What is the strong demand for senior high school entrance examination for children of floating population in different places?

It is necessary to break through the mindset of planned control, scientifically predict population, adjust urban planning, increase the supply of public services and infrastructure, and conform to the general trend of population mobility and rapid urbanization; Expand the supply of urban public education services, simplify and reduce the conditions for children of floating population to enter public schools, and guarantee their right to education; Strengthen the overall planning at the provincial level, and establish a financial supply system for compulsory education with the inflow provincial government as the mainstay; Develop inclusive private schools and improve and standardize schools for children of migrant workers; Promote the entrance examination and college entrance examination for children of floating population in different places; Pay attention to improving the preschool education of migrant workers' children; We will improve the points-based household registration system, abolish the link between residence permit and continuous social security, and substantially promote the citizenization of floating population.

The education of floating children is one of the outstanding educational equity issues at present. Recently, 2 1 Century Education Research Institute, Social Science Literature Publishing House and other units jointly released the Report on the Education Development of Migrant Children in China (20 16), which described the current situation and existing problems of migrant children from various aspects.

Reduce the conditions for children of floating population to enter public schools

At present, the total number of floating children is already very large and presents some new characteristics.

According to the blue book statistics of floating children, as of 20 15 10/day, the total floating population in China has reached 247 million, and 1 person in every 6 people in China is "mobile". As children of floating population, the total number of floating children and left-behind children is about 1 100 million.

By the end of 20 14, the proportion of children of floating population in urban compulsory education stage was 79.5%, and there were still more than 2 million children of floating population who failed to attend urban public schools and could only attend private schools or schools for children of floating population with poor conditions.

In recent years, the policies and practices related to compulsory education for migrant children have made progress.

According to the statistics of the Blue Book of Migrant Children, from the perspective of policy development, in March of 20 14, the Central Committee and the State Council issued the National New Urbanization Plan (20 14-2020), demanding that "the compulsory education of migrant children should be included in the educational development plan and financial guarantee of governments at all levels, the school layout should be rationally planned, the teacher establishment should be scientifically approved, and the amount should be sufficient. This shows that the country has put forward a new policy goal to solve the problem of compulsory education for the children of floating population from "two-oriented" to "two-inclusion", that is, the permanent population will be included in the regional education development plan and the education of the children of floating population will be included in the scope of financial security.

From the local practice, after 2008, the compulsory education of children of floating population showed a trend of overall improvement and local innovation, but at the same time, some new situations and problems appeared. The floating population in most provincial capital cities mainly comes from this province, so it is relatively easy to solve the education problem of floating children. From developing simple schools to expanding the capacity of public schools and incorporating them into government management and planning, to providing funds by the government, and then to implementing the residence permit system of points admission and points entry in various places. However, from the actual situation, the number of available degrees in the integral enrollment management is far from meeting the educational needs of the children who move with them, mainly for the superior groups with high academic qualifications and low income.

At the same time, there are still some deep-seated problems in the education of children of floating population. In this regard, the Blue Book of Migrant Children suggests that we should break through the mindset of planned control, scientifically predict the population, adjust urban planning, increase the supply of public services and infrastructure, and conform to the general trend of population mobility and rapid urbanization; Expand the supply of urban public education services, simplify and reduce the conditions for children of floating population to enter public schools, and guarantee their right to education; Strengthen the overall planning at the provincial level, and establish a financial supply system for compulsory education with the inflow provincial government as the mainstay; Develop inclusive private schools and improve and standardize schools for children of migrant workers; Promote the entrance examination and college entrance examination for children of floating population in different places; Pay attention to improving the preschool education of migrant workers' children; We will improve the points-based household registration system, abolish the link between residence permit and continuous social security, and substantially promote the citizenization of floating population.

"I think that in the future, the provincial government will mainly solve the funding problem of children of floating population." Yuan Liansheng, a professor at the School of Economics and Business Administration of Beijing Normal University who participated in the preparation of the Blue Book of Migrant Children, said.

Preschool education of migrant children has always attracted much attention.

The Blue Book of Migrant Children points out that at present, China has not formulated a unified national preschool education management standard for migrant children, nor has it been included in the scope of basic public services. It is difficult to guarantee the preschool education opportunities for migrant children and effectively improve the quality of preschool education.

According to the survey conducted in Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chongqing on 20 15, the low quality of preschool education and the lack of family education are the two main status quo of preschool education for the children of migrant workers in cities. It is difficult and expensive for children to enter the park, which is the biggest problem for migrant workers to reflect the preschool education in their areas.

From the external environment, the playground in the park to the sanitary conditions, the poor conditions in the kindergarten where the children of migrant workers are located are also a big hidden danger, and even do not meet the conditions for running the park stipulated by the state. Kindergarten teachers are characterized by "weak strength and great mobility". The survey shows that the qualifications of teachers in kindergartens where migrant workers' children are located are mainly technical secondary schools and junior colleges, and many kindergartens have a system of teaching classes; Under the high-intensity workload, the overall monthly salary of teachers is not high. In this case, teachers are not only confused about their professional identity, but also highly mobile. Take Shanghai as an example, 52.6% of the teachers have been teaching for less than 1 year, and only 10.5% have worked for more than three years.

Family education is also a weak link for migrant children.

The research group found that the weakening of the family education function of migrant workers' children is very unfavorable to their education. On the one hand, parents have high expectations for their children, but due to the backward educational concept and low comprehensive quality and investment, they cannot provide effective support. On the other hand, the parents of migrant workers' children are single-minded, care about the results and don't pay attention to the process. When children have problems in their studies, parents often preach and criticize, and even spank their children. For example, 59.3% of parents in Chongqing said that education is a way of preaching and criticizing.

The Blue Book of Migrant Children holds that the management efficiency and administrative intervention of governments at all levels are far behind the needs of development from the practical needs and current difficulties, and urgently calls on the government to change from "elite matching" to "compensation for the weak". It is suggested that the main countermeasures for the preschool education construction of migrant workers' children in the future should focus on strengthening the leading responsibility of governments at all levels; Straighten out all kinds of management mechanisms at all levels; Improve the internal management level of the park; Guide and support, expand inclusive resources and multi-party cooperation to explore nursing work.

Lu Jianfei, a professor at Shanghai Normal University who participated in the writing of the Blue Book of Migrant Children, believes that the legislation of preschool education in China should be accelerated as much as possible to meet the growing demand for preschool education.

There is a strong demand for migrant children to take the senior high school entrance examination.

Even if migrant children can receive preschool education, the next road is not easy.

The Blue Book of Migrant Workers' Children points out that it is difficult for migrant workers' children to continue their studies in the inflow areas due to the relative shortage of high school education resources in most cities and the factors of system and realistic environment. As of August, 20 14, 27 provinces have made clear the policy of senior high school entrance examination for migrant children. Judging from the policies and programs of the senior high school entrance examination in different provinces and cities, there are great regional differences in the qualifications of the children who move with them to take the senior high school entrance examination.

According to a special survey conducted by the research group of the Institute of Education Development and Reform Policy of China Institute of Science Education (2065 438+03-2065 438+05), choosing to receive higher education is the main demand of the children who move in.

According to this survey, 58.2% of the children of floating population in junior middle schools and 5 1.8% of the children of floating population across provinces clearly want to receive education after compulsory education, and more than 40% of them clearly want to receive higher education. However, in reality, the situation of this group continuing to receive education is not optimistic.

According to the Blue Book of Children of Floating Population, the reason why it is difficult to implement the policy of senior high school entrance examination in different places is closely related to the existing educational resource allocation system, household registration system, college entrance examination system and educational evaluation system.

The Blue Book of Migrant Children suggests that in order to improve and promote the entrance examination for migrant children in different places, we should strengthen the investigation of educational needs, find out the base and situation of migrant children, scientifically predict the "capacity" of the inflow place, make forward-looking planning, systematically evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the entrance examination in different places, and constantly improve the enrollment policy in senior high school; Innovate the mode of running a school in high school, and establish and improve the cost-sharing mechanism and input mechanism of education in high school.

"The quality of teaching in private schools for children of migrant workers is worrying. We followed the second-grade children in a school for children of migrant workers. In the end, only about 5% of children can go to college. " Song Yingquan, an associate researcher at the Institute of Education and Finance in China, Peking University, who participated in the preparation of the Blue Book of Migrant Children, said.

The college entrance examination system in different places needs to be further improved

For migrant children, the college entrance examination is the last challenge, and the implementation of the college entrance examination in different places has brought hope to migrant children.

In 20 13, China opened the college entrance examination in different places, giving eligible children who moved with them equal opportunities for the college entrance examination. The Blue Book of Migrant Children points out that through the analysis of the college entrance examination policies in different parts of China, it is found that in view of the different distribution of educational resources, population inflow and the degree of competition in the college entrance examination, China has adopted the method of "adapting to local conditions" to promote the college entrance examination in different places, which has led to the uneven opening threshold.

Generally speaking, China's off-site college entrance examination policy can be divided into the following categories: (1) Only higher vocational colleges are allowed to apply; The college entrance examination in different places is linked to the residence permit for talents and points for entering the household; Parents' residence permit+legally stable occupation+legally stable residence+social security+continuous student status; Household registration+student status; Parents' legally stable occupation+legally stable residence+three consecutive years of school status; A complete high school student status; One-year high school student status and other seven categories.

According to the statistics of "Blue Book of Children of Floating Population", by the end of 20 12, 30 provinces in China had successively introduced off-site college entrance examination schemes or transition schemes, including 12 areas, including Hebei, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Chongqing and Yunnan, from 20/2.

The Blue Book of Children of Floating Population points out that under the current college entrance examination admission system, the main problems in the opening of college entrance examination in different places in China include: the areas with prominent contradictions in college entrance examination in different places are not fully opened, or the opening threshold is high; In places with large population inflow, the sustainability of opening the college entrance examination in different places is doubtful; Western provinces and regions are facing the arduous task of cracking down on "college entrance examination immigrants"

The Blue Book of Migrant Children also points out that in order to fundamentally solve the problem of college entrance examination in different places, in the long run, it is necessary to deepen the reform of the college entrance examination system, that is, to break the existing provincial plan admission system and implement a new system of independent enrollment in colleges and universities based on the national unified examination. The college entrance examination has changed from the current planned college entrance examination to a free college entrance examination. Students can freely choose to apply for the college entrance examination, and there is no problem of the college entrance examination in different places. "I think to really solve this problem, we need to deepen the reform of the college entrance examination. The existence of the college entrance examination in different places, in fact, we still enroll students as planned, and the universities divide the indicators into provinces, forming the interests of the college entrance examination. " Xiong Bingqi, vice president of 2 1 Century Education Research Institute, who participated in the compilation of the Blue Book for Migrant Children, said.