Where is Liaodong in Qing Dynasty?

Question 1: Where did the Qing Dynasty in Liaodong of Ming Dynasty go? Were they all killed by Houjin? Before modern times, there were not many * * * in Liaodong.

In the Ming Dynasty, although Liaodong was a territory, the actual management power was in the hands of the major minority tribes who obeyed the court, and these tribes were gradually unified by the Manchu.

* * * Ming Dynasty needed court documents to enter and leave Shanhaiguan. Generally, except for trade, the imperial court will not let * * pass in and out casually.

After the war broke out between the Ming Dynasty and the late Jin Dynasty, most of Liaodong, which was not much, moved inward or surrendered to the late Jin Dynasty.

In the Qing Dynasty, most Manchu people moved into the pass, and the Qing court closed the entrance to Liaodong on the grounds of protecting the birthplace of the dynasty, prohibiting ordinary people from entering and leaving. One detail shows that in modern times, when Russia entered the Outer Xing 'an Mountains and Sakhalin Island, it was surprised to find that the indigenous people here actually lived in the Stone Age. It is conceivable how severe the blockade of the Qing Dynasty was.

Northeast China, including Liaodong, is basically developed in modern times, and large-scale immigration is the result of modern times.

Question 2: Which place did Shengjing refer to in Qing Dynasty? Shengjing 1625 ~ 1644 was the capital of the late Jin Dynasty (Qing Dynasty), which is now Shenyang City, Liaoning Province. In the 20th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1387), Shenyang Zhongwei was established here, which was under the jurisdiction of Liaodong. In March of the sixth year of Destiny, Nurhachi occupied Shenyang. In April, Tokyo moved its capital from Xingjing to Liaoyang. Ten years later, he moved the capital from Liaoyang to Shenyang. In the eleventh year of destiny, Nurhachi died, and the Qing Taizong set up an address here, expanding Shenyang City and building a palace. Tiancong changed Shenyang to Shengjing in eight years. In the first year of Shunzhi (1644), the Qing army entered Shanhaiguan, making Beijing its capital, and changed Shengjing to its capital. There are five departments, namely, households, rituals, soldiers, punishments and workers. There are assistant ministers in various ministries, and the minister in charge stays in Shengjing. In three years, the Minister of the Interior was changed to Zhang Jing, who was guarding Anbang. The first year of Kangxi (1662)

Question 3: How many people were there in Liaodong before the Qing army entered the customs? Liaodong belonged to the capital of Liaodong in the Ming Dynasty, and Hongwu was incorporated into the territory of the Ming Dynasty in eight years. In the Ming Dynasty, there were 25 Wei and 2 states in the capital of Liaodong, among which 25 Wei were inhabited by Han people and 2 states were inhabited by ethnic minorities. The Ming dynasty, like other Han regimes in history, often counted only the Han population, not the minority population, because only the Han people paid taxes. Liaodong has been a place where Han people live since ancient times, and it is one of Kyushu's secluded states. The residents are mainly Han nationality, and the population is not small. Jinzhou Weiyiwei, one of the only 25 guards, had a population of 45,620 during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty (Volume III of Records of Liaodong). It can be seen that the Han population of the 25 guards in Liaodong during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty was about1140,000, not to mention the people stationed in chariots. According to the statistics of Hongwu period of Ming Dynasty, the total population of Ming Dynasty was only 605,45712. By the end of the Ming Dynasty, according to the research of modern scholars Ge and Gao Wangling, the population of the Ming Dynasty was 200 million in 1600 (Note: See Gao Wangling: The Population of China in Ming and Qing Dynasties (Research on Qing History 1994, No.3) and Ge and Wang Mausoleum. )。 It can be seen that the total population from Hongwu to 1600 in the Ming Dynasty increased by more than 3.3 times. According to this, it can be inferred that in 1600, the population of native Han nationality in Dusi, Liaodong will not be less than 3.78 million, but Dusi, Liaodong is also a place where prisoners were exiled in Ming Dynasty. Moreover, since the end of 16, the Ming Dynasty was * * *, and a large number of Han people made a living through Shanhaiguan. Even Nuergandus in the north of Liaodong has a large number of barbarian towns (Han towns). In this regard, we can refer to a study on Nur Ganduz and its Health Institute, from which we can calculate 16 16.

When the Qing court abolished the ban on reclamation of the Han nationality in Guangxu period in the late Qing Dynasty, the total population of the whole northeast (Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces), including the Han nationality and other ethnic minorities, was only about 4.55 million, which looked roughly the same as that of Liaodong in the late Ming Dynasty. But please don't forget that the population in the early years of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty was only about1400,000, while the population in Guangxu period was already 420 million, which means that the population of China tripled from the early Qing Dynasty to Guangxu period. On the other hand, it also shows that the population of Northeast China in the early Qing Dynasty should not exceed 15 1000. Even with 600,000 Manchu-Mongolian-Han Eight Banners and their families who entered the customs in the early Qing Dynasty, and more than 200,000 Liao soldiers and Liao people who fled into the customs with Wu Sangui, it was only about 2.3 million. However, if the total population of Northeast China before the 230 Pass also includes hundreds of thousands of Han Chinese who were plundered to the Northeast by Qing soldiers from the Pass many times after 2006 (see Ge's book "The Unification of Population and Territory in China"), and nearly one million people of the northeast ethnic minorities such as Mongolia and Suolun trapped by Manchu and Manchu itself, if these are deducted, the most optimistic estimate is the Northeast in the early Qing Dynasty.

4 million-1 10,000 = 3 million, so where did the 3 million Han people in Liaodong go in the short 29 years from16 1645? Did it evaporate out of thin air? Or was it kidnapped by aliens? Obviously not, it can only be slaughtered by the Qing dynasty. Before the Qing Dynasty and the late Jin Dynasty entered the customs, there were two generations of chiefs, one was Huang Taiji and the other was Nurhachi. After Huang taiji came to power, he paid great attention to Han ministers and tried to alleviate the sharp ethnic contradictions at the end of Jin Dynasty. It is obviously impossible for him to kill all the 3 million Han people in Liaodong. That leaves Nurhachi. In fact, there are countless historical records of China and North Korea that Nurhachi attacked and killed the city in Dusihan District of Liaodong after capturing Fushun Pass, although there are often only a few words or sentences. What is the concept of attacking a city and killing a city? If you think about it, Japan's invasion of China failed. It can be seen that Nurhachi's massacre of 3 million Han people in Liaodong is still the lowest level, which is not a rumor at all.

Question 4: It's simple why Liaodong * * * couldn't beat Manchu in Ming Dynasty. This should be said from several aspects.

First of all, there were floods and droughts in the Ming Dynasty for several years in a row, and the internal corruption of the Ming Dynasty reached its bones, and the people did not have enough to eat. What should officials do if they squander their money on ordinary people? At that time, the peasant rebels led by Li Zicheng arrived in the capital of Ming Dynasty, and Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself. It can also be said that the Ming Dynasty was destroyed by the peasant uprising army. At this time, the Manchu army entered the customs and contacted several Ming officials who surrendered to the Qing Dynasty. The lackeys army approached Kyoto. At this time, Li Zicheng was also fascinated by the charm of Beijing, unable to resist, and then changed the dynasty. It can be said that the Ming Dynasty was not defeated by Manchu, but by civil strife and natural disasters. The internal government is also extremely corrupt, and successive years of drought is the last gust of wind that blows down the city wall.

In fact, Emperor Chongzhen was a good emperor, although he was suspected of being an emperor of the Ming Dynasty, many reforms made by Wei Zhongxian in the early days of his resignation were also effective. Even Li Zicheng said that the emperor was a good emperor, but the weather was bad.

Question 5: Where is Shengjing in Qing Dynasty now? Where are you in Shenyang, Liaoning Province today?

Shengjing was the capital of the Qing Dynasty (later Jin Dynasty) 1625 to 1644. That is, Shenyang, Liaoning Province. In the 20th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1387), Shenyang Zhongwei was established here, which was under the jurisdiction of Liaodong viceroy.

Question 6: Which dynasty did the three northeastern provinces belong to before the Qing Dynasty, or were they always occupied by Manchu? Since ancient times, it has belonged to China, but it has been divided and combined in the long history. During the Zhou, Tang and Yuan Dynasties, the whole Northeast was controlled by Jin (later changed to Qing Dynasty) for a period of time. Not because of the Qing Dynasty, the three northeastern provinces belonged to China. History is originally a long-term division and a long-term division process.

Shun Di (about 2277 BC-265438 BC+078 BC) divided China into twelve states, and Lushan Mountain was named Zhenshan, the town of Youzhou in Northeast China.

1 1 century BC, Ji Zi established the Marquis of Ji Zi (Jizi Korea) in western Liaoning and conferred the title of Zhou Wang. The clear record of "Su Shen Wu Bei Tuye" in the ancient books of the Zhou Dynasty shows the relationship between the Central Plains and the Northeast, that is, the Northeast is the northern soil of the Zhou Dynasty.

In 300 BC, Yan Kaiqin went to East Lake and opened up Liaodong.

In the first 226 years, Wang Jian, the general of Qin Dynasty, conquered Yan Dou thistle, Prince Xi and Taizi Dan fled to Liaodong, and Li Xin, the general of Qin Dynasty, chased Taizi Dan to Yanshui, hence the name Taizi River.

In 222, Wang Ben, the son of Wang Jian, led an army to attack Liaodong, captured the State of Yan, and the State of Yan perished. Qin established Liaoxi County and Liaodong County in Northeast China.

In the 2nd century BC, Fuyu was established.

In 37 BC, Koguryo was established in Koguryo County, Xuantu County, Western Han Dynasty.

In 337 AD, it was called the Prince of Yan, and was built in Longcheng (now Chaoyang City), which was called Qianyan in history.

In 668, the Tang Dynasty annexed Goguryeo, and the Tang Dynasty owned the whole northeast.

In 698, Da Zuorong, the ancestor of Manchu, established Bohai State.

In 7 13, Bohai kingdom was canonized by Tang dynasty.

In 926, Liao annexed the Bohai Sea.

1287, the Yuan Dynasty established a book province in Liaoyang, which governed the whole northeast.

137 1 year, the Ming dynasty set up a garrison in Liaodong (later changed to Liaodong viceroy).

1409, the Ming Dynasty established the Nuer Tudor Command and Envoy Division (hereinafter referred to as Nuer Tudor Division) in present-day Russia.

16 16, the post-Jin (post-Qing) regime was established.

In the ninth year of Tiancong (1635), on October 13th, Huang Taiji issued an order to change the Manchu name. (Manchuria is a nation, not a place name! )

1644, the Qing army entered the customs and unified China.

1689, the Qing Dynasty repelled Russian aggression and signed the Sino-Russian Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu.

1858, sino-Russian peace treaty, tsarist Russia occupied the territory north of Heilongjiang.

1860, Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty, Tsarist Russia occupied the territory east of Wusuli River.

1894, the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894 began.

1906, "Man Tie" was established.

1928, Huanggutun incident, Zhang was assassinated.

1928, the northeast changed its flag, and Zhang Xueliang surrendered to Nanjing nationals in name.

193 1 year, wicker lake incident. The September 18th Incident happened.

1932, the puppet Manchukuo came into being with the support of Japanese imperialism. Change Changchun into "New Beijing".

1934, Puyi became emperor of Manchukuo.

1945, Soviet troops entered the northeast of China to annihilate the Japanese Kwantung Army, Japan surrendered, the puppet Manchukuo perished, and the northeast recovered. The location of the "Imperial Palace" of the Puppet Manchukuo was named Guangfu Road. The whole country entered the northeast at the same time.

1946, Siping Defence War

1948, Liaoshen Campaign, the three northeastern provinces were completely liberated.

1949, People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded.

Question 7: The institution that managed Liaodong Peninsula in the early Qing Dynasty was the northeast, which was the land of Longxing in the Qing Dynasty. After entering the customs during the Shunzhi period, the Eight Banners stationed in the garrison stayed in Shengjing and Shenyang, and it was forbidden for the mainland to go out for farming. It has gradually formed three general jurisdictions equivalent to provinces: Shengjing, Jilin and Heilongjiang. Generally speaking, the deputy capital of a special city is located in each city and manages the adjacent areas of each city. Under the deputy commander, there is a general manager who commands the flag.

Question 8: Where did Manchuria answer the landlord in Qing Dynasty?

Manzhouli is closely related to the northeast of China. The word Northeast originated in modern times. After the Revolution of 1911, especially after Zhang Xueliang announced that the Northeast changed its flag, the Republic of China began to replace Manzhouli, the birthplace of the Qing Dynasty, with the Northeast. Due to historical and political reasons, in China, Manchuria, Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces are generally referred to as Northeast China or Northeast China. Later, the western part of the three northeastern provinces was included in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, so the eastern part of Inner Mongolia (East Fifth League) also belonged to Manchuria.

Manchuria, Liaodong, Guandong, Guanwai and Northeast successively inherited the relationship, but the specific geographical scope was very different. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Yan established Liaodong County and Liaoxi County in the northeast. After Qin Shihuang unified China, Liaodong County was established in the native land of Yan State, covering today's Liaoning Province and southeastern Jilin, with Liaodong as the eastern starting point of Qin Changcheng. In the 14th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 138 1), General Xu Da built Shanhaiguan, and from then on, the territory of Northeast China was called Kanto and Guanwai. On October 13th, the 9th year of Tiancong (1635), Huang Taiji issued a letter to change his surname to Manchuria, which is both a surname and a geographical concept. Since then, the territory of Northeast China has been called Manchuria. Historically, Manchuria (Northeast China) has a broad sense and a narrow sense. The northeast in a broad sense refers to all the territory of the Qing Dynasty in the northeast direction before the Sino-Russian Nebuchadnezzar Chu Treaty 1689. Generally speaking, it reaches Lake Baikal, Yenisei River and Lena River in the west, Shanhaiguan in the south, the Pacific Ocean in the east and the Arctic Ocean in the north, covering the entire coastline of Northeast Asia, including Chukchi Peninsula, kamchatka peninsula, Sakhalin Island and Thousand Islands. Liaodong is a geographical concept of southern Manchuria, which was once used to refer to the vast Manchuria region. In history, Liaodong once included Hansi County (most of the area north of the Hanjiang River Basin on the Korean Peninsula). Manzhouli in a narrow sense refers to the three northeastern provinces of Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang, or the four northeastern provinces (including eastern Inner Mongolia).

I hope my answer can help you.

Question 9: Who can explain to me the mystery of the disappearance of most native Han people in Northeast China in the late Ming Dynasty, which was caused by Manchu people in the early Qing Dynasty and Liaodong people in the late Ming Dynasty?

Anyone who has been to Liaoning should know that the vast majority of Northeasters are descendants of Hebei and Shandong people who traveled eastward during the People's Republic of China (PRC) period. There are few descendants of the local indigenous Han people. This is not puzzling.

Is it because there was no * * * in Liaoning before the founding of the People's Republic? Obviously not. Liaodong belonged to the capital of Liaodong in the Ming Dynasty, and Hongwu was incorporated into the territory of the Ming Dynasty in eight years. In the Ming Dynasty, there were 25 Wei and 2 states in the capital of Liaodong, among which 25 Wei were inhabited by Han people and 2 states were inhabited by ethnic minorities. The Ming dynasty, like other Han regimes in history, often counted only the Han population, not the minority population, because only the Han people paid taxes. Liaodong has been a place where Han people live since ancient times, and it is one of Kyushu's secluded states. The residents are mainly Han nationality, and the population is not small. Jinzhou Weiyiwei, one of the only 25 guards, had a population of 45,620 during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty (Volume III of Records of Liaodong). It can be seen that the Han population of Liaodong 25 Wei during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty was 1 10,000, not to mention the military households and their families stationed in chariots. According to the statistics during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, the total population of the Ming Dynasty was only 60 million, but now the population of China is over 654.38+03 billion. Judging from the reproduction ratio of the normal population, it is 6.5438+0 million, and their descendants should have more than 20 million by now, accounting for more than half of Liaoning's total population of 40.9 million, which is not uncommon. There is only one reason why the descendants of Liaoning aborigines are extinct now, and their ancestors have disappeared collectively.

Then how did they disappear? Today's history experts are afraid to keep their mouths shut.

We have to look at Mr. Qian Mu's Outline of National History: Nurhachi is extremely excluded from China, and maybe we can find the answer from it.

Nurhachi boasted that "cultivating Ni Kan (derogatory)" killed Liao people.

Tomorrow will be the third year. 1623) In June, I heard that the number of Han people in Fuzhou increased, and I accepted the "spies' miscellaneous clothes" sent by Daming, ready to defect. Nurhachi sent Baylor, such as Daishan, Zhai Sangu, Azig, and Shuo, with an army of 20,000, suppressed and slaughtered all the men and brought back a large number of children and livestock.

In the first month of the ninth year of the post-Jin appointed rule, Nurhachi sent a large number of officers and men of the Eight Banners to collect the grain of the Han people in most areas under the jurisdiction of the Jin State. Anyone who has a grain that is not as good as a metal bucket is designated as "a person without a grain". Nuerhachi insulted "the man without valley" as "a bachelor who lives at home indefinitely without farming or valley, and wants to flee to another place (Ming State)", and ordered the officers and men of the Eight Banners to "treat the man without valley as an enemy", found him "wandering around begging for food", immediately "brought him here" and "killed Ni Kan found everywhere".

On the third day of October, the tenth year of the capital of the late Jin Dynasty, Nurhachi issued a long imperial edict accusing the Han people of "harboring spies, accepting bribes, and constantly defecting", listing the cases of armed resistance of the Han people in Zhenjiang, Changshan Island, Cheng Chuan, Yaozhou, Zhangyi Station, Anshan, Haizhou and Jinzhou, and announcing that they would slay defectors. He ordered Baylor, the Eight Banners and the company commanders to prepare for the above officers and generals and lead the soldiers to "distinguish" the Han people in their own villages. Anyone who resists gold will be put to death. The generals obeyed, "each went his own way, and when he met the fortress, he dismounted and beheaded."

From time to time, Liao people are said to have been completely slaughtered.

In "Chanyu" on the third day of October, Nurhachi ordered all the "villains" (i.e. laborers) who were not killed to be incorporated into Tuokesuo (Zhuang) of Li Chanyu and Baylor. Each Zhuang has thirteen oxen, cultivated land for a hundred days, and Zhuang Ding "eats by himself" at noon and "official tax" at noon. After the establishment of Li Zhuang, the company commanders are below and the garrison is above, "each garrison gives the manor." In this way, the Han people who planned to divide the land in the past lost their identity as private households and became "Zhuang Ding" with the nature of enslaved serfs, and were forced to pay Ding several times as much money as "planned to divide the land", which aggravated personal slavery and exploitation.

Most of the Han people in Liaodong (except the Han people who originated from Aha) have been reduced from "private households" who planned to divide their fields in the late Jin Dynasty to feudal serfs who paid high land rent and were oppressed by landlords, which has seriously deepened the suffering of Liao people. The vicious expansion of serfdom estates throughout the late Jin Dynasty is a great retrogression.

Nuerhachi ordered * * * to merge with Nuzhen, in fact, the Manchu banners were placed in * * * households, and the Manchu enslaved * * *, and the Han men took all the heavy physical labor, and the Han women became their handmaiden.

This inequality, coupled with lack of clothing and food, has led to ...

Question 10: Was there more people in Northeast China in Ming and Qing Dynasties? Liaoning belonged to Shandong in the Ming Dynasty, so * * * accounted for almost 90%. However, after the Manchu captured Liaodong, it massacred * * and implemented the wicker border policy, so there were few * * * in Northeast China.