How many people are there in France?

According to the statistics of 200 1, 1, 1, the population of France has increased to 60.7 million, of which 59 million people live in the mainland and1700,000 people live in four overseas provinces. 1950, the population of France was less than 42 million, but in about half a century, the population increased by more than 40% (table 1). In the same period, the world population increased from 2.5 billion to 6 billion, an increase of 140%. In contrast, France's growth rate is not fast. However, compared with the growth rate of neighboring countries since 1950, the growth rate of France is still relatively fast, because the population of all countries that make up the European Union today has only increased by 27% during this period. According to the statistics of 20065438+1 October1,the population of France has increased to 60.7 million: 59 million people live in France, and1700,000 people live in four overseas provinces. 1950, the population of France was less than 42 million, but in about half a century, the population increased by more than 40% (table 1). In the same period, the world population increased from 2.5 billion to 6 billion, an increase of 140%. In contrast, France's growth rate is not fast. However, compared with the growth rate of neighboring countries since 1950, the growth rate of France is still relatively fast, because the population of all countries that make up the European Union today has only increased by 27% during this period.

The proportion of French population in the world and Europe

region

Population (millions)

Annual change rate (%)

1900

1950

1975

2000

1900- 1950

1950- 1975

1975- 1998

Continental France

40.6

4 1.6

52.6

59.2

0.05

0.94

0.48

Proportion of EU (%)

not have

14. 1

15. 1

15.7

not have

0.28

0. 17

Proportion in the world (%)

2.5

1.7

1.3

1.0

-0.79

-0.96

- 1. 12

EU (15 countries)

not have

295.8

348.6

376.5

not have

0.66

0.3 1

world

1650.0

252 1.0

4050.0

6050.0

0.85

1.9 1

1.62

Source: United Nations and Eurostat.

The population growth rate of France is faster than that of the first half century, because the local population (according to the current division) 1900 is only 40.6 million.

Three quarters of the population grew naturally.

During the period of 1950- 1975, the population grew very rapidly, which was a period of baby boom and rapid economic development. After that, the growth rate slowed down significantly. In the last decade, the number of people has increased by about 250,000 every year: among them, the natural increase of the number of births over the number of deaths is about 200,000, and about 50,000 people are immigrants from abroad every year (Table 2). In 2000, the population naturally increased by nearly 240,000 people, equivalent to two-thirds of the natural population growth in the EU. The population of the EU is mainly due to the increase of immigrants. In 2000, among the population of1160,000, immigrants accounted for about 800,000.

Table 2. /kloc-population changes in France since 0/950

period

initial population

Average annual variation

Annual average

Annual migration

Proportion of immigrants (%)

Number of newborn population

Dead Man

Number of mouths

nature

Growth figure

1950- 1959

4 1570000

382200

8 16000

527700

288300

93900

24.6

1960- 1969

45354800

5 15300

845200

535000

3 10300

205000

39.8

1970- 1979

50528200

3 19800

796000

548800

247200

72600

22.7

1980- 1989

5373 1400

283400

776300

542800

233500

49900

17.6

1990- 1999

56577000

264900

536300

530400

205900

59000

22.3

2000

59225700

Source: National Institute of Statistics and Economics.

The fertility rate exceeds the European average.

In the past 30 years, according to the comprehensive fertility index statistics, the fertility rate has dropped significantly: 1.964, with an average of about three children per woman; 65,438+0,65. This change is not unique. In the early 1960s, all developed countries in Western Europe and North America were at the peak of childbearing. 1970 or so, except for Mediterranean countries, the fertility rate of women in most countries generally declined, and the decline rate exceeded that of France. In the 1980s, Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece also experienced the same changes. In these countries, especially Spain and Italy, the current fertility rate is the lowest in the world, with an average of less than 1, and every woman has two children.

Since1mid-1990s, the comprehensive fertility index has rebounded, reaching 65,438+0.89 in 2000. This year, 780,000 babies were born in France. This rebound phenomenon has occurred in several EU countries, but the situation in France is the most obvious. At the same time, the fertility rate has decreased, and the family size has also shrunk to only two children. On the other hand, the childbearing age of women has also increased: in 2000, the average childbearing age was 29 or 4 years old.

The continuous increase in average life expectancy.

In 2000, the average life expectancy of men was 75 or 2 years, while that of women was 82 or 7 years. At the beginning of this century, the average life expectancy was only about 50 years old. In the last 25 years, the average life expectancy of men has increased by 6 years, while that of women has increased by 5 or 5 years, and it is still increasing at a rate of about 3 months every year. The average life expectancy of French women is 82 years and 7 years respectively, ranking first in European countries, while the average life expectancy of French men is only at the middle level in European countries. Although the gap in life expectancy between men and women in France has narrowed in the past decade, it is still higher than that in most European countries. Infant mortality rate has dropped to a very low level: among 65,438+0,000 newborns, less than 5 died before their first birthday. The main reason for the increase in life expectancy is the decline in adult mortality. Of course, the decline in mortality is also closely related to the improvement of health. In 1980s, the average life expectancy of people with self-care ability (1) was also increasing, which is a health status indicator combining mortality and self-care ability. For men, the time of losing self-care ability is also shortened.

The population is aging day by day.

At 200 1, 1, 1, the population under 20 years old is slightly more than a quarter of the total population, while the population over 65 years old is 16% (Table 4). 10 years ago, the proportion of people over 65 was only 14%. This growth shows the aging of the population and the increase in the proportion of the elderly population (Table 5). This change has a long history, only because people born in1915-1919, with an unusually low birth rate, have gradually joined the ranks of the elderly, and this change has been concealed. The population over 85 years old grew even faster, from 0.9% (less than 500,000 people) in 1975 to over 2% (close to1200,000 people) at the beginning of 200 1. Today, the decline in the mortality rate of the elderly is the main reason for the aging of the population: not only in a generation, the proportion of the 60-year-old population continues to increase, but they will live a long life.

3. Changes in age structure (%)

age

age

1960

1980

1990

2000

0- 19 years old

32.2

30.6

27.8

25.6

20-39 years old

28.2

29.0

30.3

28.2

40-59 years old

23.0

23.4

22.9

25.7

Over 60 years old

16.7

17.0

19.0

20.5

Among them, over 75 years old.

4.3

5.7

6.8

7. 1

Among them, over 85 years old.

0.6

1. 1

1.5

2 1

be equal to

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Source: National Institute of Statistics and Economics survey and population census.

On 20011,the number of men and women aged 30 is roughly equal; And 84-year-old women are twice as many as men.

France continues to accept a large number of immigrants.

After World War II, the "glorious 30 years" witnessed strong economic development, relying on a large number of foreign workers. 1974 after the economic crisis, although the entry of the labor force was temporarily interrupted, there were still many French families and the laborers who had arrived before, and they continued to come to France to reunite with their families. In recent years, despite restrictive policies, foreign immigrants have not completely stopped entering France. According to the customs report, in the past ten years, immigration has increased the population of France by nearly 500 thousand. According to the census of 1999, there are 3.26 million foreigners and 4.3 million expatriates in France, some of whom have acquired French nationality. From 1990 to 1999, the number of immigrants increased by 3%, that is, the proportion of immigrant population to the total population remained unchanged. According to the actual situation of naturalization, the number of migrants above 18 (3) is almost unchanged. In addition to numbers, the composition of these populations has also changed. Immigrants in 1950s, 1960s or 1970s were mostly Italians, Spaniards, Portuguese and expatriates from black African countries. From 65438 to 0999, there were about 500,000 immigrants from the following three groups: Portuguese, Algerian and Moroccan; Followed by Turks, Italians, Spaniards and Tunisia; And people from all black African countries. In the sense of foreigners, Italians and Spaniards are the most typical, and a large part of them have acquired French nationality. In the 1990s, the number of expatriates from the European Union declined. After the border was opened, many expatriates from the European Union only came to live in France for a few years. Most people who entered the country on the grounds of political asylum and family reunion came from black Africa, Turkey and Asian countries.

The growth of the west coast and the Mediterranean.

The population density of France is slightly more than 100 people per square kilometer, which is different from that of neighboring countries. Except Spain, from Britain in the northwest to Italy in the south, the population density of all countries is much higher than that of France: 200 to 400 people per square kilometer. Paris alone, 12000 square kilometers, has gathered 19% of the population of the whole country, with a density of over 900 people/square kilometers. On the contrary, in six administrative districts, the population density is less than 60 people/square kilometer. These low-density areas are along the middle Pyrenees, along the Spanish border to the Champaign-Ardennes Plateau, including the whole central plateau. Of course, Paris has the highest population density, but the population density is also high in West Brittany and Loire along the northern and eastern continental borders and in the southeast. During the period from 1990 to 1999, the growth trend of the previous decade was basically maintained. Although the speed has slowed down, the growth rate in the south is still the fastest. In the Loire Valley, the population growth is also quite remarkable. Generally speaking, the population of the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts and the southwest region is growing rapidly. On the contrary, in northeast China, Limousin and Overwien, the population growth stagnated or even declined.

The city expands and the city center reappears.

1999, there are ten suburban settlements with more than 500,000 people (Figure 6). There are nearly 6,543,800+million residents in the settlement of Paris, and there are three cities with a population of more than one million: Marseille-Aix, Lyon and Lille.

4. Major cities 1999 (1)

city

Number of residents

Paris

9 645 000

Mosaics

1 350 000

Minister of heraldry

1 349 000

Lille

1 00 1 000

Nice

889 000

Toulouse

76 1 000

Bordeaux

754 000

Nantes

545 000

Toulon

520 000

Durance

5 19 000

Source: 1999 Census.

(1) There is no double counting of population in urban residential areas.

In the past half century, the urbanization process has gone through many stages. In 1950s and 1960s, the population gathered in big cities, such as Paris, mainly in communities near the suburbs: this is the stage of establishing residential areas. In 1970s and early 1980s, residential areas continued to develop, which was developed to the communities around the city through the expansion of suburbs. The number of residents in many urban centers is gradually decreasing. In the 1990s, the main urban area continued to develop: the development of the surrounding areas of the city was quite obvious, and the number of people going to work in neighboring cities increased one after another every day. The population of suburbs far away from the city center continues to decrease. Generally speaking, the population growth in suburbs is the fastest. At the same time, a new trend has emerged, which has also been revealed from time to time in the past decade. That is, the city center has found a new way of development and gradually restored its previous position. Due to the development of new public transportation, many people are likely and interested in living in the city center again.