Which listed companies are involved in the announcement of the Nobel Prize list?

During the National Day holiday, the Nobel Prize in 20 18 was announced, among which the prize in physiology and medicine was awarded to American scientist James P. Allison in Tasuku Honjo, Japan. The reason given by the jury is: the contribution of negative immune regulation in cancer treatment.

What is PD- 1 inhibitor?

Tasuku Honjo is an award-winning Japanese scientist. He is famous for his research on PD- 1 and activation-induced cytidine deoxyase.

PD- 1 inhibitors, including PD- 1 antibody and PD-L 1 antibody, are a new class of immunotherapy drugs. The main mechanism of action is to block the interaction between PD- 1 and PD-L 1, because the interaction between these two proteins will help malignant tumors escape the pursuit of the immune system, which is a typical "golden cicada". PD- 1/PD-L 1 antibody can promote the patient's own immune system to kill tumor by blocking this "deceptive disguise".

Simply put, in order to escape human immunity, tumor cells produce a kind of protein called "PD-L 1" on their own surface, which is equivalent to a fake "good citizen card". When this protein binds to PD- 1 protein on the surface of immune cells, it will make the human immune system have the illusion of "this is a good citizen", thus allowing tumor cells to multiply at will.

By using PD- 1PD-L 1 inhibitor, the "good citizen card" of tumor cells is invalidated (as shown above). In this way, tumor cells will be decisively seen through by immune cells and continue to be surrounded, so as to achieve remission or even cure.

However, it should be pointed out that PD- 1/PD-L 1 inhibitors face many problems in clinic, such as long treatment cycle and high cost of imported drugs (the treatment cost in the United States is about 15 US dollars/year, equivalent to nearly RMB 1 10,000 yuan). At present, it costs about 500,000 RMB per year in China. Even if it is expensive, the key is whether it is effective for every patient. For most solid tumors, the effective rate of PD- 1 antibody is about 10%-50%.

Which listed companies are involved?

It is particularly noteworthy that in China, two applications for clinical trials were accepted this year after the suspension of stem cell therapy 16 years.

At the end of September, Cinda Bio approved Cinda lizumab injection and recombinant humanized anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody injection, which are currently in the certification state. In April, Cinda filed an application for listing Cinda lizumab injection, so it is speculated that the above two applications are clinical applications.

In addition, the clinical trial of epimab (recombinant anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody injection) of Hualan Bio has just been approved. On September 25th, Haizheng Pharmaceutical adalimumab Injection's application for listing was accepted by the Drug Examination Center, making it the second enterprise in China to apply for listing of biological analogues (generic drugs) in adalimumab.

It is understood that up to now, four domestic companies, Junshi Bio, Cinda Bio, Hengrui Pharma and Baekje Shenzhou, have applied for the listing of PD- 1 monoclonal antibodies. Xinda Bio's Xindili and Hengrui Pharma's Kalezhu have completed the technical review and left the drug evaluation center, which is expected to be the first to be approved. Considering that only two imported PD- 1 monoclonal antibodies have been approved for listing in China, these four companies can still take the lead in the market, and the prospects of the latecomers may not be good, including many listed companies.

1 18 ***2 14 winners

According to public information, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded 1 08 times from1year to 20 17 years (interrupted 10 times due to world war and other reasons), with 2 14 winners. According to statistics, only 12 women won the prize; The average age of all winners is 58.0, the average age of male winners is 57.9, and the average age of female winners is 63.5.

The youngest winner is only 32 years old and is Frederick G of the University of Toronto, Canada. Wan Jin (1923, awarded for the discovery and application of insulin), who was only 32 years old at that time, once had a "Glory of the whole people" (the same honor as * * *), which was about the process of Wan Jin's discovery of insulin. Interested friends can download it themselves and review the discovery of insulin. In addition, for insulin, there are several very interesting events, such as winning the Nobel Prize in chemistry, which directly promoted the establishment of insulin.

The oldest winner is actually 87 years old, and there are two winners, namely peyton rous (1966, who won the prize for discovering the virus-induced tumor) and Karl von Frisch (1973, who won the prize for discovering the organization of individual and social behavior patterns, and the model organism he used was bees).

It is mainly awarded to five fields, namely physiology, genetics, biochemistry, metabolism and immunology; The top five winners are the United States, Britain, Germany, France and Sweden. Immigrating to the United States has the most winners, reaching 21; Among them, Harvard University, Cambridge University, Columbia University, Johns Hopkins University and University of California are the top five schools where the winners are educated. The top five favorite work units of the winners are Harvard University, Rockefeller University, Cambridge University, Pasteur Institute and University of California.

Attachment: List of winners of this award in recent 10 years.

20 17

American scientists Jeffrey Hall, Michael Rothbash and michael young won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for explaining how many animals, plants and humans adapt biological rhythms to day and night changes as the earth rotates.

20 16

Yoshinori ohsumi, a Japanese molecular cell biologist, won the 20 16 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of autophagy mechanism.

20 15

20 14

John O'Keefe, a British scientist, and Edward Mosor and Maybright Mosor, two Norwegian scientists, won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for "discovering the cells that make up the brain localization system".

20 13

American scientists James Rothman and Randy w. Xie, and German scientist Thomas C. Su Dehov won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for "the new discovery in the field of intracellular transport system, and three people discovered the operation and regulation mechanism of cellular vesicle traffic".

20 12

British scientist Sir Wang Yuanyuan and Japanese scientist shinya yamanaka won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for "discovering that mature cells can be rewritten into multifunctional cells".

20 1 1 year

American scientist bruce butler and French scientist Jules holman won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for "discovering the activation of innate immune mechanism"; American scientist ralph steinman also won the prize for "discovering dendritic cells and their role in acquired immunity".

20 10 year

Robert Jeffrey Edwards, a British scientist, won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his "research on IVF".

In 2009

Australian scientist Elizabeth Blackburn, American scientist Carol Pindl and British scientist Jack Szostak won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for "discovering how telomeres and telomerase protect chromosomes".

the year of 2008

This article is for investors' reference only and does not constitute investment advice.