Cross-border marriage has the risk of returning to poverty.

Language and culture barriers, limited employment opportunities.

1. Language and cultural barriers: Cross-border marriages often involve spouses from different countries or regions. Differences in language and culture will lead to difficulties in communication and mutual understanding, thus affecting spouses to find stable employment opportunities in suitable jobs.

2. Limited employment opportunities: Identity and visa issues limit the employment opportunities of immigrant spouses in new countries or regions, resulting in low-income, unstable or low-skilled jobs, making it difficult to achieve economic stability and development.