Why didn't the Chinese establish their own country in Southeast Asia? How did these seven China countries perish?

While western Europeans colonized vast areas of Asia, Africa and Latin America, people began to move towards South Asia. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, Han people began to immigrate to Southeast Asia on a large scale, which was called "Lower Southeast Asia" in history.

(Chinese sailboats in the era of great navigation)

China immigrated to Southeast Asia, which brought advanced production technology and sufficient labor. China people have opened up a new world on the wasteland with their own hands.

In today's Southeast Asian countries, Indonesia is the country with the largest absolute number of Chinese, with about 8.8 million Indonesian Chinese, accounting for about 3.5% of the local population. The country with the largest population is Singapore, with about 3.7 million Chinese, accounting for 74.2% of the local population. (Of course, this is a rough figure, and the statistics will be different. )

(Hakkas in East Timor)

Many people who study history will ask a question? Why didn't the Chinese establish an independent country in Southeast Asia except Singapore?

In fact, Singapore was not prepared to establish its own country at first. Singapore actively joined the Malaysian Federation. Later, due to the contradiction between the People's Action Party led by Lee Kuan Yew and the Malay National Unity Organization of Malaysia, and the riots between Chinese and Malays in Singapore, Tengku, the leader of the Malay National Unity Organization, expelled Singapore from Malaysia to avoid further deterioration of the situation. Singapore's expulsion from Malaysia was passive, not active.

(Map of Malaysia)

The reason why China people didn't establish an independent country in Southeast Asia lies in the marine strategy of the Ming and Qing governments.

After Zheng He's voyage to the West, the Ming government paid insufficient attention to the marine cause. However, this is conducive to the existence of the "maritime group" in the Ming Dynasty. At that time, the maritime trade between China's coastal areas and Southeast Asia was controlled by China's "maritime group", also known as the "maritime armed group". China's "maritime armed groups" lasted for about two centuries, the most famous of which were Wang Zhi, Li Dan and Zheng Zhilong.

(Zheng Zhilong in the eyes of the Dutch, green Zheng Zhilong)

In principle, the Ming Dynasty severely cracked down on armed groups active at sea, but the local government of the Ming Dynasty indulged their existence to a certain extent, either because local officials practiced favoritism and malpractice, or because the maritime ban policies and laws of the Ming Government were impermanent. In short, these shipping groups were still active in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.

After the Manchu Dynasty entered the Central Plains, Zheng Zhilong and Zheng Chenggong, the largest maritime armed groups at that time, took part in anti-Qing activities, and Zheng Chenggong led the army in the anti-Qing struggle along the southeast coast. Therefore, in the Qing Dynasty's view, these maritime armed groups were potential threats. The navy of the Qing Dynasty wiped out the armed groups at sea and finally wiped out these "pirates" in the18th century.

After Zheng Chenggong recovered Taiwan Province Province from the Dutch, he was ready to further explore the Philippines. At this time, Zheng Chenggong died unfortunately, and his plan to attack the Philippines ran aground.

The death of Zheng Chenggong and the complete elimination of maritime armed groups by the Qing Dynasty in the18th century indicated that the armed groups in China completely withdrew from the southeast coast, which was equivalent to handing over the sea control rights of China and the coastal areas of Southeast Asia to westerners.

(China, Guangdong and Fujian coastal map drawn by westerners)

On the one hand, the central government did not care about the marine cause in Ming and Qing dynasties, on the other hand, the maritime armed groups were eliminated. So from the18th century, China people basically lost their military support from China.

Building a country requires armed forces. Without armed forces, where can there be a country?

16, 17 and 18 centuries, China people established seven countries in Southeast Asia (including 1 country established at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty), and all these countries later perished. Without the support of the central government of the Qing Dynasty, China people were strangers to the powerful western powers. These countries cannot survive.

Doris ** * Republic of China

Among these seven countries, the most influential one is Lan Fanghe (1777- 1884). 1770, Luo Fangbo, a Hakka from Jiaying, Guangdong, established Lanfang Company in West Borneo (now West Kalimantan) in Southeast Asia. After the establishment of Lanfang Company,

(Doris * * and China's position)

Doris * * * After the founding of the Republic of China, facing the threat of the Dutch, Luo Fangbo knew that foreigners were still afraid of the Qing Dynasty, and he was also afraid of the Qing emperor, so he paid tribute to the Qing Dynasty. The emperor of the Qing Dynasty always disapproved of China's hegemony overseas. "All over the world, isn't it the land of kings?" Will he come back to China to take my place one day? As a native of China, Luo Fangbo knew exactly what Emperor China was thinking, so he paid tribute to the Qing emperor not in the name of "* * * and the country", but in the name of "the company".

(Doris * * * and this country is actually a vassal state of the Qing Dynasty)

But the Dutch don't understand, thinking that the Qing government really admitted that Doris * * * and China were vassals of the Qing Empire, so they never dared to treat Doris * * * and China. By 1884, the Qing government had completely declined. The Dutch invaded Doris * * * and lost their homes. Because Doris * * and China paid tribute to the Qing Dynasty in the name of the company, not in the name of the "vassal state", when Doris * * and China were wiped out by the Dutch, the Qing government didn't say anything, "more things are better than less things", and even a formal treaty was not signed. At least Ryukyu, Korea, Vietnam and other vassal States have treaties.

Kingdom of Dai Yan

There is a kingdom of Dai Yan in the north of Kundian (close to Lanfang and the Republic of China). Its king is very cruel and the locals are very dissatisfied with him. Wu Yuansheng, a native of Meixian County, Guangdong Province, killed King Dai Yan, and the locals acclaimed Wu Yuansheng as King of Dai Yan. The Kingdom of Dai Yan has existed for more than 70 years, with four kings.

(Kundian is located in West Kalimantan, Indonesia)

/kloc-In the middle and late 20th century, the Kingdom of Dai Yan also became a colony of the Netherlands. Of course, the Qing government didn't say anything, and the Qing emperor probably didn't even know there was a kingdom of Dai Yan.

Kingdom of Inbona Island

Zhang, a Guangdong hipster, became king on Inbona Island (Natuna Islands) after the demise of Nanming. Natuna Islands is an archipelago in Indonesia, which is located in the sea between Malay Peninsula and Borneo Island. It consists of 272 islands with an area of 2 1 10 square kilometers and a population of about 90,000.

(Location of Natuna Islands)

Why did Zhang establish his own country on this archipelago? Because after the demise of Nanming, some defeated soldiers along the coast of Guangdong were dissatisfied with the rule of Qing Dynasty, and some fishermen came to live in Natuna Islands. Unfortunately, after Zhang's death, there was a power struggle within the kingdom, and Zhang's kingdom gradually declined. Later, the Natuna Islands became a colony of the Netherlands.

The kingdom of Wu in Malay

Wu Yang, a native of Fujian, founded a kingdom in Songkhla, Malay Peninsula in 1775. This country had no title and later became a vassal of Siam.

(Location of Songkhla)

(Now Songkhla)

Siam annexed the Wu Li Dynasty.

The King Wu Li Dynasty in Thailand can be considered to be established by China people, because Zheng Xin (1734- 1782), the founder of the Siam Wu Li Dynasty, was a Chinese-Thai hybrid. Zheng Xin's father is from Chenghai, Guangdong, China, and his name is Yongzheng, a native of Chaoshan, Guangdong. Zheng Xin's mother is from Siam.

1782, Zheng Xin was killed in a court coup in the Wu dynasty. General Chakri returned from the front line of Cambodia with a great army, seized power and established the Bangkok dynasty. Chakri was the first king of Bangkok dynasty, and was called Rama I in history, but his father's name was Tong Di and his mother's name was Dao Ruorong. She is part of China descent, but she is not from China in the real sense. Therefore, the relationship between Bangkok Dynasty and China people was not very great.

(Zheng Xin)

There are also two kingdoms of China in Southeast Asia, which were established in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties.

Java shun tower country

At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhang Shijie was defeated in the First World War in Yashan, and Lu Xiufu committed suicide by jumping into the sea with his young emperor. However, Lu Xiufu's son did not die or surrender to the Yuan Dynasty. He led some adherents of the Southern Song Dynasty to Java Island by boat, and established a country of obedience to other countries.

(Location of Java Island)

Shunda Kingdom also paid tribute to Ming Dynasty during Yongle period of Ming Dynasty. Ming History records the tribute of Shunta Kingdom and traces the beginning and end of the establishment of Shunta Kingdom. Today, we just know some history about the kingdom of Shunta in Java.

What happened along the tower is not clearly recorded in the history books.

Feilongguo

Zhang Lian, a native of Wushi Village, Raoping, Guangdong Province, rebelled against the Ming Dynasty and moved to Fujian, Jiangxi and Zhejiang. Later, the rebels were wiped out by the Ming court, and Zhang Lian sailed south, becoming king on Sambuchi Island (now Sumatra). Immigrants from China and businessmen from Guangdong and Fujian are attached to him.

(Sumatra)

The history books do not clearly record what happened to dragonfly later.

After the western powers came to Southeast Asia, the Qing emperors generally didn't care much about overseas affairs. Without the support of the Qing central government, these China countries could not resist the western powers.

After the victory of World War II, various countries in Southeast Asia became independent one after another, and areas dominated by Chinese people spread all over Southeast Asia, making it difficult to establish an independent country. Moreover, China people themselves are latecomers in the local area, and everyone pays attention to "first come, then come". China people should be cautious in all aspects, focusing only on business and education and not paying much attention to politics. Singapore became an China country because it was expelled from Malaysia.

(the area where Zheng He sailed to the West)

While western Europeans colonized Asia, Africa, Latin America and other vast areas, people also began to move toward South Asia, but there are essential differences between them. Western Europeans had strong state support behind their colonial activities, while China's exploration of South Asia was not supported by the central government in Ming and Qing Dynasties. This is the most fundamental reason why Western Europeans have established many independent countries in Asia, Africa and Latin China, while American immigrants have not.