Describe1the overall social situation of the United States at the end of the 9th century and the beginning of the 20th century.

1The end of the 9th century and the beginning of the 20th century were the period of American civil war and post-war reconstruction.

the Civil War

/kloc-in the first half of the 0/9th century, American territory gradually expanded from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific coast. Thousands of people crossed the Appalachian Mountains and moved westward. Some pioneers moved to the border of the United States and even went deep into the territory of Mexico and Oregon between Alaska and California.

The United States has gradually changed from resisting colonial aggression to encroaching on neighboring neo-colonialists, which has brought deep suffering and long-term trauma to neighboring countries. During this period, there were many wars between Americans and American Indians, but the Indians were losing ground and finally had to retreat to the westernmost part.

With the territorial expansion, the economy has undergone significant changes, and the north-south economy has developed in different directions. Develop maritime trade and strengthen the northern shipping industry. A great deal of primitive accumulation of capital. As early as 1790, the first cotton mill was established in Rhode Island. Since then, other factories have appeared one after another.

Since the19th century, a lot of money has been invested in industry and commerce, and industrial production has developed. While vigorously introducing science and technology from western Europe, we encourage creativity and invention. /kloc-in the decade of 0/9, industrialization advanced rapidly. From 65438 to 0860, American industrial production ranked fourth in the world. Two-thirds of the finished products are produced in the northeast.

A large number of immigrants from western Europe poured in and migrated to the west, providing free employment labor for economic development. However, in the south, the cotton plantation economy based on slave labor has been expanding from the Atlantic coastal States to Texas.

In the newly developed areas in the west, whether to implement free labor system or slavery has become the theme of national political struggle. 1820, the north made concessions to the south and reached the Missouri compromise. The dispute between the two sides was temporarily suspended.

Civil war broke out.

With the intensification of the struggle between the two different social and economic systems in the north and the south and the rising slave resistance, the mass anti-slavery movement has been widely carried out. 1840, the "liberal party" advocating the abolition of slavery was established. 1848, abolitionists and opponents of slavery in the Democratic Party and Whig Party organized the Free Soil Party, aiming at establishing a free state in the western region.

1850, after a dispute, the two sides reached a compromise, and Congress passed a strict law on hunting fugitive slaves. 1854, Congress passed the kansas-nebraska act, abolishing the geographical boundary between slave-holding states and free states, and thus abolishing the Missouri compromise, which was strongly opposed by the northern industrial bourgeoisie.

1854 * * * The Peace Party was founded with the aim of opposing slavery. 1856. Buchanan of the Democratic Party was elected president. At this time, in fact, the Democratic Party has become a political party representing the interests of slave owners. 1857, the Supreme Court made Scott's judgment, the legal meaning of which is to push the scale of slavery to the whole country.

1854 * * * The Peace Party was founded with the aim of opposing slavery. 1856. Buchanan of the Democratic Party was elected president. At this time, in fact, the Democratic Party has become a political party representing the interests of slave owners. 1857, the Supreme Court made Scott's judgment, the legal meaning of which is to push the scale of slavery to the whole country.

1859 The anti-slavery armed uprising led by Brown was suppressed. In the 1860 presidential election, * * * and the party candidate Lincoln won. The southern slave owners' group, which had been plotting rebellion for a long time, decided to leave the alliance, and in February of 186 1, another southern alliance was established, announcing the maintenance of slavery.

Reconstruction period

The civil war ended with the victory of the union. 1865 April14; Lincoln was assassinated and Vice President Johnson succeeded him as president. Began the reconstruction period.

Reconstruction period refers to the period of transformation and reconstruction of social politics, economy and social life in the south after the end of the civil war. Its historical task is to consolidate and expand the achievements of the civil war through political and legislative means, re-establish state power loyal to the Federation in the southern rebel States, restore normal relations between the southern States and the Federation, and rebuild and consolidate the unity of the Federation.

As early as1863,65438+February 8, Lincoln put forward a generous and reconciled reconstruction plan in the Amnesty and Reconstruction Declaration, and put it into practice in Louisiana, Virginia, Arkansas and Tennessee from 1864 to 1865.

Baidu Encyclopedia-American History