Influencing factors of Taizhou dialect

As we know, Mandarin is the same language of the Han nationality, and its predecessor is the so-called Mandarin. With its political, economic and cultural advantages, Putonghua has gradually spread. Dialect, in contact with it, has to accept its influence and gradually change its face. It is the same trend that Chinese dialects are concentrated in Putonghua, and Taizhou dialect is one of them.

In the summer of 196 1, I asked some old gentlemen in Taizhou when some written phonetic symbols of Taizhou dialect came into being. Mr. Chen Mianfu, who is over 80 years old, said that he did not take the exam. These phonetic symbols are called "official sounds", which were handed down by his husband when he was a child. A Dongtai person said that in Dongtai, there was a so-called "Beijing Pavilion" in the old private school, which was mostly taught by famous intellectuals. Most of the sounds they taught were written phonetic symbols mentioned in this article. It can be seen that most of the written sounds are "official sounds" brought in by local advanced intellectuals. The official voice is also the voice of the official language. Therefore, only after the formation of Putonghua and the spread of its influence will all kinds of phonetic changes in Taizhou dialect occur.

Through the concrete analysis of Ningyang dialect, we emphasize that Taizhou dialect is close to Mandarin. Many sounds in Ningyang dialect are very close to Mandarin. Now let's look at the relationship between Taizhou and Yangzhou:

For a long time, they lived in an administrative district. In Qing Dynasty, there were eight counties (including scattered states) in Yangzhou: Ganquan, Jiangdu, Yizheng, Gaoyou, Yingying, Xinghua, Taizhou and Dongtai. Ningyang dialect is spoken in the first five counties, and Taizhou dialect is easily influenced by Ningyang dialect because of the interaction between intellectuals and civilians in these counties. Among the Yangba genera, Taizhou is the cultural center second only to Yangzhou, and many literati in ancient Jianghuai often met here. In the imperial examination era, the government examination was held in Yangzhou, but the university examination was held in Taizhou. Scholars from all walks of life came here to try, and with the contact of ordinary people at that time, external influences would naturally be brought into Taizhou dialect.

The influence of Putonghua is a long-term and effective factor to promote the change of Taizhou dialect. However, the trend has been greatly enhanced in the past hundred years, and the population changes during this period should be taken into account. The origin of Taizhou's population has been described in the fourth episode of Naian Zhu Cong by Mr. Xia Shaohou (1930). This manuscript is accompanied by the article "The Origin of Taiyi Clan", which has five sources:

1, Mingzu ordered the transfer from Wutai;

2. In order to avoid confusion;

3. Join the army;

4. Be an official;

5. Doing business;

The term 1 refers to the fact that at the end of Yuan Dynasty, Zhang Shicheng defended Taizhou, Zhu Yuanzhang attacked it, flooded Taizhou, and countless people died. Later, Zhu Yuanzhang actually moved to Suzhou County. What influence these Suzhou immigrants have on Taizhou dialect remains to be studied. I won't discuss it here for the time being. Notable are 2 and 5.

/kloc-in the middle of 0/9th century, Taiping Army was in Yangzhou. At that time, a large number of officials from Nanjing and Yangzhou, their families and servants fled to Taizhou. More importantly, at this time, a large number of Anhui people, Jiangnan people and Zhenyang people moved in, among which Huizhou people and Zhenjiang people were the most. They often stay and don't come back, and their children and grandchildren will have no families. Zhenjiang people naturally speak Ningyang dialect, and Huizhou dialect is complicated and difficult to understand, so Huizhou people must speak accurate Mandarin to deal with local people. Although their descendants all speak Taizhou dialect, these foreign dialects have also influenced the dialects of the victorious countries, that is, the "official voice" in Taizhou dialect has been consolidated.

Most people who come to Thailand to do business are from Anhui and Zhenjiang. There are Hong and Hu surnames who live in Thailand in southern Anhui, Lu and wang xing who run salt industry, Jiang who runs cloth industry and Yao who runs incense industry. Zhenjiang people run the southern goods industry, and Fujian people run the dry tobacco industry. In Taizhou, Anhui people have Xin 'an Guild Hall and Jingdezhen Guild Hall, Zhenjiang people have Jingjiang Guild Hall, and Fujian people have Minzhong Guild Hall. In addition, people in Fenyang, Shanxi sell Fenjiu, while people in Shaanxi open fur shops. Until liberation, there were two commercial gangs in Taizhou: Huizhou Gang and JiangGang. This shows the influence of Huizhou people and Zhenjiang people in Taizhou.

After the late Qing Dynasty, China's capitalist economy came into being and developed. Taizhou, located at the end of Lixia River, is a commercial hub and cargo distribution center in the middle of Jiangsu Province, and has very close ties with counties in the middle of Jiangsu Province. It has increasingly close ties with Yangzhou, Zhenjiang and Nanjing in the west and major cities in Wuyu District in the south. Many people in Taizhou go out to study, and many foreigners come to Taizhou or move into Taizhou. In this way, dialects are close to each other, which accelerates the process of integration of language.

After the Republic of China, wars in northern Jiangsu continued, and Taizhou did not suffer a military disaster. As a result, the business is abnormal and prosperous, the population is soaring, and more and more foreign people move in. After 1927, many people from Yancheng, Funing and Huaiyin came to Thailand. During the Anti-Japanese War, a large number of people moved into Jiangyin, Dantu and Wuxi in the south, Xuzhou, Huaiyin, Yancheng and Funing in the north and nearby counties and towns. After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Hai 'an and Jiangyan moved in in large quantities. Many people in Taizhou are not native to Taizhou. This has a certain influence on the pronunciation of Taizhou dialect, which shakes the stability of the phonetic system and causes the phenomenon of divergence and swing, but the mainstream has accelerated the process of Taizhou dialect concentrating on Putonghua.