How many dialect areas are there in China now?

The eight major language families in China are Northern Dialect, Wu Dialect, Xiang Dialect, Gan Dialect, Hakka Dialect, Minnan Dialect, Fujian Oriental Dialect and Cantonese.

1, northern dialect

Represented by Beijing dialect, it includes the areas along the Yangtze River north of Zhenjiang and below Jiujiang, the northwest of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei and Hunan provinces, and the western and northern regions of Guangxi. Users account for more than 70% of the total number of Han people.

2. Wu dialect

Represented by Suzhou dialect and Shanghai dialect, it mainly includes Jiangnan area of Jiangsu Province, eastern Zhenjiang (excluding Zhenjiang) and Jingjiang (except Xinqiao and Dongxing in the southwest corner), Nantong (the county seat and surrounding villages of Jingsha), Haimen (12 township in the north of Changbao), Qidong, most of Zhejiang and Shanghai. The user population accounts for about 8.4% of the total population of Han nationality.

3. Hunan dialect

Represented by Changsha dialect. Distributed in most areas of Hunan Province. The users account for about 5% of the total number of Han people.

4. Gan dialect

Gan dialect is represented by Nanchang dialect. Mainly distributed in Jiangxi Province (except the eastern and southern Yangtze River) and the southeastern part of Hubei Province. The user population accounts for about 2.4% of the total population of Han nationality.

5. Hakka dialect

Hakka dialect is represented by Meizhou dialect with Meicheng accent in Meizhou City (Meijiang District and Meixian District). Mainly distributed in eastern, southern and northern Guangdong Province, southeastern Guangxi Province, western Fujian Province, southern Jiangxi Province, and a few areas in Hunan and Sichuan. The user population accounts for about 4% of the total population of Han nationality.

6. Mindong dialect

Fujian Oriental Dialect, represented by Fuzhou Dialect, is distributed in northern Fujian and a part of Taiwan Province Province, passing through Shiqian, Fuzhou, Ningde and Nanping in eastern Fujian, Youxi County in Sanming and Mazu Islands in Taiwan Province Province. The user population accounts for about 1.2% of the total population of Han nationality.

7. Minnan dialect

Minnan dialect is represented by Xiamen dialect. It is distributed in southern Fujian Province, eastern Guangdong Province, parts of Hainan Island and most parts of Taiwan Province Province. Many overseas Chinese in Nanyang also speak Minnan dialect. The user population accounts for about 3% of the total population of Han nationality.

8. Cantonese

Cantonese is represented by Cantonese. Distributed in most areas of Guangdong Province and southeast of Guangxi Province. Most overseas Chinese in Nanyang and other countries speak Cantonese dialect. The users account for about 5% of the total number of Han people.

Extended data

According to the Mandarin dialect, China language family can also be divided into eight language families:

According to its linguistic features, Mandarin dialects can generally be divided into eight small dialects: northeastern mandarin, BeijingMandarin, Jilu Mandarin, Jiaoliao Mandarin, Zhongyuan Mandarin, Lanyin Mandarin, Southwest Mandarin and Jianghuai Mandarin.

1, northeastern mandarin

Northeastern mandarin is a branch of Mandarin Chinese, which is distributed in most areas of Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province and Liaoning Province, the east of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and the northeast of Hebei Province. 170 city and county flags with a population of about1.200 million. Citrus in Northeast China can be divided into Ji Shen slices, Haval slices and black pine slices, and each slice can be divided into several small pieces.

2. Beijing Mandarin

Beijing Mandarin is a branch of Mandarin. Although there is the word "Beijing" in the name, it is not a Beijing dialect. More precisely, Beijing Mandarin is the Rehe dialect, which is mainly distributed in Beijing, Chengde, Langfang, Zhuozhou, Chifeng, Chaoyang, lingyuan city and Jianchang County of Liaoning Province. It can be divided into three films: Shi Jing film, Huaicheng film and Chaofeng film.

User population is about150,000. Three tones and four tones, the ancient tone is flat and flat, which is relatively unified. Among them, Luanping County, Hebei Province, which belongs to Beijing Mandarin area, is the national standard voice collection place.

3. Jilu Mandarin

Jilu Mandarin is a branch of Chinese Mandarin dialect, which is distributed in most of Hebei Province, most of Shandong Province, Pinggu District of Beijing, Guangling County of Shanxi Province and Ningcheng County of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, with a population of about 90 million. It can be roughly divided into three films: Century Film, Tang Bao Film and Canghui Film. Can be subdivided into more than a dozen small pieces.

The main feature of Hebei, Shandong and Henan Mandarin areas is that most of them have four tones: flat tone, rising tone, rising tone and falling tone. The initial consonants of Gu Ping's three tones and the voiced consonants of the ancient entering tone have the same evolution everywhere. In other words, the consonant of Gu Pingyin is read as a flat tone today, and the consonant of voiced sound is read as a flat tone today; In ancient times, consonants had unvoiced consonants, and consonants had secondary unvoiced consonants, which were pronounced in today's pronunciation; Ancient voiced initials and ancient disyllabic words are now disyllabic; In ancient times, the initial consonants with sub-voiced consonants were silent, while the initial consonants with full voiced consonants were raised.

4. Jiaoliao Mandarin

Jiaoliao Mandarin is a dialect of Mandarin Chinese, which is mainly distributed in Jiaodong Peninsula of Shandong Province, Liaodong Peninsula of Liaoning Province and the lower reaches of Yalu River. Jiaoliao Mandarin is divided into Lian Deng dialect, Qingzhou dialect and Gaihuan dialect.

Jiaoliao Mandarin was brought to Jiaodong by immigrants from Sichuan and Guizhou in the late Ming Dynasty, and Liaodong dialect was brought to Liaodong from Jiaodong. In some areas, such as Heilongjiang Province, there were some dialect islands of Jiaoliao Mandarin in history, but they gradually disappeared into the "Wang Yang Sea" of surrounding dialects.

5. Central Plains Mandarin

Central Plains Mandarin is mainly distributed in most parts of Henan, southwestern Shandong, northwestern Anhui, southwestern Shanxi, Guanzhong of Shaanxi, eastern Gansu, eastern Qinghai and southern Tianshan of Xinjiang. * * * In 390 counties and cities, the population of Central Plains Mandarin is second only to that of Southwest Mandarin. Zhongyuan Mandarin is divided into 13 pieces: Yanhe, Xuhuai, Ryan, Luo Song, Lu Nan, Luo Xiang, Fu Shang, Xinbang, Fenhe, Guanzhong, Qin Long, Longzhong and Nanjiang.

There is a big gap between the typical Central Plains Mandarin and Mandarin in initials, finals and characters, and the sharp sounds are strictly distinguished. Today, Yin Ping reads the ancient initial consonants, and today Yangping reads the ancient full-voiced initial consonants, which is the standard for dividing the Mandarin areas in the Central Plains.

6. Blue Mandarin

Lanyin Mandarin is a branch of Mandarin, which is distributed in Gansu Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, northern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and western Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, covering 56 counties and cities. It can be divided into four parts: Jincheng Film, Yin Wu Film, Hexi Film and Northern Xinjiang Film.

In Lanyin Mandarin, the consonants of voiced consonants and sub-voiced consonants are not voiced now, but the consonants of voiced consonants are all raised. Among them, Yongdeng, Gaolan, Gulang and Tianzhu are not divided into yin and yang, but only three tones: flat tone, rising tone and falling tone. In other places, the rising tone and falling tone are the same, with only three tones: flat tone, rising tone and falling tone.

7. Southwest Mandarin

Southwest Mandarin is popular in parts of Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in southwest China, as well as in western Hunan, most of Hubei and southwestern Shaanxi. It is the main language of Myanmar abroad, and it is also the language used by some Han people in Laos and Vietnam.

Southwest Mandarin is divided into Sichuan and Guizhou, West Shu, West Sichuan, Yunnan, Huguang and Guiliu. Southwest Mandarin has an official position in the First Special Zone (Kokang) of Shan State, Myanmar, and it is one of only three branches of Chinese with official status. In addition, the military dialect in the southeast is sometimes considered as a branch of the southwest mandarin.

8. Jianghuai Mandarin

Jianghuai Mandarin, formerly known as Southern Mandarin and Xiajiang Mandarin; Also known as Huai dialect, Jiangbei dialect and Xiajiang dialect. Now it is classified as a branch of Mandarin Chinese.

As the standard language of China, Mandarin has been divided into two branches since the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The northern part is represented by Luoyang sound of Central Plains Mandarin, and the southern part is represented by Nanjing sound of Jianghuai Mandarin. However, it was not until the middle of Qing Dynasty that the Northern Mandarin based on the Northern Dialect gradually replaced the Nanjing Mandarin of Jianghuai Mandarin as the official standard language of China.

Jianghuai Mandarin is distributed in central Jiangsu and Anhui, parts of Hubei, southern Henan and parts of northwestern Jiangxi, with a population of about 70 million, mainly distributed in Jianghuai area of Jiangsu and Anhui.

Jianghuai Mandarin is divided into Tongtai film, Hong Chao film and Huangxiao film from east to west, among which Hong Chao film accounts for the vast majority. Nanjing dialect was once the representative pronunciation of Jianghuai Mandarin and an ancient Chinese dialect.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Eight Chinese Dialects

Baidu encyclopedia-Chinese dialect