Using the knowledge of political life to analyze why the Party should promote the construction of beautiful China.

Promoting "Three Developments" and Building Beautiful China

Ren xueping

The report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that the construction of ecological civilization is a long-term plan related to people's well-being and the future of the nation. Faced with the severe situation of tight resource constraints, serious environmental pollution and degraded ecosystem, we must establish the concept of ecological civilization of respecting nature, conforming to nature and protecting nature, put the construction of ecological civilization in a prominent position, and integrate it into all aspects and the whole process of economic construction, political construction, cultural construction and social construction, and strive to build a beautiful China and realize the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. On this basis, the report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China further pointed out that to build a beautiful China, we must adhere to the basic national policy of saving resources and protecting the environment, adhere to the policy of giving priority to saving, protecting and natural restoration, make great efforts to promote green development, circular development and low-carbon development, form a spatial pattern, industrial structure, a mode of production and lifestyle that saves resources and protects the environment, reverse the deterioration trend of the ecological environment from the source, create a good production and living environment for the people, and create global ecological security.

Standardize the future development direction of China with green development

In the "three major developments", green development generally regulates the future development trend of China's economy, politics, culture and society, which is not only the requirement of sustainable economic development, but also the basis of harmonious political, cultural and social development.

Specifically, green development has multi-dimensional value load, which not only has ecological value and economic value, but also has political, cultural and social humanistic value. The harvest of ecological value is the most direct. Reducing the use of resources, improving the efficiency of resource utilization, controlling pollution emissions, and adopting recycling mode can make ecological organisms return to their regenerative ability, reconcile nature with human beings, and leave an ecological environment that is not deficient for future generations. At the same time, the ecological value of green development also contains "quasi-value" factors, which will win a precious world for human beings to find and synthesize materials and energy indispensable for their own survival and development. It takes time for economic value to appear. 1972, the club of Rome, a non-governmental academic organization composed of scientists, economists and entrepreneurs, published a famous research report, The Limit of Growth, and put forward the view that the supply of natural resources and environmental capacity could not meet the extended economic growth model. It gives the world a great warning, but it also seems to set up a "confrontation", that is, the opposition between economy and ecology. In recent years, more scholars agree that in the original sense, as long as human beings tend to treat nature "fairly, equally and rationally" and adhere to green development, the relationship between them is not the relationship between fish and bear's paw, that is, as long as human beings can clarify the relationship between short-term interests and long-term interests, and promote the formation of new ecological industries and the changes of economic structure with a forward-looking vision, they will certainly be able to reduce costs, improve efficiency and reap rich economic returns. Compared with ecological and economic values, humanistic values seem indirect, but they are of more important and indispensable significance to the resurrection and perfection of human nature. In the long run, green development can promote people's multi-dimensional survival and development, sustainable economic development can continuously improve people's basic necessities of life, ecological harmony can enhance the safety of human survival and the quality of life of contemporary people, and more importantly, it can also promote people to gradually get rid of the "one-dimensional" nature made by industrial civilization and constantly evolve into complete people.

Building a resource-saving society with circular development

Circular development is mainly to solve the problem of resource constraints. It aims at the effective utilization and recycling of resources and follows the principles of reduction, reuse and recycling. According to the definition of the United Nations Environment Programme, natural resources are "natural environmental factors and conditions that can generate economic value at a certain time and place to improve the current and future welfare of mankind", which are limited and some are non-renewable. However, after the "ravage" of industrial civilization, the earth's resources have long been stretched and unsustainable, which can be seen from the world land resources crisis. The degree of human utilization of land reflects the development of human civilization, but excessive utilization also causes direct damage to land resources, which is manifested in soil erosion, land desertification, soil salinization and soil pollution. It is estimated that at present, the surface soil loss of cultivated land in the world is about 23 billion tons per year, and 6 million hectares of land in the world become deserts every year. About 30% to 80% of the world's irrigated land is affected by salinization to varying degrees, and the annual loss of land due to salinization and waterlogging is as high as 200,000 to 300,000 hectares. The situation in our country is even worse. According to statistics, by 2020, the population of China will reach 65.438+0.5 billion, the urbanization process is accompanied by desertification, and the habitable and usable land is half that of 50 years ago. Western China and other areas under ecological pressure find it difficult to feed the population there. In the future, there will be 654.38+86 million residents in 22 provinces and cities who need to settle down. Other provinces and cities can only accommodate about 33 million people, which means that there will be 654.38+0.5 billion ecological migrants in China, or "environmental refugees". Therefore, only by implementing circular economy can "resources" be rescued from the quagmire.

The traditional economy is a broken chain economy composed of "raw materials-products-wastes". In this kind of economy, people are making more and more efforts to develop the materials and energy on the earth, but only a part or a small part is converted into products in the process of production and consumption, and the rest is discharged into the natural environment as "three wastes". The utilization of resources is usually extensive and one-off. The quantitative growth of economy is realized by constantly turning resources into waste, which leads to the shortage and exhaustion of many natural resources and leads to disastrous environmental pollution consequences. Unlike this, circular economy advocates an economic development model based on the continuous recycling of materials. According to the principle of recycling, the chain of "waste-raw materials" is supplemented to form a closed chain of "raw materials-products-waste-raw materials", so that the whole economic system and production and consumption process basically do not produce or only produce a small amount of waste, and production is truly brought into the big cycle of the ecosystem.

Since the industrial civilization, most developed countries and emerging economies have taken the road of pollution first and then treatment. This pollution control mode is to treat the symptoms rather than the root cause, and the result is half the effort. In the second half of the 20th century, some environmentalists began to call for the change of pollution control from terminal control to source control, that is, the priority of waste generation control is: avoiding generation-recycling-final disposal. First of all, the green design of products should be carried out at the source of production-input end to save resources and prevent and reduce the generation of waste; Secondly, the pollutants that can't be cut at the source and the packaging waste and second-hand goods used by consumers are recycled to make them return to the economic cycle; Finally, when avoiding generation and recycling cannot be realized, the final waste will be treated in an environmentally friendly way. Realizing the control from the end to the source can get twice the result with half the effort, and it should be a rational choice for environmental protection from the perspective of economic and social benefits.

Building an environment-friendly society with low-carbon development

Low-carbon development is mainly aimed at energy conservation and emission reduction, pollution emission and climate change. It is an economic model based on low energy consumption and low emissions, with low dependence on energy and small greenhouse gas emissions.

The high-carbon production and lifestyle in industrial society consume a lot of natural resources, especially a lot of coal and oil, which leads to excessive carbon dioxide emission into the atmosphere, resulting in a global "greenhouse effect", which leads to the continuous warming of the earth and poses a serious threat to the sustainable development of economy and society. Paul Hawken, a famous contemporary American economist and management scientist, issued such a warning in his masterpiece "Business Ecology": "We are at the peak of crazy use of hydrocarbons every 654.38 billion years. In the next 50 years, the impact of the exhaust gas generated by the burning of this substance on the earth is equivalent to covering the earth with double glass, and the impact on the climate is still unknown. " In fact, in the past 50 years, industrial production has tripled carbon emissions, leading to a significant increase in the earth's temperature, and the frequency and time of extreme climate on a global scale are getting higher and higher. If mankind does not change the existing production and lifestyle and reduce carbon emissions, the future destructiveness may dwarf the present destructiveness. As the largest emerging developing country, China is a big country in energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission. For the sustainable development of China's future economy and the responsibility of protecting the global environment, we must immediately change the high-carbon economic model, that is, high consumption of natural resources and high carbon dioxide emissions, and develop a low-carbon economic model.

The basic characteristics of low-carbon economy are low resource consumption, low energy consumption, low emission and low pollution; Its basic requirements are to deal with the impact of carbon-based energy on climate change, reduce energy consumption and develop new energy sources; Its basic goal is to realize the sustainable development of economy and society; Its essence is to improve the efficient use of energy, promote regional clean production and development, promote the low-carbon development of products and maintain the global ecological balance. This is a new economic development model that has changed from the era of high-carbon energy to the era of low-carbon energy. In order to develop a low-carbon economy, we must adjust the economic structure and change the mode of economic development. Actively develop low-carbon technologies; Optimize the energy structure and vigorously develop low-carbon energy; Improve land use, expand carbon sink potential, increase the absorption of greenhouse gases by forests, cultivated land and grasslands, reduce emissions, and maintain or increase their carbon reserves; Wait a minute.

The goal is clear and the journey has begun. Let us hold high the great banner of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, study and implement the spirit of the 18th National Congress, build a new era of ecological civilization and write a new chapter of beautiful China!