Who should be called "Old Beijing"?

Is the old Beijing mentioned in this article not only the same as the ape-man and half-man in the first half of 500 thousand years ago? Beijingers? It has nothing to do with the surnames of Han, Zhao, Ma and Liu in Beijing during the Liao and Jin Dynasties. Even the immigrants from Datong, Shanxi Province in the early Ming Dynasty felt that the times were too far away. In recent years, folk customs have been highly valued, and most of these folk customs and dialects were formed after the middle of the Qing Dynasty. In the past hundred years, the time is closer now. So this article only talks about some characteristics of the birthplace of modern old Beijing.

By the way, the old Beijing here refers to people who moved out of Daxing and Wanping counties or lived near Beijing, while people from other counties in Shuntianfu or Jingzhao, as well as people in the outer suburbs of Beijing today, are not in this range.

When it comes to old Beijing, it's easy to think of Beijing's flag bearer. Flag-bearer is short for people under the banner of Eight. After the Qing dynasty entered the customs, the flag bearer lived in the inner city of Beijing according to the instructions of the Eight Banners, and then it was not so strict. The manners and customs of standard-bearers have influenced other ethnic groups in Beijing more or less. Banners are divided into imperial clan, Jueluo, Manchuria, Mongolia and Han army. The ancestral homes of Imperial Clan and Jueluomanmeng are Northeast China and Inner Mongolia. Seven or eight of the ten people in the Han flag are Han Chinese in the northeast, and the rest are from all provinces. When writing a resume, the flag bearer of the Qing Dynasty should specify in detail the garrison situation of a flag in a certain place. After the Revolution of 1911, Jingzhao was established in the former jurisdiction of Shuntianfu. At that time, in addition to the flag bearer who worked in the Puyi Courtyard of the Forbidden City, he still used the old system to write his own flag resume. In order to adapt to the environment and make a living by themselves, most of their native places have been changed to Jingzhao. At that time, the counties near Beijing were Daxing and Wanping, so the flag bearer living in Dongcheng occupied Xiaojing Daxing and the flag bearer living in Xicheng occupied Jingzhao Wanping. Banners stationed in various places are also based on the place of residence. After the Northern Expedition, Jingzhao was abandoned and placed in Hebei Province. The native place of Beijing Banner was changed from Daxing and Wanping in Jingzhao to Daxing and Wanping in Hebei. As I said before, there are people from all provinces in the flag of the Han army. So, are there any people who were originally from Beijing and later incorporated into the Han flag? The answer is yes. Ma Guangyuan, a famous soldier in the early Qing Dynasty, was a native of Shuntian Daxing, deputy governor of Ming Jianchang, and was transferred to the first viscount of the Han army. His descendants still live in Beijing. Yan Jiu Zhu Zhi Ci, written by Chen, a poet of the Han army in the early Qing Dynasty, was written by Wan Ping, also a northerner, and was later included in the flag book.

In the Qing Dynasty, many scholars from other provinces took exams in Daxing and wanping county, and all of them were very successful. In the second year after obtaining the provincial examination, they were sent by Shuntian Zheng Xue to take the examination, and after obtaining the provincial examination, they took Daxing and Wanping as their positions. There are many such cases.

In the Qing Dynasty, all ministries and local government offices in Beijing and other provinces employed a certain number of officials to handle daily affairs. These officials are employees, not appointed by the court, but they are familiar with official management. In dealing with official business, they are smart and capable, far above the mediocre bureaucrats. Most of the officials are from Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Their father died, and their son inherited them. They have become an industry with one place and one surname, living in the capital, no less than a noble family with flags. They are full of Beijing flavor, but their voices are slightly softer than those of the inner city banners, and their customs are quite different from those of the banners, and they still retain some southern provincial customs.

In the Qing Dynasty, the first-and second-class officials of the Han nationality became officials and settled in Beijing more than before, and never returned home. After several generations, their descendants are no different from Beijing natives, but their hometown is still their hometown. There are many such old Beijing.

There is also an old Beijing, which is the descendant of wealthy businessmen and gentry. For example, Wanping Tea, a salt merchant, originated from Haining, Zhejiang; Drug dealer Daxing Lloyd's, originally from Ningbo, Zhejiang; Mi Shang Daxing Zhu Shi was born in Taiyuan, Shanxi.