The original declaration of seeking American independence

The text of the American Declaration of Independence:

In the course of the development of human affairs, when a nation must be separated from another nation and stand in the world nation's forest in an independent and equal capacity according to the laws of nature and the will of God, out of respect for human public opinion, the reasons driving its independence must be announced.

We hold the following truth to be self-evident: all men are created equal, and the creator endowed them with certain inalienable rights, including the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. In order to protect these rights, people established a government among them, and the legal rights of the government were granted with the consent of the ruled. Once any form of government undermines the realization of these goals, the people have the right to replace or abolish it in order to establish a new government. The principles on which the new government is based and the way to organize its rights must make people think that only in this way can they be most likely to achieve security and happiness. To be prudent, a government that has been established for many years should not be replaced for irrelevant and temporary reasons. All past experience shows that human beings are willing to endure any hardships, as long as they can endure it, and do not want to abolish their customary forms of government for the sake of peace.

However, when a series of abuse of power and extortion that always pursue the same goal show that the government is trying to put the people under tyranny, the people have the right and obligation to overthrow such a government and provide new guarantees for its future security. This is how these colonies suffered in the past, and why they must change the government system now. The history of the Kingdom of Great Britain today is a history of repeatedly hurting and plundering these colonies, and its direct goal is to establish a dictatorship and tyranny over the states. In order to prove the truth of the above sentence, the facts are now made public and judged by a just world.

He refused to approve the laws that were most beneficial and necessary for the public interest.

He forbade his colonial governor to approve urgent and extremely important laws, or shelved them until he got his consent, and after they were shelved, he completely ignored them.

He refused to approve other laws that are convenient for people in large areas unless the people in these areas are willing to give up their representation in the legislature; Representation is extremely precious to the people, and only tyrants are afraid of it.

He called state legislators to an unusual and uncomfortable place for a meeting, far away from their files, with the aim of exhausting them and forcing them to submit.

He repeatedly dissolved the state houses of representatives because the latter firmly opposed his violation of people's rights.

After he dissolved the House of Representatives, he refused to elect another person for a long time, so this inalienable legislative power was returned.

Ordinary people exercise, so that during this period, States are still in danger of foreign invasion and internal riots.

He tried to stop the states from increasing their population. To this end, he blocked the adoption of the naturalization law for foreigners and refused to approve it.

He encouraged immigration laws and improved the conditions for allocating new land.

He refused to approve the law establishing judicial power to obstruct the implementation of justice.

He forced the judge to be under his own will in order to keep his tenure, the amount of salary and payment.

He indiscriminately set up a new government office and sent a large number of officials here to harass our people and embezzle their property.

In peacetime, he kept his standing army among us without the consent of our legislature.

He exerted influence to make the army independent of the civilian regime.

He colluded with others, put us under the jurisdiction that did not conform to our laws and regulations and was not recognized by our laws, and also approved all kinds of fake bills they concocted so that they could station a large number of armed forces among us; No matter how serious these people commit murders on the residents of our States, he can shelter them with extra trials and let them get away with it; He can cut off our trade with the rest of the world; Tax us without our consent; In many cases, we are deprived of the rights and interests of the jury system; Escort us overseas for trial on trumped-up charges; He abolished the free system of English law in a neighboring province, established an authoritarian government there, expanded his territory, and immediately became a model and a suitable tool to promote the same authoritarian rule to the colonies here; He abolished many of our charters, our most precious laws, and fundamentally changed the form of our state government; He prevented our legislature from exercising its power, claiming that they had the right to make laws for us under any circumstances.

They abandoned the government here, declared that we were no longer protected by them, and launched a war against us. He plundered our waters, ravaged our coastal areas, burned down our towns and ruined the lives of our people.

At this time, he was transporting a large number of foreign mercenaries to engage in his activities of creating death, desolation and tyranny. His cruelty and meanness can't even be compared with the most barbaric times from the beginning, and he is totally unworthy to be the head of a civilized country.

He forced our compatriots captured by them on the high seas to take up arms against their own country, making them executioners to kill their relatives and friends, or letting them die at their hands. He incited civil strife among us and tried his best to provoke the ruthless Indian Man Zi to deal with the residents of our frontier. As we all know, the fighting principle of Indians is to shoot and kill regardless of gender, age and right and wrong. At every stage of these oppression, we call for correction in the most humble language. And our wishes again and again only get hurt again and again.

Everything a monarch can do only a tyrant reveals his character, and he is not worthy of being a free people. It's not that we didn't think of our English brothers. Their legislature wants to extend unreasonable jurisdiction to us, and we often inform them of this attempt. We also told them that we immigrated and settled here. We once begged them to have a natural sense of justice and generosity, and to abandon these predatory behaviors, because these predatory behaviors will inevitably break our relations and exchanges. But they also turned a deaf ear to this call for justice and blood. Therefore, we should get rid of them and treat them like other nationalities in the world: it is the enemy who fights with us; Those who make up with me are all friends.

Therefore, we, the representatives of the United States of in the name of people, gathered at the continental congress, appealed to the highest referee in the world with the goodwill of the colonies and their authorization, explained our serious intentions, and solemnly declared:

Our unified colony is, and should be, an independent and free country based on justice; All our loyal obligations to the British royal family and all our political ties with the Kingdom of Great Britain have been severed and must be severed.

As an independent and free country, we have every right to declare war, conclude peace, form alliances, conduct trade and take all actions that an independent country has the right to take.

We firmly believe in the blessing of the gods, and swear to each other with our lives, property and sacred reputation to support this declaration.

Declaration of Independence

United States of America

About printing plate

Declaration of Independence

United States of America

John Dunlop

Philadelphia

1776

Release: 1776

In Congress, July 4th, 1776.

declaration

Representative of

United States of America,

On the whole, Congress has been convened.

When it is necessary for a nation to break the political ties that link them with another nation in the process of human activities and assume the independent and equal status given to them by the laws of nature and the God of nature in the power of the earth, decent respect for human opinions requires them to announce the reasons for their separation.

We believe that these truths are self-evident, that all men are created equal, and that the Creator has endowed them with certain inalienable rights, including the right to life, freedom and the right to pursue happiness. In order to protect these rights, people have established a government, and the legitimate power of the government comes from the consent of the ruled. Whenever any form of government destroys these goals, people have the right to change or abolish it, establish a new government, build its foundation on this principle, and organize its power in this form. In fact, prudence will determine that the long-term government should not be changed for minor and short-term reasons; Therefore, all experience shows that human beings are more inclined to suffer, and evil can be tolerated, rather than correcting themselves by abolishing their customary forms. However, when a series of abuse of power and extortion always pursue the same goal and show a plan to put them under absolute dictatorship, they have the right and obligation to overthrow such a government and provide new guarantees for their future security. This is the patience of these colonies; This is the necessity of forcing them to change their previous government system now. The history of the present king of Great Britain is a history of constant injury and usurpation, and the direct goal of all this is to establish an absolute tyranny in these States. To prove this, let the facts be submitted to a just world.

He refused to approve the laws that were most beneficial and necessary for the public interest.

He forbade his governors to pass laws of direct and urgent importance unless they suspended their operation until his consent should be obtained; When so paused, he completely ignored them.

He refused to adopt other laws to accommodate a large area of people, unless these people gave up their representation in the legislature. This right is immeasurable to them, and only tyrants are afraid.

He called the legislature in unusual places, uncomfortable and far from their public records, with the sole purpose of fatiguing them to abide by his measures.

He dissolved the House of Representatives many times because they firmly opposed his violation of people's rights.

He refused for a long time, and after such dissolution, others were elected; The indestructible legislative power has returned to the people and is exercised by them; At the same time, the country still faces the danger of foreign invasion and internal turmoil.

He tried to stop the population of these States; To this end, obstruct the naturalization law of foreigners; Refuse to pass other bills to encourage immigrants and improve the conditions for new land allocation.

He refused to approve the law establishing judicial power, which hindered the implementation of justice.

He makes judges completely dependent on his will in terms of term of office, salary and payment.

He set up many new offices and sent a large number of officials here to harass our people and eat their materials.

In peacetime, he kept a standing army among us without the consent of our legislature.

He tried to make the army independent of and above the civilian regime.

He joined forces with others to put us under a jurisdiction that has nothing to do with our constitution and is not recognized by our laws; Allow them to pretend to legislate:

A large number of armed forces are stationed among us;

To protect them from any murder through mock trials, they should treat the residents of these countries:

Cut off our trade with the rest of the world;

Tax us without our consent;

In many cases, we are deprived of the benefits of jury trial:

Send us overseas to be tried on fake charges;

Abolish the free system of British law in neighboring provinces, establish an arbitrary government there, and expand its borders, so that it can immediately become an example and a suitable tool to introduce the same absolute rule to these colonies:

Cancel our charter, abolish our most valuable laws, and fundamentally change the form of our government:

Suspend our own legislature and declare that they have the right to legislate for us under any circumstances.

He abandoned the government here, declared that we were not protected by him, and launched a war against us.

He plundered our oceans, ravaged our coasts, burned down our towns and destroyed the lives of our people.

At this moment, he is transporting a large number of foreign mercenaries to complete the activities of death, desolation and tyranny. This activity has already begun, and its cruelty and treachery are rare in the most barbaric times. He is totally unworthy to be the head of a civilized country.

He forced our compatriots captured on the high seas to take up arms against their country, become executioners of their friends and brothers, or die at their hands.

He incited domestic rebellion among us, and tried his best to provoke the residents of our frontier, the ruthless Indian barbarians. Their rules of war were to kill them regardless of age, sex and conditions.

At every stage of these oppression, we ask for compensation in the most humble way: our repeated requests are only met with repeated injuries. A monarch, if his character is branded by every behavior that can be defined as a tyrant, is not suitable to be the ruler of a free nation.

We are not lacking in care for our English brothers. We warn them from time to time that their legislature is trying to extend the jurisdiction of unw to us. We have reminded them of our immigration and settlement here. We call on them to be born just and magnanimous, and we call them to deny these encroachments with our common blood relationship, which will inevitably interrupt our contact and communication. They also turned a deaf ear to the voice of justice and blood. Therefore, we must tacitly condemn the necessity of our separation and treat them as enemies in war and friends in peace, just like other human beings.

Therefore, we, the representatives of the United States of in the name of people, gathered together at the plenary meeting to ask the world's highest judge for the fairness of our intentions, and solemnly published and announced that these unified colonies are, and have the right to be, free and independent countries with the kindness and authority of these colonies; They have been exempted from all loyalty to the British royal family, and all political ties between them and the British countries have been and should be completely lifted; As free and independent countries, they have full power to wage war, conclude peace, conclude alliances, establish commerce, and do all other acts and things that an independent country may do. In order to support this declaration, we firmly believe that God will bless us, and we swear to each other with our lives, property and sacred honor.

Sign orders on behalf of congress,

John hancock, President.

Prove

Charles Thomson, secretary.

Philadelphia: Printed by John Dunlop.

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