How old is Danzhou dialect?

Danzhou Dialect Editor Danzhou Dialect is a Hainan local dialect evolved from Cantonese, with a population of about 654.38+0 million, also known as Xiang dialect. In Hainan Island, the number of speakers is second only to Hainan dialect and Li dialect.

It is distributed in most areas except the southeast corner of Danzhou City and several small towns, a small part of Nanluo and Haiwei in the northern coast of Changjiang County and the western edge of Shilu Town, the village at the junction of northern Baisha County and Danzhou City, and individual towns in Dongfang City, Ledong City, Qiongzhong City, Baisha City and Sanya City.

1 Source Editor During the Southern Liang Datong period (AD 535-544), Mrs. Xian, who lives in Gaoliang County (now Gaozhou, Guangdong Province), led troops to Hainan. Mrs. Xian and her officers and men may have brought ancient Cantonese mixed with ancient South Vietnamese to the island.

Lingnan ancient Cantonese, which entered Hainan that year, has developed into Danzhou dialect and Mai dialect today, and is widely used in Danzhou and Sanya.

Danzhou dialect was edited twice, including Bei 'an dialect, Shuinan dialect, Zhou Jia dialect, Shanshan dialect, Xinying dialect, Haitou dialect and Wuhu dialect.

Danzhou dialect, belonging to the editor, was formed during Danzhou reform in Tang Dynasty. According to textual research, Danzhou dialect is the closest to ancient Chinese, which can be said to be interlinked with ancient Chinese.

This view was put forward by Ding Bangxin, a famous professor in Taiwan Province Province, at the 12th academic seminar of the International Sino-Tibetan Society held in Paris on 1979, based on the phonetic research results of Mr. Wang, a tourist from Guangcun, Danzhou.

Professor Liang of South China Normal University pointed out in the article Classification of Chinese Dialects in Hainan Island, Guangdong Province: "Danzhou dialect in Cantonese system is a dialect of Chinese dialects in this island after Wen Qiong dialect".

With regard to the formation of Danzhou dialect, the Ming Dynasty revised Danzhou Annals recorded that Danzhou people came from old Gaozhou and Wuzhou, and Danzhou dialect retained some features of Cantonese, but also infiltrated some common features of Hainan dialect.

According to historical records, Danzhou's indigenous people are Li nationality, and the early immigrants of Han nationality are Fu and Li. At the end of May, twelve surnames, including Yang, Du, Cao, Chen, Zhang, Wang, Xu, Xie, Huang, Wu, Zhao and Tang, moved, retired or fled.

The end of the five seasons is the period of Liang, Tang, Jin, Han and Zhou.

Early immigrants, indigenous slang, surname * * *. According to the spectrum, most of them moved to Putian, Jinjiang and Quanzhou in Fujian. Supposedly, they should speak Minnan dialect, and the language accepted by local officials has not yet formed.

In Datong, Mrs. Liang and Mrs. Xian settled Danzhou, and all the officials in Danzhou were transferred from Gaozhou and Wuzhou by Mrs. Xian's husband. The Cantonese system they brought, combined with local popular languages, formed Danzhou dialect in Tang Dynasty.

Because this language is passed from one official to another, it pays great attention to pronunciation and tone. The biggest feature is to retain the ancient sounds, such as ten leaves, urgency, dampness, harmony, difference, strength, knot, knot, earth, north, book, chisel, responsibility, refutation, etc., and all spoken words are read into the sound.

There are three groups of inflections of entering tone: lip inflections (such as A, A, He, Ru), tongue inflections (such as killing, reaching, eight, fatigue and blood), and throat inflections (such as black, falling, carving and medicine) correspond to three groups of nasal rhymes -m, -n and -ng.

I used the Dictionary of New and Ancient Chinese to find some dialects in Danzhou folk songs that can't be expressed in modern Chinese, and found more than 300 words.

Another major feature of Danzhou dialect is that pronunciation is different from oral pronunciation, and pronunciation is the word that Danzhou people often say.

Such as: Shanyu Dan, pronounced as three; ; Static-oral siang, pronounced in Beijing, has the color of ancient pronunciation, which can accurately identify the flat tone of words and make it easier to write metrical poems or couplets. People of all ages in Danzhou know how to sing poetry correctly and benefit from this pronunciation.

In Danzhou dialect, a word also has multiple pronunciations, and the language is replaced according to different objects, such as the word "four". When reading "four" in "1, 2, 3 and 4" in sequence, you can read diang (life) or Dei (death) and read "456" and "7749". And there are two words "four" in one sentence, such as four, six, twenty-four, the first four readings, and the second four readings; For generations such as four daughters, four peasants, four brothers and four uncles, we can only read (long); Call a single number, such as four people in four days, read two pairs of days; However, if you come across a two-digit word like forty, you can only read it, but you can't read it.

In ancient Chinese, the original meaning is that the word is polymorphic, and the pronunciation has evolved from ancient times to modern times; Homonyms are similar and borrowed from each other; Escape is complicated, words are polysemous and polyphonic, and form, sound and meaning are integrated.

Danzhou dialect is also such a theory.

As for Danzhou dialect, my opinion is that it is connected with ancient Chinese, profound and complicated, and far from modern Chinese, which is quite unfavorable for children to learn Chinese Pinyin and practice. Instead of advocating, we should vigorously advocate speaking Mandarin.

However, in order to protect the local dialect and maintain Danzhou's characteristic culture as the hometown of poetry couplets, Danzhou dialect can be studied after graduating from junior high school, that is, after the basic knowledge of Chinese pinyin, English phonetic symbols and Chinese is relatively stable.

The military dialect, which is popular in Zhonghe, Wang Wu, Changpo and Nada Old Town, belongs to the northern Mandarin system of Chinese.

Danzhou Annals recognizes that it is homophony with the southern provincial official dialect, and it is named "Military Dialect" because it was guarded by the scholar-officials five generations ago and passed down from generation to generation.

Japanese Chinese dialectologist Hashimoto also "imagines that this is a Mandarin dialect".

Some netizens suggested reading military dialect in Nanning dialect. Whether the soldiers stationed in the garrison were mostly from Nanning at that time is a question worthy of discussion.

But the military dialect is by no means Sichuan dialect, and the pronunciation gap is far away.

Su Dongpo was able to communicate in the Northern Song Dynasty because he was an official in North Korea for many years and was familiar with the official sounds of the North and South.

Hakka dialect comes from Chaozhou (an old guest) and Enping and Kaiping (a new guest).

Lingao dialect is also called Wengbei dialect, which Professor Ding Bangxin thinks is related to "Dong-Tai dialect".

The vernacular is Cantonese, and residents in Gaozhou avoid chaos and spread it.

Li language is the national language of Li nationality, and Miao language is the national language of Miao nationality. All ethnic compatriots who speak Li and Miao languages can basically speak Hainan dialect.