How many years has the Zhou Dynasty existed?

The Zhou Dynasty (65438 BC+0046 BC-256 BC) is the third dynasty in the history of China after the Shang Dynasty. The Zhou Dynasty passed on 37 kings in 30 generations, enjoying 79 1 year.

Zhou Dynasty is the last hereditary dynasty in China after Shang Dynasty, and also the longest dynasty in China history. It is divided into two periods: the Western Zhou Dynasty (about 1 1 century -77 1 year) and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (about 770-256).

The Western Zhou Dynasty was one of the heyday of China civilization, from Zhou Wuwang's destruction of Shang Dynasty and the establishment of Haojiang (Zhou Zong) as its capital to the destruction of Zhou Youwang. The material civilization and spiritual civilization in this period have a far-reaching influence on later generations.

The capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty is Luoyi (now Luoyang, Henan Province), which can be divided into the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC) and the Warring States Period (476-22 BC1year). 256 years ago, Zhao Haoqi of Qin deposed Zhou Nanwang and died in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Before 22 1, Ying Zheng, king of Qin, unified all countries and established the Qin Dynasty.

Zhou people rose in Joo Won?. After consolidating national strength, King Wu conquered Shang Dynasty and established the Western Zhou Dynasty.

The crisis of the Three Prisons was pacified after the Duke of Zhou's eastward expedition, and the eastern land was stabilized by a large number of princes. The national strength of the Western Zhou Dynasty reached its peak during the reign of Cheng Kang and remained unchanged during the Zhaomu period.

* * * Yi Xiaoyi period, the national situation gradually declined, and finally Chinese riots and * * * and administration occurred. Wang Xuan Zhongxing was just a flash in the pan in the Western Zhou Dynasty. In the later period of Wang Xuan's rule, there was chaos in the Zhou Dynasty. Finally, Zhou Youwang suffered a dijon disaster, and the Western Zhou Dynasty perished.

During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the core of the relocation of Ping and Dong Wang mainly entered, but the failure of the crusade against the princes made the "ritual and music conquest from the emperor" gone forever. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the movement of respecting the king and resisting foreigners produced hegemony such as the Spring and Autumn Five Overlords. In the Warring States period, the situation kept rising, and the seven warring states men joined forces in Lian Heng. Zhou Shi was finally abolished by the State of Qin, and the Seven Heroes were finally unified by the State of Qin.

Extended data:

First, the feudal system of the Zhou Dynasty:

The story of He Zun's "Li Luoyi Completion Week" in Baoji Bronze Museum.

Feudal system is "enfeoffment system". The royal family was enfeoffed by land and power, and the relationship between the monarch and ministers was patriarchal, so that Zhou Shi could control the local prince. Prehistoric period was the embryonic form, formed in Shang Dynasty, and gradually became complete and typical in Western Zhou Dynasty. It declined during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period and was gradually replaced by the county system.

Zhou Wang is the son of heaven, directly under the jurisdiction of Zhou Wang, and also the * * * Lord of the vassal states and foreign countries in the Central Plains. Zhouwangji is a land of thousands of miles developed by Haojing in Zhou Zong (now Chang 'an in Shaanxi) and Luoyi in Chengzhou (now Luoyang in Henan). These two cities are the political and transportation centers of Xitu and Dongtu respectively.

The areas outside Wang Ji were divided into imperial clan vassal states, heroes and descendants of past dynasties, or joined Fang Guo. The princes were conferred by the Zhou Emperor, governed the vassal states and paid tribute to the Zhou Emperor.

In the enfeoffment ceremony, the son of heaven "received soil", including mountains, rivers, fields and cities; On the one hand, "recipients" include immigrants appointed by the emperor and aborigines in the fief; At the same time, according to the title, reward certain vehicles, clothes and utensils, and undertake the obligations of tribute, military security and obedience.

The vassal state is hereditary, but in theory it can be recovered by the Zhou royal family. Governors can set up officials and troops in their own countries, and some governors can also serve as royal officials, such as Wei Kangshu in the early Zhou Dynasty as Scott and Zheng Huangong in the late Western Zhou Dynasty as Stuart.

Zhou Tianzi has the right to interfere in the internal affairs of princes. In some big countries, he also sent state supervisors or state guards to manage and monitor princes, which together with princes are called "princes supervise the country".

For example, the State of Qi has a stone country and a high position, and three supervisors were set up at the beginning of the week to supervise Wu Geng. However, with the intermarriage between garde nationale and vassals and the decline of imperial power in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the supervision mechanism collapsed. Doctor Qing was made a saint by the ruler and owned a fief. Doctor Qing has the autonomy of fiefdoms, but he cannot be independent of the outside world. He was an official of the Zhou Emperor and the princes.

Then he went down to earth to study and was enfeoffed by Dr. Qing to eat fields. Scholars are divided into ruling nobles and civilians, collectively referred to as China people. China people are civilians living in Guocheng (Chengdun), and they are composed of Zhou nobles, princes and merchants, Yi clans, Zhou people and merchants. Civilians need to cultivate farmland in peacetime and organize troops to fight in wartime.

The civilians outside the country are savages, that is, the local aborigines outside the country, that is, I am a sharp cone. At that time, the influence of traditional clan system was still great. China people take part in politics, but barbarians don't have this right. Off-site is a foreign country.

In this way, the rights and interests of the ruling land and subjects are divided step by step, and the subordinate relationship of "princes, ministers, doctors and officials" is established.

The enfeoffment system in the Western Zhou Dynasty was mostly from the Emperor of Zhou to the vassal, and the enfeoffment system of vassal of domestic doctors did not develop until the Spring and Autumn Period. This is because the princes were newly built, with a small population and simple state affairs. In the early Zhou Dynasty, fiefs were mainly concentrated in Wang Ji. The vassal States outside the capital rarely enfeoffed the fiefs for the Qing doctor in their own fiefs.

Second, the patriarchal clan system in the Zhou Dynasty.

This system was established in Xia dynasty, developed in Shang dynasty and completed in Zhou dynasty, which influenced the later feudal dynasty. According to the patriarchal clan system of the Zhou Dynasty, clans were divided into large and small clans. Zhou Wang claimed to be the son of heaven, calling himself the greatest Sect in the world.

Except for the eldest son, all the sons of the son of heaven were made princes. The vassal was a small clan to Tiandi, but it was a big clan in his feudal country. The prince's other sons were named Doctor Qing.

Doctor Qing was a small clan to the princes, but it was a big clan in his fief. The same is true from young doctors to scholars. Therefore, the eldest son of a noble is always the eldest son of a different rank.

Bulk not only enjoys the right to rule clan members, but also enjoys political privileges. Later, the rulers of various dynasties reformed the patriarchal clan system and gradually established a feudal patriarchal clan system composed of political power, clan, theocracy and husband power.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Zhou Dynasty

Baidu Encyclopedia-Western Zhou Dynasty

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