When and why did Czechoslovakia separate?

1992 The split of Czechoslovakia was caused by various reasons, as follows:

A brief introduction to the division of the Republic of China:

1In the general election in June 1992, the Civic Democratic Party and the Movement for Democracy and Slovakia won in the Czech Republic and Slovakia respectively. In the same year 1 October 25th 165438, the leaders of the two republics decided to separate the Czech Republic from the Slovak Republic through consultation, and the federal parliament passed the dissolution law, which stipulated that the two republics would become independent subject countries from1993+10/day. Since then, unified Czechoslovakia has ceased to exist. History calls it "velvet separation". After the split, the national flag of Czechoslovakia was used by the Czech Republic.

Second, the split reason and detailed description of the process:

Although the Czech Republic and Slovakia have similar languages and beliefs, their historical development is not exactly the same. The Czech Republic has long belonged to the Holy Roman Empire and the Austrian Empire, while the Slovaks have long been under the rule of Hungarians. 1526, the kingdom of Hungary was defeated by the Ottoman Empire, and the central part was occupied by Turks. Bratislava was the capital of Hungary for more than 250 years. /kloc-In the second half of the 0/9th century, Slovakia became a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In this process, it is still the Hungarians who directly rule Slovakia, and the latter even implements the Hungarian policy towards the former. 19 18 After the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Slovaks finally got rid of the centuries-long rule of Hungarians and established Czechoslovakia with the Czechs. However, in the same country, because Czechs are in the dominant position, Slovaks often feel unequal. 19 18 in may, masaryk, who later became the first president, signed an agreement with Czech and Slovak nationals in the United States to guarantee the autonomous status of the Slovak nation in China. However, after the founding of this Republic, Slovakia is only a region of the country and has no real political sovereignty. For another example, the "Kosice Plan" clearly affirmed Slovakia's national characteristics and ensured its equal status in the future country. But in fact, Slovakia's autonomous status has been gradually weakened. 1968 officially established federalism, which largely reflected the resistance of the Slovaks. In addition, the economic development of the Czech Republic and Slovakia is unbalanced and the gap is getting bigger and bigger. After the drastic changes, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, the two federal entities, also have great differences in economic transition policies. [Note: ten thousand. Causes and effects of the disintegration of Czechoslovakia Federation. Journal of International Studies, 1993. All these have greatly affected the recognition of the two peoples for a unified country. A Czech historian pointed out that when Czechs and Slovaks lived in the same country, most people did not share the same Czechoslovakian consciousness.

The long-term sense of submission makes Slovaks particularly eager for independence and their own country. Czechoslovakia was dismembered by Germany in 1939. Slovaks once established an "independent country", but this "independent country" was notorious because the Nazis used the puppet regime created by Slovak nationalism. After World War II, Slovaks had to live in the same country as Czechs. After the social upheaval in the late 1980s, Slovaks and Czechs began to bargain about the distribution of state power, hoping that they could become the subject of international law. So they advocate replacing "Czechoslovakia * * * Republic" with "Czechoslovakia". 1992 after the parliamentary elections in June, two political parties with completely different views on the state structure and economic transformation won in the Czech Republic and Slovakia respectively. Without consultation, the leaders of the two parties reached an agreement to dissolve the Federation. According to the Law on the Dissolution of the Czechoslovak Federal Republic passed by the Czechoslovak Parliament in June, 5438 +065438+1October, Slovakia officially became independent from June, 65438 +0993+1October, and realized the national dream for thousands of years. At that time, Slovaks generally believed that the main reason for the disintegration of Czechoslovakia was that Czechs were unwilling to give Slovaks equal status.

Compared with the former Soviet Union and Yugoslavia, especially Yugoslavia, the biggest feature of the disintegration of Czechoslovakia is peace. Although the formation and development of Czechoslovakia and Czechoslovakia are different, on the whole, there is no great resentment. So the breakup between Slovakia and the Czech Republic was gradually agreed in the agreement. Not only has there been no violent conflict, but there has also been no excessive words and deeds that destroy each other.