunuch Wang Zhen to send troops to Walla and was defeated and captured. After returning to the Ming Dynasty, he was imprisoned for several years, and then successfully restored with the support of some generals and eunuchs. The first thing Zhu Jianshen did after he ascended the throne was to rehabilitate Zhu Qiyu and Yu Qian.

In order to restore the foundation of the Ming Dynasty, Xianzong reduced taxes nationwide, thus ushered in a short period of peace and prosperity. However, at this time, the northern ethnic minorities, including Wala and Jurchen, also grew rapidly, which made Xian Zong very worried. Therefore, Xianzong began to strengthen the army building and used troops abroad many times, which greatly dealt a blow to the northern ethnic tribes, especially Nuzhen. At that time, it effectively maintained the stability and development of the border.

According to historical records, Xianzong used troops against the Jurchen nationality in 1467 and 1479 respectively, which were quite large in scale, and these two campaigns were also the most effective.

So what is the relationship between Xianzong's massive use of troops against Jurchen during his reign and what we call the Plough House incident? First of all, we need to know what a plow yard means.

Comprehensive analysis, we can draw such an explanation: the so-called Chenghua Plough House was actually an event mainly aimed at some ethnic tribes in Northeast China during Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty. That is to say, the protagonist of the incident is Zhu Jianshen and the forces headed by Dong Shan, who fought for a long time and formed the highest heaven.

At that time, Dong Shan thought that he was a citizen of the Ming Dynasty and should get relief and trade with each other. But the court refused to give him food and clothing, and he could not starve to death, so he thought of robbery. So there was the Mishima Pass incident of 1466. Mishimaguan is a barrier between the Jurchen tribe and the Ming Dynasty. Dongshan invaded Mishimaguan and occupied this area. It is also going to give a special gift to the new emperor Zhu Jianshen who just ascended the throne. What Dong Shan didn't expect was that the new emperor was also in trouble.

Dong Shan took advantage of Zhu Jianshen's accession to the throne, and the Ming army didn't have a chance to tidy up, which led to Nuzhen's massive invasion of Ningyuan and other military towns in a short period of time. After that, Dong Shan burned and looted in Daming's sphere of influence, killing more than 65,438+10,000 people.

Zhu Jianshen, who just ascended the throne, was completely angered by Dong Shan's actions. Zhu Jianshen was an emperor who suffered from war. He was deposed twice when he was young, and regarded his father Benwala as a prisoner. So he knew what it was like to be humiliated, and he was very angry when he learned that Dong Shan was constantly invading. He called a meeting immediately. As a result, the minister who advocated peace won.

Xianzong was very dissatisfied. In a rage, he sent the ministers in charge and factions to prison for interrogation, and the Plough House incident began. Did the climax of Plough House actually come from Xianzong? The soldiers were divided into three ways, and North Korea attacked? The implementation of this military strategy has begun. 1467, Xianzong ordered the Ming army to adopt the military mode of fighting the autumn wind, which was also called Salhu routine in history. It was precisely because of this set of roads that the Jurchen tribe was losing ground and the Ming army was unable to fight back Dongshan.

Although the Ming army defeated Dongshan, Xianzong was still unconvinced until the Ming army invaded Dongshan's lair and carried out a month-long cruel encirclement and suppression of Dongshan's lair. Many scholars in history also think that this encirclement and suppression was too much for Jurchen.

According to historical records, at that time, the Ming army beheaded jurchen 1700 people. Later, the Ming army recorded that Jurchen was bleeding like a river, and Dong Shan herself was captured by the Ming army. Not only that, all the people of Jianzhou Sanwei were almost killed, accounting for one-third of the total number of people in Jianzhou.

Therefore, historians have some radical views and even condemned Xian Zong's practice. Later generations also praised Xian Zong. In fact, some scholars believe that what Xian Zong did at that time was to deter Liaodong, especially Mongolian tribes. Later, Xianzong did play a deterrent role.

There was a saying among the people at that time. When it's burned out, the tribe is broken? This means that the tribes in Jianzhou are almost extinct, which is not an exaggeration at all. Indeed, at that time, Jianzhou had reached the point of extinction.

Historically, this event was called Chenghua Plough House. Is this historical event also consistent? Plough court? It means that the Plough House was supposed to be thoroughly cleaned up, but what Zhu Jianshen did at that time exhausted all the descendants of Zhu Yuanzhang.

After the large-scale raid on the tribes in the Ming Dynasty, the Liaodong region was also stable for a period of time, which also played a deterrent role to the Mongolian tribes. After that, the Ming dynasty was not harassed by the northern minorities. It was not until the Battle of Salhu that the Ming dynasty had enough energy to deal with the Mongolian forces entrenched in the north.

However, in less than ten years, the Jurchen tribe began to invade the border for various reasons. This time, Zhu Jianshen was very angry. He thought that Jurchen would never repent, so he ordered the Ming army to attack Jurchen on a large scale. At that time, the court sent a big eunuch, Wang Zhi, to lead the army.

This encirclement and suppression also dealt a heavy blow to Nuzhen as before. At that time, many girls were captured and killed. After being hit hard twice, the Jurchen tribe was much quieter. These two encirclement and suppression campaigns against Jianzhou tribe in history are collectively called? Chenghua Liyuan? .

In addition, there was another time before, adding up to * * * is three times to attack the Jurchen tribe. Jurchen was also devastated in the following 100 years, until Nurhachi came to power. At the beginning of Nurhachi's coming to power, the military power of the Ming Dynasty was not like Xianzong. It can be said that the two large-scale raids on the Jurchen tribe in the Ming Dynasty are really rare in history.

In the eyes of many people, several sweeps carried out by Xianzong can be said to be very successful, and the goal of building the country by keeping three weeds has been truly realized. In the Ming Dynasty, there was no other major military action and no successful feat after changing the civil fort to fight against Vara. But in Chenghua, the large-scale use of troops against Nuzhen can be regarded as a feat of maintaining border stability in history.

Conclusion:

The so-called Chenghua Plough House actually refers to Zhu Jianshen's two large-scale crusades against the Jurchen nationality, which hit the Jurchen nationality hard to maintain the stability of Jianzhou Sanwei 100 years. It is a military feat against ethnic minorities in history.