The background story of Zheng Chenggong

Zheng Chenggong (1624- 1662) was a national hero in Ming and Qing dynasties. Han nationality. His real name is Sen, also known as Fu Song, and his name is Yan Minhe. Damu is from Shijing Town, Nan 'an City, Fujian Province. His ancestral home is Deng da miao cun, Wang Peng Township, Gushi County, Henan Province. When he was a student, Emperor Long gave Zhu the surname and gave him loyalty and filial piety, so he was commonly known as the "national surname". When the Qing soldiers entered Fujian, their father Chilong greeted them, but he cried and remonstrated, rising up against the Qing Dynasty. After the Northern Expedition with Zhang Huangyan, it shook the southeast. In the first year of Kangxi (1662), he led tens of thousands of soldiers, set out from Xiamen, landed in Taiwan Province Province and Liaogang, defeated the Dutch colonists and recovered Taiwan Province Province.

Patriotic and anti-Qing

Emperor Longdi of Nanming once courted Zhu, who was the surname of the Ming Dynasty, and gave him the title of loyalty and filial piety, so he was commonly known as the surname Ye. At the age of 22, he served as commander-in-chief of the Imperial Camp of Emperor Qianlong of Nanming. In the third year of Qing Shunzhi (1646, the second year of Nanming Longwu), the Qing army conquered Fujian and Emperor Longwu of Tang Dynasty was killed. Encouraged by Hong Chengchou, a great scholar in the Qing Dynasty, Zheng Chenggong's father thought that the Ming Dynasty was over, and despite Zheng Chenggong's opposition, he went north to surrender to the Qing court alone. At this time, the Qing army plundered Zheng Jia, and his mother Tian committed suicide to avoid the humiliation of the Qing army. In the second year of Longwu (1647 65438+ 10), Zheng Chenggong formed an army in Liyu (Little Golden Gate), and the banner was titled "Loyalty, Filial Piety, Bo Zhao, General Zhu Chenggong, Minister of Criminal Affairs". Li Yong was renamed Nanming Li Yong in the third year (1649), and Li Yong made him the king of Yanping County, so some people called him Zheng Yanping. From 165 1 to 1652, we won three victories in Xiaoyingling and Haicheng (now Longhai) in southern Fujian and annihilated the main army stationed in Minqing. After that, Zhoushan in Zhejiang Province in the north and Jieyang in Guangdong Province in the south. In the 12th year of Shunzhi (1655), Du Ji, the general of Dingyuan in the Qing Dynasty, led about 30,000 troops into Fujian to attack Zheng Jun together with the troops stationed in Fujian ... Zheng Chenggong took advantage of the weakness that the Qing army was not good at water fighting and lured the Qing army to go to sea to fight. In April of the following year, his navy was completely annihilated in the waters near Weitou, Xiamen. During the period of 16 years after the uprising, Zheng Chenggong completely controlled the sea power of the small islands in Xiaojinmen and Xiamen (which were islands at that time and were not connected with the mainland). In order to do business with foreigners, raise funds and prepare military forces, he set up commercial positions in the mainland and collected a lot of information from the Qing army and the court. He sent troops several times and also negotiated with the Qing court to gain time to restore his strength. In the Qing Dynasty, Zheng Zhilong wrote to Zheng Chenggong many times at the request of the Qing court. The Qing emperor also wrote a letter conferring Zheng Chenggong as General Jinghai, but Zheng Chenggong refused to accept it. In the 14th year of Shunzhi (1657), Zheng Zhilong and Zheng Chenggong's private letters were intercepted by the Qing court, and they immigrated to Ningguta of Zheng Zhilong to collaborate with the enemy.

In the fifteenth year of Shunzhi (1658), Zheng Chenggong succeeded in the Northern Expedition170,000. The following year, he entered the Yangtze River, captured Zhenjiang and surrounded Nanjing. Later, due to China's plan to slow down the troops of the Qing army, he was defeated in Xiamen. In the seventeenth year, in haimen port (now Long Haidong), Fujian Province, more than 40,000 sailors led by the Qing general Dasu were completely annihilated, and the military power was revived.

Taiwan Province Province, Jin Dong

Kangxi 166 1 year ascended the throne. Prior to this, the Zheng family handed over Huang's five strategies to eliminate thieves, including moving from Shandong to Guangdong for 20 years and cutting off economic support. Destroy coastal ships, and the inch board is not allowed to enter the water; At the same time, Zheng Zhilong, the father of success, was killed at the migration site of Ningguta (one said that he was killed at the entrance of Jingcheng, the west entrance of Fu Xue Hutong in the Yuan Dynasty execution ground); Dig Zheng's ancestral grave; Resettlement of surrendered officers and soldiers, reclamation of wasteland. Due to the new strategy of the Qing government, Zheng Chenggong and his army cut off their economic sources and faced a serious financial crisis. They had to abandon the military strategy of harassing the southeast coast based on offshore islands, and instead attacked Taiwan Province Province, which had been colonized by Portuguese, Spanish, British and Dutch who had traveled across the ocean to Asia for a long time since the era of great navigation. As a new base, on March 23rd this year, Zheng Chenggong personally led 25,000 soldiers and hundreds of warships. First, the superior forces captured Chiqian City (now Tainan City), where the Dutch army was weak in defense, and then besieged the well-defended capital, Taiwan Province provincial capital (now Anping District, Tainan City). After nine months of bitter struggle, he defeated the Dutch in 1662 with the support of Han immigrants who were assisted by his father to cross the sea in his early years, and forced the colonial governor Bayi to sign the surrender, which was on 1 February 13 in the same year (1February 6621day). So they sacrificed mountains and rivers, issued a settlement order, opened the kingdom of Dongning, established the Zheng family, owned part of the land in the south and east of Taiwan Province Province, set up Chengtianfu, and changed Tainan into the "East Capital" to show the intention of the Ming emperor Li Yong to come to the east and win the loyalty of the minister of Ming adherents. Find another way to work overseas, and fight against the Qing Dynasty overseas. In April of the same year, news came that Wang Gui Zhu Youlang died in Myanmar. Although there are other Ming Dynasty royal families in Taiwan Province, Success has decided not to establish a new emperor, but to be the master of Taiwan Province Province. Zheng Chenggong established the first Han regime in Taiwan Province. However, due to the poor sanitary conditions in tropical areas at that time, Zheng Chenggong contracted an epidemic and finally fell ill. He died in May of the same year at the age of 39. Originally buried in Taiziwei, Tainan Island, 1699 moved to Nan 'an ancestral tomb. Legend has it that Zheng Jing killed him. Emperor Kangxi wrote an elegy: "Four towns and two hearts, two islands stationed, dare to fight for half of the southeast;" The king has no one inch of land and resists his ambitions, only to know that there are lonely loyalties overseas. "

1662, he defeated the Dutch colonists who occupied Taiwan Province Province for 38 years, recovered our sacred territory, and wrote the poem "Reunification of Taiwan Province": "Ten years to recover the foundation; There are still 3,000 guests in Tianheng, and it is difficult to leave. "

Zheng Chenggong's son, Zheng Jing, continued to manage Taiwan Province Province, changing its east to Dongning. According to Chen Yonghua's proposal, transplanting the central official system of the Ming Dynasty still served the dead Ming Emperor Li Yong at home, but it was not unified with Shunzhi and Kangxi dynasties in China inland, and it called itself "the country of Dongning" abroad. This was the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China and achieved remarkable management results. Later, Shi Lang's disciple Zheng Chenggong attacked the Netherlands and conquered Penghu Island, so his grandson Zheng Keshuang fell to the Qing Dynasty on 1683. In order to avoid the resistance of Taiwan Province people, Zheng was dug out of all graves in Taiwan Province by the Qing Dynasty and buried in China. 1684 In April, Taiwan Province Province (then Taiwan's government) was formally incorporated into the territory of the Qing Empire, belonging to Fujian Province, consisting of Taiwan County, Fengshan County and Zhuluo County. Generally speaking, Zheng regime only existed in Taiwan Province Province for more than twenty years. However, due to its special background, it has not only attracted the attention of historians in Taiwan Province Province, but also attracted the attention of historians in China and Japan, and put forward various interesting views.

Protect overseas Chinese

From 1647 to 65438+ 10, Zheng Chenggong helped the Ming people to cross the sea and settle in Taiwan Province and Southeast Asia many times during his mission to southeast Chinese mainland. During the anti-Qing period, Zheng Chenggong made great efforts to develop overseas trade in order to prepare for military pay. At that time, the Dutch often robbed Zheng He's overseas Chinese merchant ships. Water forces were sent to attack the Dutch fleet many times, and the Dutch were warned twice from 1656 to 1660 that Zheng would not trade with the Netherlands unless the Dutch stopped robbing China merchant ships. In addition, Zheng Chenggong asked China businessmen to accept the token of "Fu Zheng" and the banner of "Developing the Country" to help protect the safety of China people doing business overseas. At that time, many overseas Chinese businessmen did adopt this law and were able to go to sea safely for business.

Repeated attempts to occupy the Philippines

1565, Spain colonized the Philippines, and the name of the Philippines came from the name of King Philip II of Spain. 1603 and 1639, Spanish colonists massacred overseas Chinese and Chinese businessmen in the Philippines for the second time, with more than 50,000 deaths.

After learning about the situation of overseas Chinese in the Philippines, 1657, Zheng Chenggong wrote to an overseas Chinese in Batavia, Java, asking him to stop trading with Spanish colonists in the Philippines. Zheng Chenggong has repeatedly expressed his concern for overseas Chinese in the Philippines and proposed to lead the army to attack the Philippines to punish the Spanish.

1662, after Zheng Chenggong captured Taiwan Province Province, he sent envoys to the Philippines to submit credentials to the Spanish governor, condemning his crimes of killing and plundering overseas Chinese, and ordered him to turn over a new leaf and bow to his knees. However, the Spanish actually slaughtered overseas Chinese for the third time in Manila.

Zheng Chenggong was furious after hearing the news and decided to send troops to conquer overseas Chinese and avenge them. On the one hand, he provided pensions and resettlement to overseas Chinese who fled from the Philippines to Taiwan Province Province. On the other hand, he organized military preparations and sent people to secretly contact overseas Chinese in the Philippines so that they could stay at home, but he did not send troops. He flew into a rage when he learned that his son Zheng Jing had committed adultery with wet nurse Chen in Xiamen. He ordered Zheng Tai to kill Zheng Jing. Zheng Tai disobeyed orders, because he couldn't stand it, fell ill with malaria and died on June 23rd. 1662.

Later, in 1670 and 167 1, Zheng Jing prepared to send a fleet to conquer Manila twice, but in the end, it did not send troops.