From the rule of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty, can we see the reasons for the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty?

In August of the 9th year of Wude (626), Emperor Taizong of Li Yuanchuan was located in Prince Li Shimin. Li Shimin began to establish a prosperous period belonging to the Tang Dynasty, and changed its name in 627. Zhenguan? . The title of Zhenguan was used until 649, and it took more than 23 years.

The way of heaven and earth is also. ? "Is it easy? Under the copula

Are you online? Anren Ningguo? Under the general plan of governing the country, the ruling group in the early Tang Dynasty headed by Li Shimin made a series of adjustments:

Economically, the land equalization system and rent adjustment system are implemented to reduce the burden on the people; Politically, banish cruel officials, be open-minded in coachable, and choose talents and appoint people; Culturally, Guangxing School and Chinese-foreign exchanges; In terms of law, temper justice with mercy, enforce the law fairly, be cautious in punishment, and be compassionate in prison. The atmosphere of diligence, honesty and self-discipline based on the Sui Dynasty eased social contradictions, achieved economic prosperity and great development of political culture, and formed a historic prosperity. Zhenguan rule? .

So why don't we go and see Shi Jun today? Zhenguan rule? The glorious course of.

First, social population culture.

1,? Israeli characters?

If you want to be a king, you must save the people first. If we hurt people and serve them, we will still cut off our stocks and eat them to death. ? "Zhenguan politician? Jundao

The monarch, the boat also; People, water also. Water can carry a boat and overturn it? "Zhenguan politician? Political power "

From the peasant war, Emperor Taizong realized the greatness of the people's power and the reasons for the demise of the Sui Dynasty, and attached great importance to the lives of ordinary people. At the beginning of Emperor Taizong's accession to the throne, he ordered the people to recuperate. Emperor Taizong cherished the people's strength and never collected corvees easily. He suffered from Qi disease and was not suitable to live in a damp old palace, but he lived in the old palace of the Sui Dynasty for a long time.

He also ordered the merger of states and counties and the abolition of them? Less people and more officials? There are advantages and disadvantages, which is conducive to reducing the burden on the people. The Tang dynasty had a very clear guiding ideology to promote economic, political and cultural construction? People-oriented. Does this represent the Zhenguan period in Tang Dynasty? People-oriented? Thought is comprehensive and mature. What else? I depend on the country and the country depends on the people. Carve people as kings and cut meat to fill their stomachs. When the stomach is full and the body is finished, the king will be rich and the country will die. The trouble of old friends comes not from the outside world, but often from the outside world. If a husband wants to be prosperous, he will spend money indiscriminately, and if he spends money indiscriminately, the people will be lost, and the people will be in danger. ? It is precisely because of Emperor Taizong's emphasis on people-oriented thought that he carried it out throughout his life, thus ensuring social stability and winning the heartfelt support and support of the people all over the world.

2. The people are rich and the country is strong

There are not enough people. Who is better than you? "Zhenguan politician? Debate on rise and fall

At the beginning of Zhenguan, the Tang Dynasty had just been liberated from war. At that time, the internal economy was depressed, and there were Turkish harassment outside, and everything was in ruins. Ministers and people hold a wait-and-see attitude towards Zhenguan Dynasty. In this regard, Emperor Taizong knows very well that only when the people are rich and the country is strong and the people benefit can we unite people's hearts and society.

(1) Change the national strategy from the macro level. In order to recuperate and make wealth for the people, Emperor Taizong suppressed Wu Xingwen, respected Confucianism and followed the concept of governing the country. Takeji? Change to? Sandwiches? It has achieved a comprehensive transformation of the country's strategic development.

(2) From the micro level, adjust specific policies. In terms of economic development policy, he began to gradually reduce farmers' land rent and taxes as soon as he ascended the throne, and strengthened the land equalization system already implemented in Tang Gaozu, striving to realize land to the tiller.

There are two sentences describing the period of Yao, Shun and Yu. Don't answer the road, don't close the door at night? It shows that the social order was harmonious and the people lived and worked in peace and contentment. Later, Emperor Taizong's rule over Zhenguan was also called? Don't answer the road, don't close the door at night? .

Second, the political civilization system.

1, three provinces and six departments

The official system of the Tang Dynasty, although its rank of fame and land increased or decreased with time, generally followed the Sui Dynasty. ? New Tang book? Baiguanzhi

The official system in the early Tang Dynasty was that of the Sui Dynasty, but it was organized by the central government of China feudal society? Three provinces and six departments? However, the decentralization of the three provinces in Zhenguan initially embodies the modern political feature-the principle of separation of powers.

Zhongshu Province issued an order, Xiamen Province reviewed the order, and Shangshu Province executed the order. The formation of the decree, first of all, the prime minister held a meeting in the government affairs hall in Zhongshu Province, and then reported the resolution to the emperor for approval, and then Zhongshu Province issued an imperial decree in the name of the emperor. Before the imperial edict is issued, it must be reported to the Ministry of Education for review. If the Ministry of Education thinks it is inappropriate, it can refuse? Sign? .

If the imperial edict lacks countersignature, it cannot be promulgated according to law. Only the door province? Sign? After the imperial edict became the official law of the country, it was handed over to Shangshu Province for execution (Wei Zhi, a wise minister at that time, served in the province under the door). Besides, Li Shimin stipulated that his letters must also be placed by the door? Sign? Before the entry into force, this is also? Zhenguan rule? The optimal policy also influenced the whole Tang Dynasty for 300 years.

What does Shi Jun think? Three provinces and six departments? Let Emperor Taizong and his ministers discuss calmly how to avoid repeating the same mistakes. This is an institutional innovation, that is, the reconsideration system. In this process of reconsideration, Emperor Taizong valued the rationality of the system, and he could not make a hasty decision on his own temporary judgment. So in my opinion, the system of three provinces and six departments has improved the administrative efficiency of Li Shimin.

2. Choose talents and appoint talents.

Emperor Taizong insisted on appointing people on merit, and did not give up talents because of blood, region or even political enemies. Therefore, we can collect many talents from all walks of life and attach importance to the appointment and inspection of local officials. He can talk to the audience and pay attention to what can be coached. His officials dared to remonstrate directly, which formed a good political atmosphere in feudal society. Emperor Taizong attached great importance to the selection of talents and strictly followed the principle of having both ability and political integrity. He believes that only by selecting a large number of people with real talents and learning can the world be ruled. Therefore, he was thirsty for talents, and issued five imperial edicts for seeking talents, and increased the subjects of imperial examinations, expanding the scope and number of candidates, so as to expose more talents.

3, light punishment doctrine.

Before the ceremony was banned, the criminal system existed, allowing people to live their own lives, and saints used it as a last resort. ? On the Laws of Tang Dynasty

Emperor Taizong said? The national law is not the emperor's law, but the law that all people in the world must abide by, so everything must obey the law. ?

During the Zhenguan period, the prince really broke the law and shared the crime with the people. When enforcing the law, he was impartial, but when sentencing, Taizong thought twice and was cautious. He said:? People can't be resurrected after death, and law enforcement must be combined with leniency and severity. ? While attaching importance to the rule of law, Emperor Taizong asked his officials to amend the law according to the principle of combining leniency with severity, and formulated the Law of Zhenguan.

The punishment was reduced, the law was revised and the chastity law was enacted. At that time, China's political civilization, officials performed their duties, people lived and worked in peace and contentment, and there were few unfair phenomena, and there were not many grievances in the hearts of Chinese people. People who have plenty of food and clothing will not take risks to survive; People with a peaceful mind are not easy to go to extremes, so the probability of committing a crime is very small.

Shi Jun thinks that, in terms of law, it is much better than the later Wu Zhou. Without political pressure, officials and people can express their true thoughts, thus making the state machine run more smoothly. ? The people are the most important, the country is the second, and the monarch is the light. ? This is the most basic principle of governing the country.

Third, social and economic construction.

1, developed agriculture

Agriculture is dominated by thin taxes and frugality. Emperor Taizong practiced the system of land equalization and tenancy adjustment, and paid attention to the frivolous tax collection, but the corvee collection failed to seize the people's time; At the same time, Emperor Taizong advocated frugality, dismissed more than 3,000 ladies-in-waiting, and ordered the removal of treasures from all directions, which enabled agriculture and people's livelihood to develop continuously.

2. Handicraft industry is developed

Textile industry: There are many kinds of silk and linen fabrics, including twill and brocade.

Metallurgical industry: cutting, polishing, welding and other processes are widely used.

Ceramic industry: build Tang Sancai, Yao Xing White Porcelain, Yue Kiln Celadon and Secret Porcelain.

Paper industry: Yizhou and Xuanzhou are the most famous papers, as well as block printing technology.

Shipbuilding: Making warships with propellers is the earliest ship prototype using mechanical power, isn't it? Sea overlord? It is said that Hongzhou alone can build 500 seagoing ships.

Agriculture and handicrafts were industries on which the ancient people depended, feudal society? Emphasis on agriculture and suppression of business? Although the Tang dynasty was more open than other dynasties, it still could not completely get rid of the discrimination against businessmen. At this time, if we vigorously develop agriculture and handicrafts, the people's living standards will naturally improve and the population will increase.

At the beginning of Zhenguan, the number of households was less than 3 million. New Tang book? Chronicle of forty-one years

According to the calculation in Administrative Regions and Population in Early Tang Dynasty, there were about 3,003,202 households in Zhenguan period, 123 1 1698. There are 4 people in each household on average.

3. Business prosperity

The commercial economy of Zhenguan Dynasty achieved rapid and considerable development, and new commercial cities sprang up like mushrooms after rain. World civilization? The Silk Road? It is a link between eastern and western material civilizations, but this commercial passage reached the highest use value in the Tang Dynasty. There are endless business trips on the Silk Road, and all kinds of commodities are passed between the East and the West, making the Silk Road a golden corridor for the whole world.

Fourth, the military aspect.

Emperor Taizong was only 27 when he ascended the throne. Under the rule of Emperor Taizong, the martial arts of Wenzhi have been developed, creating a famous rule in the history of China. During the reign of Emperor Taizong, his martial arts were very developed, and he developed the Tang Dynasty into the most powerful and culturally prosperous country in East Asia at that time.

Emperor Taizong vigorously promoted the system of government soldiers, and government soldiers and their families were exempt from taxes. They usually work at home without pay, and go to the government for training in their spare time. The number of Guanzhong government accounts for one-third of the country, in order to highlight centralization and strengthen weak branches. Government soldiers serve for about 30 days a year. When serving, they bring their own light weapons and food, and then go to the service place. Ten people in each team bring their own six horses, civilian tools and cookers.

When going to war, the government soldiers assembled and the central government sent generals to command. After the war, government soldiers returned to their folding houses, and commanders returned to the central government to prevent the generals from being specialized. In addition, Emperor Taizong was able to maintain the customs of foreign countries and set up a capital protection system, which convinced him that he was respected by all ethnic groups around him at the last moment of his life. Khan? And build? Khan said to heaven? To pay tribute to Don's room. Emperor Taizong became an international ally of the eastern world, and the country was able to step into the world of well-being.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) diplomatic aspect

During the reign of Emperor Taizong, he strengthened his jurisdiction over the western regions and other places, and also strengthened friendly exchanges with Asian countries.

The Tang Empire was the most civilized and powerful country in the world at that time, and Chang 'an, the capital, was a cosmopolitan metropolis. Zhenguan Dynasty is a rare open dynasty in the history of China, and there are no strict restrictions on the entry of foreigners and the exit of China people. Foreigners in China enjoy the same civil rights as people in China, just like people in China are at home. They can not only make a fortune, but also be an official in politics.

Many expatriates from Central Asia and East Asia hold official positions in China, and some also hold senior ministerial positions. In addition to accepting a large number of foreign immigrants, the Tang Empire also received a batch of foreign students to study advanced culture in China. After returning to China, these Japanese students carried out the first modernization movement in Japan. Big change and new change? That is, the China Movement, from laws and regulations to dress customs, imitated the Zhenguan dynasty at that time, and made the Japanese nation in the primitive tribal state leap forward 1000 years.

International status of intransitive verbs

The Tang Dynasty promoted the cultural progress of China and the contact between China and foreign countries, which was epoch-making and unprecedented. ? Naturally, fans in the northwest demanded the title of "Tiankhan", so they ordered their princes to write their books and call them two. ? Old Tang book? Volume three? The third in this subject? Tang Taizong Xia

In the Zhenguan era, China gained a very high international status. What was the name of the emperor in the Tang Dynasty? Khan? It began in the Zhenguan era and was seized by Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty. In an international field centered on the Tang Dynasty, the emperor of China was honored as Tiankhan.

Under the leadership of Emperor Taizong and his ministers, China won a high international status. International status is very important, because as long as there are international relations, competition and opposition between countries will inevitably not happen, both at home and abroad. During the Tang Dynasty, China's international status was very high. Within the influence of China, China's status was the highest.

Li Shimin the Great is one of the most outstanding wise monarchs in China. He managed his empire diligently and cautiously with his high wisdom, and soon created the second golden age for China, which lasted for 130 years. ? Outline of China People's History

Li Shimin has carried out reform and innovation in all aspects, knowing that if a country wants to have a lasting national status, the most basic thing is to meet the people's needs. After ensuring the people's daily needs, it also has the ability to ensure that its territory will not be invaded by other countries, which requires a strong military force as the backing. On this basis, the effect of conducting diplomatic activities will be better.

From ancient times to the present, as long as the relationship between the people, the country and the rulers can reach such a balance, the prosperity of the country and the people will be born. On the other hand, if the ruling class ignores the people's lives and the fundamental interests of the country, it will be like the Wei and Jin Dynasties.